Daga cikin nau'ikan UPS, waɗanda aka fi sani da su a cikin ɗakunan uwar garke sune Smart UPS daga APC (yanzu Schneider Electric). Kyakkyawan aminci da ƙarancin farashi akan kasuwa na biyu suna ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa masu gudanar da tsarin, ba tare da tunani mai yawa ba, suna manne bayanan UPS a cikin racks kuma suna ƙoƙarin fitar da matsakaicin riba daga kayan aikin shekaru 10-15 ta hanyar maye gurbin batura kawai. Abin takaici, wannan ba koyaushe yana ba da sakamakon da ake tsammani ba. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu gano abin da kuma yadda za a yi don sa UPS ɗinku ta yi aiki "kamar sabo".
Zaɓin baturi
Duk labarai da batutuwa akan taron tattaunawa game da zabar baturi don UPS galibi suna kama da batutuwa akan zabar man inji don motoci/motos. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari kada mu kasance kamar su, amma don fahimtar ainihin ka'idodin zabar batura ta amfani da misalin CSB na masana'anta.
Mun ga suna da tarin layukan baturi daban-daban: GP, GPL, HR, HRL, UPS, TPL.
Bari mu fara karanta: GP, GPL - batura don amfanin duniya don ƙarami da matsakaita fitarwa. An ba da shawarar don amfani a tsarin tsaro da wuta da UPS. Ba su dace da mu ba. Ko da yake an fi sayan su ba tare da damuwa don nazarin halayensu ba.
HR jerin - batura tare da ƙãra makamashi iya aiki da kuma barin zurfin zurfafa (har zuwa 11% na saura iya aiki), suna da amfani musamman a lokacin da high fitarwa igiyoyi. Bambanci tsakanin batir "H" shine ƙirar grid na musamman wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kashi 20%. Sun fi dacewa don amfani a cikin manyan wutar lantarki da UPS.
Harafin "L" a cikin jerin yana nuna cewa waɗannan batura ne masu tsawaita rayuwar sabis (Long Life) a cikin aikin buffer har zuwa shekaru 10.
To, jerin UPS baturi ne na musamman da aka ƙera don aiki a cikin babban yanayin halin yanzu tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin fitarwa.
Don kaina, na zaɓi na dogon lokaci tsakanin UPS da HRL, amma na yanke shawarar ɗaukar HRL. Abin baƙin ciki, zai yiwu a ce game da yadda za su yi aiki a cikin dogon lokaci na aiki a cikin shekaru 5, kuma necroposting ba ze zama maraba. Don haka, za mu ɗauka cewa wannan zaɓi na ne kuma ba zan tilasta shi ba. Amma dole ne ku fahimci cewa wajibi ne don zaɓar manyan batura na yanzu, tun da yake dole ne su iya sakin duk ƙarfin da aka tara a cikin minti 20-30.
Zaɓin haɗin baturi
Idan akai la'akari da cewa ana amfani da batura da yawa a cikin taron, yana da kyau sosai cewa suna da halaye iri ɗaya. Domin baturi mara inganci guda ɗaya zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa duk taron ba zai yi aiki da komai ba kamar yadda aka zata.
Kimanin shekaru 5 da suka wuce, na gano kamfanin Rostov Bastion, wanda ke samar da masu gwajin ƙarfin baturi a ƙarƙashin alamar Skat. Ba na ɗauka don da'awar daidaitattun ma'aunin iya aiki ba, amma don tantance matakin: manufa-rai-zai-har yanzu-bauta-gawa, wannan magwajin ya fi isa.
A ka'ida, zaku iya auna ƙarfin aiki tare da cajin banal ta amfani da agogo, fitilar mota 21W (yana ba da nauyin kusan 1A) da mai gwadawa, amma wannan yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma galibi malalaci ne.
To, a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, muna ƙoƙarin shigar da sabbin batura daga rukuni ɗaya kuma muna fatan kun yi sa'a.
Electrics shine kimiyyar lambobi
Mummunan lamba ɗaya a cikin taron batura 4 zai hana duk ƙoƙarin ku, don haka muna wargaza taron a hankali. Yawanci, UPS yana amfani da masu haɗin baturi tare da latches, waɗanda za a iya juya su cikin matattu ta hanyar cire su kawai. Sabili da haka, muna ɗaukar ƙaramin screwdriver, saka shi a cikin mahaɗin kamar yadda yake a cikin hoto kuma a hankali cire shi ba tare da yin ƙoƙari sosai ba. Kamar yadda wani abokin aiki ya ba da shawara a cikin sharhi, kawai kuna buƙatar ja jakar filastik, ba waya ba. Mai haɗin haɗin yana zuwa tare da dannawa kaɗan.
To, game da madaidaicin haɗin wayoyi, ina tsammanin ba lallai ba ne a rubuta. Idan kun hau cikin UPS, to tabbas kun san ka'idar jerin haɗin batura. Kuma ga sauran: takarda ko alkalami ko smartphone mai kyamara. A ƙarshen taron, kawai idan, muna auna ƙarfin lantarki a kan taron tare da mai gwadawa kuma mu kwatanta shi da abin da ya kamata, dangane da adadin batura.
"Na yi komai kamar yadda aka rubuta, amma bai taimaka ba."
To, yanzu an fara jin daɗi. UPS, yayin aikinsa, lokaci-lokaci (yawanci sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 7 ko 14, dangane da saitunan) yana yin ɗan gajeren daidaita baturin. Yana canzawa zuwa yanayin baturi kuma yana auna ƙarfin lantarki nan da nan kuma bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Sakamakon wannan shine wani nau'i na gyare-gyare na "rayuwar baturi", wanda ya shiga cikin rajistarsa. Yayin da baturin ke mutuwa a hankali, yanayin rajistar yana raguwa a hankali. Daga wannan, UPS tana ƙididdige ragowar rayuwar batir. Kuma a lokaci guda mai kyau, sanin cewa komai ba daidai ba ne, UPS yana haskaka mai nuna alama yana buƙatar maye gurbin baturi. Amma lokacin da muka yi canji, UPS bai san game da shi ba! Yanayin rijistar "baturi" ya kasance iri ɗaya. Muna buƙatar gyara shi.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu a nan. Hanya ta farko tana da sauƙi da sauri - kuna buƙatar cikakken daidaita UPS. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar loda shi da fiye da 35% kuma fara daidaitawa, misali daga shirin PowerChute. Wannan yana aiki kusan rabin lokaci. Me ya sa ba koyaushe wani asiri ya lulluɓe shi cikin duhu ba. Don haka, bari mu ɗauki hanya mai tsayi amma mafi aminci.
Za mu buƙaci: kwamfuta tare da tashar COM, kebul na mallakar (misali 940-0024C), shirin UpsDiag 2.0 (don tsaron UPS ɗin ku, abokin aiki ya ba da shawarar cewa yana da kyau a yi amfani da apcfix a cikin yanayin kyauta. Zan iya 'Ban faɗi wani abu game da wannan ba sai dai cewa ban ba da shawarar latsawa a UpsDiag wani abu banda gyara rajistar 0, musamman maɓallin gyara kuskuren baturi ta atomatik) da kuma . Muna sha'awar ƙimar rijistar 0. Tebur yana nuna ƙimar manufa, batura mai siffar zobe a cikin injin. Duk wani baturi na gaske zai ba da ƙarancin ƙima bayan daidaitawa, amma ba da yawa ba.
Misali, zan ɗauki ainihin UPS SUA1500RMI2U. A lokacin maye gurbin baturi, UpsDiag ya nuna darajar rajista 0 - 42. Wato, batura sun mutu. Ƙimar daidaitawa daga tebur ita ce A1.
Mun fara gyara. Abu na farko cire katin cibiyar sadarwa daga UPS. Samun katin sadarwa ba zai ba ku damar gyara rajistar ba. Me yasa tambaya ce ga injiniyoyin APC. Abin farin ciki, zaku iya cire shi yayin da yake zafi ba tare da kashe UPS ba.
Muna haɗa kebul ɗin, ƙaddamar da UpsDiag, je zuwa shafin "Calibration" kuma duba yanayin rajistar 0. Rubuta shi a kan takarda, danna-dama akan shi - Canja. Mun ɗaga shi zuwa darajar daga tebur na ƙimar ƙima - A1. Idan UPS ɗinku baya cikin tebur, to bisa manufa zaku iya ɗaga shi zuwa FF. Babu wani abu mara kyau da zai iya faruwa daga wannan, sai dai UPS mai ban tsoro, wanda zai nuna cewa yana shirye don ɗaukar kaya har zuwa na biyu.
Sannan muna buƙatar jira batirin ya yi caji zuwa 100%, loda UPS zuwa 35% ko dan kadan sama kuma mu fara daidaitawa. A ƙarshen daidaitawa, muna sake duba ƙimar a cikin rajista 0 kuma kwatanta shi da abin da aka rubuta akan takarda. A cikin SUA1500RMI2U da aka bayyana a sama tare da sababbin batir HRL1234W, ƙimar ta zama 98, wanda, bisa ga ƙa'ida, ba shi da nisa sosai daga calibration A1.
Bayan komai, mun bar shi ya sake caji har zuwa 100%, cire kebul na COM, toshe katin cibiyar sadarwa kuma muyi fatan UPS mai tsawo da farin ciki rai don amfanin tarawar uwar garken mu.
Af, katunan cibiyar sadarwa irin su AP9619 akan kasuwar sakandare suma sun ragu cikin farashi zuwa matakan batsa. Amma yadda ake shirya su (sake saitin kalmar sirri, sabunta firmware, daidaitawa) shine batun labarin daban.
source: www.habr.com