Sabar minecraft kyauta akan AWS tare da sifili ilimin Linux

Hello, Habr! Hakazalika, ƴan damfara waɗanda ke neman yadda za su kafa uwar garken minecraft don yin wasa da abokai.

An yi nufin labarin ne don masu shirye-shirye, wadanda ba sysadmins ba, gabaɗaya, ba don manyan masu sauraron Habr ba. Labarin ya ƙunshi umarnin mataki-mataki don ƙirƙirar uwar garken minecraft tare da keɓaɓɓen IP, wanda aka daidaita don mutane masu nisa daga IT. Idan wannan ba game da ku ba ne, yana da kyau ku tsallake labarin.

Menene uwar garken?

To menene uwar garken? Idan muka dogara da manufar "uwar garke" a matsayin bangaren software, to uwar garken shiri ne wanda zai iya karɓa, sarrafawa da kuma watsa bayanan da aka karɓa daga masu amfani (abokan ciniki) waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wannan uwar garke. Yin amfani da rukunin yanar gizon a matsayin misali, rukunin yanar gizon yana kan wasu sabar gidan yanar gizo, waɗanda kuke shiga ta hanyar burauza. A cikin yanayinmu, uwar garken minecraft yana haifar da duniyar da 'yan wasa (abokan ciniki) ke haɗuwa, waɗanda zasu iya tafiya, karya tubalan, da dai sauransu. Sabar minecraft tana da alhakin haɗa ƴan wasa da duk wani aikinsu.

Babu shakka, uwar garken dole ne ta kasance tana aiki akan kwamfuta (inji). Kuna iya saita uwar garken akan kwamfutar ku ta gida, amma a wannan yanayin:

• Kuna lalata tsaron kwamfutar ku ta hanyar buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kanta
• Sabar za ta sanya kaya a kan kwamfutarka, wanda zai iya kawo cikas ga aikinka da ita
• Ba za ku iya kiyaye kwamfutar ku ta gida ba 24/7: wani lokacin kuna kashe ta, wani lokacin kwamfutar ku ta rasa haɗin Intanet, da sauransu.
• Don samun damar uwar garken ku daga duniyar waje, dole ne ku shiga kwamfutar ku ta hanyar Adireshin IP, wanda don "gida" masu samar da Intanet shine tsauri, wato, yana iya canzawa kowane kwanaki 2-3 saboda dalilan da suka wuce ikon ku.

Kuma ta yaya za mu magance waɗannan matsalolin?

Maganin duk waɗannan matsalolin shine amfani inji mai inganci daga a tsaye, wato, adireshin IP wanda ba ya canzawa.

Kalmomi masu rikitarwa? Bari mu gane shi.
Bari mu juya zuwa Wikipedia.

Виртуальная машина (VM, от англ. virtual machine) — программная и/или аппаратная система, эмулирующая аппаратное обеспечение некоторой платформы...

Don sanya shi cikin ɗanyen kalmomi, kwamfuta ce a cikin kwamfuta. Hakanan zaka iya shigar da tsarin aiki akansa kuma kuyi aiki da shi kamar yadda ake amfani da kwamfuta ta yau da kullun.

A ina za mu samu?

Amsar tana da sauki - AWS. Wannan dandamali ne wanda ke ba da sabis na girgije daban-daban waɗanda ke da amfani ga duk wanda ke aiki tare da yanar gizo ba kawai ba. Don ƙirƙirar uwar garken minecraft, ɗayan samfuran AWS cikakke ne - EC2 na Amazon - na'ura mai kama da girgije wanda ke samuwa 24/7. AWS yana ba da mafi ƙarancin injin kama-da-wane (10GB SSD, 1GB RAM) kyauta na shekara guda, Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da damar ɗaure adireshin IP na sadaukarwa (tsaye) don samun dama ga VM ɗinku (na'urar kama-da-wane) a wannan adireshin.

Muna ƙirƙira kuma muna saita VM

Je zuwa gidan yanar gizon AWS da yin rijista. Sa'an nan je zuwa management console.

A cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo, tsakanin sabis, nemo EC2 kuma zuwa gare shi.

Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar cibiyar bayanai, a sauƙaƙe, wurin da sabobin Amazon yake. Ya kamata ku zabi ya danganta da wurin da kuke, saboda saurin sadarwa a Intanet ya bambanta, kuma yakamata ku zabi cibiyar data wacce sadarwa daga garinku zata yi sauri.

Don zaɓar cibiyar bayanai, ina ba da shawarar amfani da sabis ɗin WonderNetwork, wanda ke auna saurin watsa fakiti tare da sauran garuruwa.
A cikin yanayina (Moscow), cibiyar bayanan Irish ta dace da ni.

Lokaci ya yi da za a ƙirƙiri na'ura mai mahimmanci. Don yin wannan, je zuwa shafin Kaddamar da misali

Bari mu fara daidaita VM.

1) Zaɓi hoton tsarin aiki. Linux ya dace sosai don haɓaka sabobin; za mu yi amfani da kayan rarrabawa CentOS7

Ya kamata a lura cewa ba za a sami yanayi na hoto akan na'urar ku ba; samun damar shiga injin ɗin zai kasance ta na'urar wasan bidiyo. Ya ƙunshi sarrafa VM ta amfani da umarni maimakon linzamin kwamfuta. Kada ku ji tsoron wannan: wannan bai kamata ya dakatar da ku ba a yanzu ko ku daina tunanin haɓaka uwar garken ma'adinan ku saboda yana da "mawuyaci." Yin aiki tare da na'ura ta hanyar na'ura ba ta da wahala - ba da daɗewa ba za ku gani da kanku.

2) Yanzu bari mu ayyana tsarin fasaha na VM. Don amfani kyauta, Amazon yana ba da tsari T2.micro, bai isa ga babban uwar garken minecraft mai cikakken iko ba, amma ya isa ya yi wasa tare da abokai.

3) Bar sauran saitunan azaman tsoho, amma tsaya a shafin Sanya ƙungiyoyin tsaro.

Anan muna buƙatar saita hanyar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa don uwar garken minecraft.

A cikin sauƙi, tashar jiragen ruwa lamba ce mara kyau wacce ke nuna wanda aka yi magana da bayanan mai shigowa daga duniyar waje. VM na iya daukar nauyin ayyuka da sabar daban-daban, don haka duk fakitin bayanai masu shigowa suna adana tashar jiragen ruwa (lambar) na makoma (sabis, uwar garken) a cikin VM a cikin taken su.

Don sabobin minecraft, ma'aunin de facto shine amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa 25565. Bari mu ƙara ƙa'ida da ke nuna cewa samun damar yin amfani da VM ɗinku ta wannan tashar jiragen ruwa abin karɓa ne.

Muna zuwa taga don kammala ƙirƙirar VM ta danna maɓallin Bita da Ƙaddamarwa

Saita maɓallin SSH guda biyu don VM

Don haka, za a gudanar da haɗin kai da injin ta amfani da ka'idar SSH.

Ka'idar SSH tana aiki kamar haka: ana samar da maɓallai biyu (na jama'a da na sirri), ana adana maɓalli na jama'a akan VM, kuma maɓallin keɓaɓɓen yana adana akan kwamfutar mutumin da ke haɗa VM (abokin ciniki). Lokacin haɗawa, VM yana bincika cewa abokin ciniki yana da maɓallin keɓaɓɓen maɓalli mai dacewa.

latsa Launch. Tagan mai zuwa zai bayyana a gabanku:

Shigar da sunan maɓalli biyu (don dacewa) kuma danna Zazzage maɓalli biyu. Yakamata kayi downloading .pem fayil ɗin da ke ɗauke da maɓallin keɓaɓɓen ku. Danna maɓallin Kaddamar da misalai. Yanzu kun ƙirƙiri injin kama-da-wane wanda za'a shigar da uwar garken akanta.

Samun IP na tsaye

Yanzu muna buƙatar samun kuma mu ɗaure madaidaiciyar IP zuwa VM ɗin mu. Don wannan menu muna samun shafin IP na roba kuma muna tafiya tare da shi. A kan shafin, danna maɓallin Sanya adireshin IP na roba kuma sami IP na tsaye.

Yanzu dole ne a haɗa adireshin IP ɗin da aka karɓa da VM ɗin mu. Don yin wannan, zaɓi shi daga lissafin kuma a cikin menu Actions zabi Adireshin IP mai alaƙa

Na gaba, za mu ɗaure VM zuwa adireshin IP ɗin mu

Anyi!

Muna zuwa VM

Yanzu da aka saita VM kuma an sanya adireshin IP, bari mu haɗa da shi kuma mu shigar da uwar garken minecraft.

Don haɗawa zuwa VM ta hanyar SSH za mu yi amfani da shirin PuTTY. Shigar da PuTTYgen kai tsaye daga wannan shafin

Bayan shigar da PuTTY, buɗe shi. Yanzu kuna buƙatar saita haɗin.

1. A cikin tab Zama zaɓi nau'in haɗi SSH, tashar jiragen ruwa 22. Ƙayyade suna don haɗin. Sunan mai masaukin baki don haɗawa ta hanyar SSH shine kirtani kamar: имя_пользователя@публичный_dns.

Tsohuwar sunan mai amfani a cikin AWS na CentOS shine tsakiya. Ana iya ganin DNS na jama'a anan:

Na samu layi [email protected]

1. A cikin tab SSH -> Gaskiya shigar da keɓaɓɓen maɓallin SSH ɗin ku. Ana adana shi a cikin fayil .pem, wanda muka zazzage a baya. Amma PuTTY ba zai iya aiki da fayiloli ba .pem, yana buƙatar tsari .ppk. Don canzawa za mu yi amfani da PuTTYgen. Umarnin juyi daga gidan yanar gizon PuTTYgen. Fayil da aka karɓa .ppk Mu ajiye mu nuna anan:

1. Muna haɗi zuwa VM ta buɗe haɗin tare da maɓallin Bude.
   Taya murna! Mun gama haɗawa da na'urar wasan bidiyo na VM ɗin ku. Abin da ya rage shi ne shigar da uwar garken mu a kanta.

Shigarwa da daidaita uwar garken minecraft

Bari mu fara saita uwar garken mu. Da farko, muna buƙatar shigar da fakiti da yawa akan VM ɗin mu.

sudo yum install -y wget mc iptables iptables-services java screen

Bari mu gano menene kowane fakitin don.

• wget - mai amfani don zazzage fayiloli a cikin Linux. Amfani da shi za mu sauke fayilolin uwar garke.
• mc - editan rubutu na console. Yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi don amfani ga mai amfani da ba a horar da shi ba.
• iptables - kayan aiki don sarrafawa da daidaita bangon wuta, tare da taimakonsa za mu buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa don uwar garken akan VM ɗin mu.
• java - minecraft yana aiki akan java, don haka ya zama dole don uwar garken yayi aiki
• allon - Manajan taga don Linux. Zai ba mu damar yin kwafin na'urar wasan bidiyo don ɗaga uwar garken. Gaskiyar ita ce, dole ne a ƙaddamar da uwar garken ta hanyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa; idan ka cire haɗin daga VM naka, tsarin uwar garken za a dakatar da shi. Saboda haka, za mu gudanar da shi a cikin wani taga daban-daban na wasan bidiyo.

Yanzu bari mu saita Tacewar zaɓi.

Firewall software ne ko kayan masarufi-software na cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta wanda ke sarrafawa da tace zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwar da ke wucewa ta cikin ta daidai da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi. (Wikipedia)

Don bayyanawa cikin sauƙi: yi tunanin birni mai kagara. Kullum ana kai masa hari daga waje, yayin da rayuwa ta yau da kullun ke tafiya a cikin birni. Don shiga cikin birnin, akwai wata ƙofa a bangon kagara, inda masu gadi ke tsayawa suna bincika ko za a iya barin wannan mutum cikin kagara. Matsayin bango da kofa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta ana yin ta ta hanyar wuta.

sudo mcedit /etc/sysconfig/iptables

Mun ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin sanyi na Tacewar zaɓi. Bari mu cika shi da daidaitattun bayanan sanyi, gami da ka'ida don tashar jiragen ruwa 25565, wanda shine daidaitaccen tashar jiragen ruwa don uwar garken minecraft.

*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 25565 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

Rufe fayil ɗin ta latsa F10, adana canje-canje.

Yanzu bari mu kaddamar da Tacewar zaɓi kuma kunna shi a farawa:

sudo systemctl enable iptables
sudo systemctl restart iptables

Za mu adana fayilolin uwar garken a cikin babban fayil daban, ƙirƙira shi, je zuwa gare ta kuma zazzage fayilolin uwar garke. Don yin wannan ya kamata ka yi amfani da wget

mkdir minecraft
cd minecraft
wget <ссылка_на_jar>

Bukatar samun kai tsaye mahada don saukewa .jar fayil ɗin uwar garken. Misali, hanyar haɗi zuwa sigar fayil ɗin uwar garken 1.15.2:

wget https://launcher.mojang.com/v1/objects/bb2b6b1aefcd70dfd1892149ac3a215f6c636b07/server.jar

Duba abubuwan da ke cikin babban fayil ta amfani da umarnin ls, tabbatar an zazzage fayilolin.

Bari mu kaddamar da fayil ɗin uwar garken. Yanzu uwar garken ba zai yi aiki ba: zai ƙirƙiri duk fayilolin da ake buƙata don aiki, kuma za su yi korafin cewa ba ku yarda da sharuɗɗan lasisin EULA ba. Karɓi sharuɗɗan ta buɗe fayil ɗin eula.txt

sudo mcedit eula.txt

Tabbatar da yarjejeniyar ku ta canza shigarwa zuwa:

eula=true

Bude fayil server.properties: Wannan shine fayil ɗin daidaitawar uwar garken ku. Ƙari game da saitunan uwar garke

Dole ne a yi masa canjin mai zuwa:

online-mode=false

Sauran saitunan suna bisa ga shawarar ku.

Fara uwar garken

Lokaci yayi da za a fara uwar garken. Kamar yadda na fada a baya, uwar garken yana farawa kai tsaye daga na'ura wasan bidiyo, amma idan muka rufe babban na'ura mai kwakwalwa, za a dakatar da tsarin uwar garken. Don haka, bari mu ƙirƙiri wani na'ura mai kwakwalwa:

screen

Bari mu fara uwar garken a cikin wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa:

 sudo java -Xms512M -Xmx1024M -jar <название_файла_сервера>.jar --nogui

Sabar tana farawa a cikin kusan daƙiƙa 45, kar a katse aikin. Lokacin da aka kunna uwar garken kuma yana aiki, za ku ga wani abu kamar:

Taya murna! Yanzu kun sami sabar ku ta minecraft tana aiki. Yanzu yana da mahimmanci a fita daidai da na'ura wasan bidiyo na biyu domin ya ci gaba da aiki tare da uwar garken da ke gudana. Don yin wannan, danna Ctrl+Ato, D. Ya kamata ku kasance a cikin babban kayan wasan bidiyo kuma ku ga saƙo kamar [detached from 1551.pts-0.ip-172-31-37-146]. Idan kana buƙatar komawa zuwa na'ura wasan bidiyo inda uwar garken ke gudana, yi amfani screen -r

Yanzu zaku iya cire haɗin daga VM ɗin ku. Za a sami damar uwar garken ku ta hanyar adireshin IP ɗin da muka samu a baya, akan tashar jiragen ruwa 25565.

Ya bayyana cewa adireshin shigar da uwar garke zai kasance <ваш_статический_IP>:25565.

ƙarshe

Amfani da waɗannan umarnin, zaka iya saita uwar garken minecraft kyauta tare da keɓaɓɓen IP. An rubuta labarin a cikin yare mafi sauƙi kuma an yi niyya ga waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba. Dangane da wannan, yana da ban sha'awa don jin maganganun waɗanda aka shagaltar da su, domin lokacin da aka sauƙaƙe kayan aiki, ana iya yin kuskuren gaskiya a cikin kalmomi.

source: www.habr.com