Yawancin manyan kwamfutoci suna gudanar da Linux - bari mu tattauna lamarin

Tun daga 2018, ɗari biyar na tsarin aiki mafi girma a duniya suna gudana akan Linux. Muna tattauna dalilan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu kuma muna ba da ra'ayoyin masana.

Ото - rawpixel -PD

Jihar Kasuwa

Ya zuwa yanzu, Linux yana yin hasara ga sauran tsarin aiki a yaƙin kasuwar PC. By bayarwa Statista, Linux an sanya shi akan 1,65% na kwamfutoci kawai, yayin da 77% na masu amfani ke aiki tare da OS na Microsoft.

Abubuwa sun fi kyau a cikin gajimare da yanayin IaaS, kodayake Windows ya kasance jagora a nan kuma. Misali, wannan OS amfani 45% na abokan cinikin 1cloud.ru, yayin da 44% sun fi son rarraba Linux.

Amma idan muka yi magana game da babban aiki na kwamfuta, to Linux shine jagora mai haske. A cewar wani kwanan nan rahoto portal Top500 wani aiki ne wanda ke da matsayi mafi ƙarfi a cikin na'urorin kwamfuta a duniya - supercomputers daga saman jerin 500 an gina su akan Linux.

Akan na'urar Summit (lamba ɗaya a jerin a lokacin rubutawa), wanda IBM ya tsara, An shigar da Kamfanin Red Hat. Tsarin iri ɗaya yana mulki na biyu mafi ƙarfi supercomputer shi ne Saliyo, da kuma kasar Sin shigar TaihuLight aiki akan Sunway Raise OS bisa Linux.

Dalilan yawaitar Linux

Yawan aiki. Kernel na Linux monolithic ne kuma shaguna Ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da ake buƙata - direbobi, mai tsara ɗawainiya, tsarin fayil. A lokaci guda, ana aiwatar da ayyukan kwaya a cikin sararin adireshi na kernel, wanda ke inganta aikin gabaɗaya. Linux kuma yana da ingantacciyar buƙatun kayan masarufi na duniya. Wasu rabawa suna aiki akan na'urori masu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 128 MB. Gaskiyar cewa injunan Linux sun fi na Windows ƴan shekaru da suka wuce gane ko da ɗaya daga cikin masu haɓaka Microsoft. Daga cikin dalilan, ya haskaka ƙarin sabuntawa da nufin inganta tushen lambar.

Bayani. Manyan kwamfutoci a cikin 70s da 80 galibi an gina su akan rabon UNIX na kasuwanci, kamar su. UNICOS daga Cray. An tilasta wa jami'o'i da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike biyan manyan kudaden sarauta ga marubutan OS, wanda hakan ya yi illa ga farashin karshe na kwamfutoci masu inganci - ya kai miliyoyin daloli. Fitowar tsarin aiki mai buɗewa ya rage farashin software sosai. A shekarar 1998 aka gabatar na farko supercomputer bisa Linux - Avalon Cluster. An hada shi a dakin gwaje-gwaje na kasa na Los Alamos a Amurka akan dala dubu 152 kacal.

Na'urar tana da aikin gigaflops 19,3 kuma ta ɗauki matsayi na 314 a saman duniya. A kallon farko, wannan ƙaramin nasara ce, amma ƙimar farashi/aiki ya ja hankalin masu haɓaka kwamfutoci. A cikin shekaru biyu kawai, Linux ya sami nasarar kama kashi 10% na kasuwa.

Keɓancewa. Kowane supercomputer yana da kayan aikin IT na musamman. Buɗewar Linux yana ba injiniyoyi sassaucin da suke buƙata don yin canje-canje da haɓaka aiki. Administrator Eddie Epstein, wanda ya taimaka wajen zayyana supercomputer na Watson, mai suna iyawa da sauƙin gudanarwa sune manyan dalilan zabar SUSE Linux.

Supercomputers na nan gaba

Tsarin kwamfuta na IBM 148-petaflop Summit ya kasance a cikin shekaru da yawa yanzu. ya rike wuri na farko a Top500. Amma a cikin 2021, halin da ake ciki na iya canzawa - da yawa supercomputers za su shiga kasuwa lokaci guda.

Ото - OLCF a ORNL - CC BY

Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) ce ke haɓaka ɗayansu tare da ƙwararru daga Cray. Ƙarfinsa zai aika don bincika sararin samaniya da illolin dumamar yanayi, neman magunguna don magance cutar kansa da sababbin kayan don masu amfani da hasken rana. An riga an san cewa supercomputer za a sarrafa Cray Linux Environment OS - Ya dogara ne akan SUSE Linux Enterprise.

Har ila yau, kasar Sin za ta gabatar da na'urar da ke da inganci sosai. Za a kira shi Tianhe-3 kuma za a yi amfani da shi wajen injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da inganta magunguna. Supercomputer dole ne ya shigar da Kylin Linux, wanda aka riga aka yi amfani da shi don wanda ya riga shi - Tianhe-2.

Don haka, za mu iya tsammanin cewa matsayi na gaba zai ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, kuma Linux za ta ci gaba da ƙarfafa jagorancinsa a cikin mafi kyawun manyan kwamfutoci.

Mu a 1cloud muna ba da sabis "Girman gajimare". Tare da taimakonsa, zaku iya hanzarta tura kayan aikin IT don ayyukan kowane rikitarwa.
Girgizan mu gina akan ƙarfe Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Kayan aiki yana samuwa a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai da yawa: Moscow DataSpace, St. Petersburg SDN/Xelent da Almaty Ahost.

source: www.habr.com