Binciken nazari game da barazanar tsaro ta yanar gizo ga tsarin bayanan likita da suka dace a cikin lokacin daga 2007 zuwa 2017.

- Yaya tsarin bayanan likita ya zama gama gari a Rasha?
- Za ku iya ba ni ƙarin bayani game da Tsarin Bayanan Kiwon Lafiyar Jiha (USSIZ) Haɗin Kai?
- Za ku iya gaya mana ƙarin bayani game da fasalin fasaha na tsarin bayanan likita na gida?
- Menene yanayin tsaro na yanar gizo na tsarin EMIAS na gida?
- Menene halin da ake ciki tare da cybersecurity na tsarin bayanan likita - a cikin lambobi?
– Shin ƙwayoyin cuta na kwamfuta za su iya cutar da kayan aikin likita?
- Yaya haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware suke ga sashin kiwon lafiya?
– Idan abubuwan da suka faru na yanar gizo suna da haɗari sosai, me yasa masana'antun na'urorin likitanci suke sarrafa na'urorinsu na kwamfuta?
- Me yasa masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo suka sauya daga bangaren kudi da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya?
- Me yasa cututtukan cututtukan ransomware suka zama akai-akai a sashin likitanci kuma suna ci gaba da karuwa?
– Likitoci, ma’aikatan jinya da majinyata da WannaCry ya shafa – yaya abin ya kasance gare su?
- Ta yaya masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo za su cutar da asibitin tiyata na filastik?
- Mai laifin cyber ya sace katin likita - menene wannan ke nufi ga mai shi?
- Me yasa satar katunan likitanci ke cikin irin wannan karuwar bukatar?
- Menene alaƙa tsakanin satar lambobin Tsaron Jama'a da masana'antar daftarin aiki na jabu?
- A yau akwai magana da yawa game da bege da amincin tsarin basirar wucin gadi. Yaya al'amura ke tafiya da wannan a fannin likitanci?
– Shin sashin likitanci ya koyi wani darasi daga halin WannaCry?
- Ta yaya cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya za su tabbatar da tsaro ta yanar gizo?

An yi wa wannan bita alama tare da wasiƙar godiya daga Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Tarayyar Rasha (duba hoton allo a ƙarƙashin mai ɓarna).

Yaya tsarin bayanan likita ya zama gama gari a Rasha?

A cikin 2006, Informatics na Siberiya (kamfanin IT ƙwararre kan haɓaka tsarin bayanan likita) ya ruwaito [38] cewa: “MIT Technology Review lokaci-lokaci yana buga jerin al'ada na bayanai goma masu ban sha'awa da fasahar sadarwa waɗanda za su yi tasiri mafi girma ga rayuwar ɗan adam. nan gaba kadan.” al'umma. A cikin 2006, 6 cikin 10 matsayi a cikin wannan jerin suna shagaltar da fasahar da ke da alaƙa da lamuran kiwon lafiya. An bayyana shekarar 2007 "shekarar sanar da kiwon lafiya" a Rasha. Daga 2007 zuwa 2017, yanayin dogaro da kiwon lafiya kan bayanai da fasahar sadarwa yana karuwa koyaushe."
A ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2012, bayanan Open Systems da cibiyar nazari sun ruwaito [41] cewa a cikin 2012, 350 dakunan shan magani na Moscow sun haɗa da EMIAS (bayanan likita da tsarin nazari). Daga baya kadan, a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2012, wannan majiyar ta ruwaito [42] cewa a halin yanzu likitoci 3,8 dubu sun yi aiki ta atomatik, kuma 'yan ƙasa miliyan 1,8 sun riga sun gwada sabis na EMIAS. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2015, majiyar guda ta ruwaito [40] cewa EMIAS tana aiki a cikin dukkanin asibitocin jama'a na 660 a Moscow kuma ya ƙunshi bayanai daga marasa lafiya fiye da miliyan 7.
A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 2016, Mujallar Profile ta buga [43] wani ra'ayi na ƙwararru daga cibiyar nazari ta duniya PwC: "Moscow ita ce kawai babban birni inda aka aiwatar da tsarin haɗin kai don kula da dakunan shan magani na birni, yayin da irin wannan bayani yana samuwa a cikin wasu. biranen duniya, ciki har da New York da London, suna kan matakin tattaunawa ne kawai." "Profile" kuma ya ruwaito cewa tun daga Yuli 25, 2016, 75% na Muscovites (game da mutane miliyan 9) sun yi rajista a cikin EMIAS, fiye da 20 dubu likitoci suna aiki a cikin tsarin; tun bayan kaddamar da tsarin, an yi alƙawura fiye da miliyan 240 da likitoci; Fiye da ayyuka daban-daban dubu 500 ana yin su kowace rana a cikin tsarin. A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ekho Moskvy ya ruwaito [39] cewa a halin yanzu a Moscow fiye da 97% na alƙawura na likita ana yin su ta hanyar alƙawari, wanda aka yi ta hanyar EMIAS.
A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2016, Veronika Skvortsova, Ministan Lafiya na Tarayyar Rasha, ya bayyana [11] cewa a ƙarshen 2018, 95% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ƙasar za a haɗa su da tsarin haɗin gwiwar tsarin kiwon lafiyar jihar (USHIS) - ta hanyar. Gabatar da wani unified Electronic Medical record (EMR). Dokar da ta dace da ke tilasta yankunan Rasha su haɗu da tsarin sun yi tattaunawa da jama'a, sun amince da duk hukumomin tarayya masu sha'awar kuma za a mika su ga gwamnati. Veronika Skvortsova ya ruwaito cewa a cikin yankuna 83 sun shirya alƙawarin lantarki tare da likita; an gabatar da tsarin jigilar jigilar motar asibiti mai haɗin kai a cikin yankuna 66; a cikin yankuna 81 na ƙasar akwai tsarin bayanan likita, wanda kashi 57% na likitocin sun haɗa tashoshi masu sarrafa kansa. [goma sha ɗaya]

Za ku iya gaya mana ƙarin game da Tsarin Bayanan Kiwon Lafiyar Jiha (USSIZ) Haɗin Kai?

EGSIZ shine tushen duk MIS na gida (tsarin bayanan likita). Ya ƙunshi guntun yanki - RISUZ (tsarin bayanin kula da lafiyar yanki). EMIAS, wanda aka riga aka ambata a sama, yana ɗaya daga cikin kwafin RISUZ (mafi shahara kuma mafi alƙawari). [51] Kamar yadda aka bayyana [56] da editocin mujallar "Director of Information Service", USSIZ ne girgije-cibiyar sadarwa IT kayayyakin more rayuwa, da halittar yanki sassan da aka gudanar da bincike cibiyoyin a Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Novosibirsk. Orel, Saratov, Tomsk da sauran biranen Tarayyar Rasha.
Ayyukan USSIZ shine kawar da "bayanan faci" na kiwon lafiya; Ta hanyar rufe bayanan misalai daban-daban, wanda a gabanin aiwatar da cibiyar zamantakewa na kasa da aka hada ta, ba tare da wani ka'idojin da aka haɗa ta al'ada ba. [54] Tun daga 2008, haɗin haɗin bayanan kiwon lafiya na Tarayyar Rasha ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin IT na masana'antu 26 [50]. 20 daga cikinsu na duniya ne.
Ayyukan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ya dogara da MIS, kamar OpenEMR ko EMIAS. MIS tana ba da ajiyar bayanai game da majiyyaci: sakamakon bincike, bayanai kan magungunan da aka tsara, tarihin likita, da dai sauransu. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da MIS (kamar 30 ga Maris, 2017): EHR (Record Health Records) - tsarin rikodin likitancin lantarki wanda ke adana bayanan marasa lafiya a cikin tsari mai tsari kuma yana kula da tarihin lafiyarsa. NAS (Ajiye Haɗe-haɗe) - ajiyar bayanan cibiyar sadarwa. DICOM (Hoto na Dijital da Sadarwa a cikin Magunguna) ƙa'ida ce don tsarawa da musayar hotuna na dijital a cikin magani. PACS (Tsarin Archiving Hoto da Tsarin Sadarwa) tsarin adana hoto ne da tsarin musayar aiki daidai da ma'aunin DICOM. Yana ƙirƙira, adanawa da hango hotunan likita da takaddun marasa lafiyar da aka bincika. Mafi na kowa na tsarin DICOM. [3] Duk waɗannan MIS suna da rauni ga manyan hare-hare ta yanar gizo, waɗanda cikakkun bayanai ke samuwa a bainar jama'a.
A shekarar 2015, Zhilyaev P.S., Goryunova TI. da Volodin K.I., ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Penza, sun ce [57] a cikin labarin su game da tsaro ta yanar gizo a fannin likitanci cewa EMIAS ya haɗa da: 1) CPMM (haɗe-haɗe rikodin lantarki na likita); 2) rijistar marasa lafiya a fadin birni; 3) tsarin kula da kwararar haƙuri; 4) hadedde tsarin bayanan likita; 5) tsarin tsarin lissafin gudanarwa mai ƙarfi; 6) tsarin yin rikodin keɓaɓɓen kulawar likita; 7) tsarin kula da rajistar likitanci. Dangane da CPMM, bisa ga rahoton [39] na gidan rediyon Ekho Moskvy (10 ga Fabrairu, 2017), an gina wannan tsarin ne bisa ingantattun ayyuka na ma'auni na OpenEHR, wanda shine fasaha mafi ci gaba wanda ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da fasaha suke sannu a hankali. motsi.
Editocin mujallar Computerworld Russia kuma sun bayyana [41] cewa baya ga haɗa duk waɗannan ayyuka tare da juna da kuma MIS na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, EMIAS kuma an haɗa shi da software na guntun tarayya "EGIS-Zdrav" (USIS ne. tsarin bayanai na jiha ɗaya) da tsarin lantarki.gwamnati, gami da tashoshin sabis na gwamnati. Ba da daɗewa ba, a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2016, masu gyara na Mujallar Profile sun fayyace [43] cewa EMIAS a halin yanzu tana haɗa ayyuka da yawa: cibiyar yanayi, rajistar lantarki, EHR, takardar sayan lantarki, takaddun izinin rashin lafiya, sabis na dakin gwaje-gwaje da lissafin keɓaɓɓen.
A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2016, editocin mujallar "Director of Information Service" sun ruwaito [59] cewa EMIAS ta isa kantin magani. Duk kantin magani na Moscow da ke ba da magunguna akan takaddun da aka zaɓa sun ƙaddamar da "tsarin sarrafa kansa don sarrafa wadatar da magunguna ga jama'a" - M-Apteka.
A ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2017, wannan majiyar ta ruwaito [58] cewa a cikin 2015, aiwatar da sabis na bayanan rediyo mai haɗin kai (ERS), wanda aka haɗa tare da EMIAS, ya fara a Moscow. Ga likitocin da ke ba da shawarwari ga marasa lafiya don bincike, an tsara taswirar fasaha don gwaje-gwajen X-ray, duban dan tayi, CT da MRI, waɗanda aka haɗa tare da EMIAS. Yayin da aikin ke fadada, ana shirin haɗa asibitoci da kayan aikinsu masu yawa zuwa sabis. Yawancin asibitoci suna da nasu MIS, kuma za a buƙaci a haɗa su da su. Editocin Profile sun kuma bayyana cewa ganin kyakkyawan kwarewar babban birnin, yankunan kuma suna da sha'awar aiwatar da EMIAS.

Za a iya gaya mana ƙarin bayani game da fasalolin fasaha na tsarin bayanan likitancin gida?

An samo bayanan wannan sakin layi daga nazarin nazari [49] na "Informatics of Siberiya". Kimanin kashi 70% na tsarin bayanan likita an gina su akan bayanan bayanai masu alaƙa. A cikin 1999, 47% na tsarin bayanan kiwon lafiya sun yi amfani da bayanan gida (tebur) na gida, mafi yawancin su tebur dBase ne. Wannan tsarin ya kasance na yau da kullun don farkon lokacin haɓaka software don magani da ƙirƙirar samfuran musamman na musamman.
Kowace shekara adadin tsarin gida bisa tushen bayanan tebur yana raguwa. A 2003, wannan adadi ya kasance kawai 4%. A yau, kusan babu masu haɓakawa da ke amfani da tebur dBase. Wasu samfuran software suna amfani da tsarin bayanansu; Ana amfani da su sau da yawa a cikin injiniyoyin magunguna na lantarki. A halin yanzu, kasuwar cikin gida tana da tsarin bayanan likita wanda aka gina ko da akan DBMS na kansa na gine-ginen "abokin ciniki-abokin ciniki": e-asibiti. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin dalilai na haƙiƙa na irin waɗannan yanke shawara.
Lokacin haɓaka tsarin bayanan likita na cikin gida, ana amfani da DBMS masu zuwa: Microsoft SQL Server (52.18%), Cache (17.4%), Oracle (13%), Borland Interbase Server (13%), Lotus Notes/Domino (13%) . Don kwatantawa: idan muka bincika duk software na likita ta amfani da gine-ginen uwar garken abokin ciniki, rabon Microsoft SQL Server DBMS zai zama 64%. Yawancin masu haɓakawa (17.4%) suna ba da izinin amfani da DBMS da yawa, galibi haɗin Microsoft SQL Server da Oracle. Tsarin guda biyu (IS Kondopoga [44] da Paracels-A [45]) suna amfani da DBMS da yawa a lokaci guda. Duk DBMSs da aka yi amfani da su an kasu kashi biyu na asali daban-daban: na dangantaka da na baya-bayan nan (mai-daidaitacce). A yau, kashi 70% na tsarin bayanan likita na cikin gida an gina su akan DBMSs na alaƙa, kuma 30% akan waɗanda ke bayan alaƙa.
Lokacin haɓaka tsarin bayanan likita, ana amfani da kayan aikin shirye-shirye iri-iri. Misali, DOKA+ [47] an rubuta shi da PHP da JavaScript. "E-Asibitin" [48] an haɓaka shi a cikin yanayin Microsoft Visual C ++. Amulet - a cikin yanayin Microsoft Visual.NET." Mai ba da labari [46], yana gudana a ƙarƙashin Windows (98/Me/NT/2000/XP), yana da tsarin gine-ginen abokin ciniki-uwar garken mataki biyu; ana aiwatar da ɓangaren abokin ciniki a cikin yaren shirye-shiryen Delphi; Oracle DBMS ne ke sarrafa ɓangaren uwar garken.
Kusan 40% na masu haɓakawa suna amfani da kayan aikin da aka gina a cikin DBMS. 42% suna amfani da nasu ci gaban a matsayin editan rahoto; 23% - kayan aikin da aka gina a cikin DBMS. Don sarrafa ƙira da gwajin lambar shirin, 50% na masu haɓakawa suna amfani da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya. A matsayin software don ƙirƙirar takardu, 85% na masu haɓakawa suna amfani da samfuran Microsoft - editan rubutu na Word ko, misali, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri e-asibiti, Taron Taimakon Microsoft.
A cikin 2015, Ageenko T.Yu. da Andrianov A.V., ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Moscow, sun buga wata kasida [55], inda suka bayyana dalla-dalla cikakkun bayanan fasaha na tsarin bayanan asibiti mai sarrafa kansa (GAIS), gami da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa na yau da kullun na cibiyar kiwon lafiya da latsawa. matsalolin tabbatar da tsaro ta yanar gizo. GAIS wata amintacciyar hanyar sadarwa ce wacce EMIAS, mafi kyawun MIS na Rasha, ke aiki.
"Informatics na Siberiya" ya yi iƙirari [53] cewa cibiyoyin bincike guda biyu mafi iko da ke da hannu wajen haɓaka MIS su ne Cibiyar Nazarin Software na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Rasha (wanda ke cikin tsohuwar birnin Rasha na Pereslavl-Zalessky) da kuma wadanda ba. kungiyar riba "Asusun Haɓaka da Samar da Sashin Kula da Lafiya na Musamman" 168 (wanda ke cikin Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk). "Informatics na Siberiya" kanta, wanda kuma za a iya hada a cikin wannan jerin, yana cikin birnin Omsk.

Menene yanayin tsaro ta yanar gizo na tsarin EMIAS na cikin gida?

A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Vladimir Makarov, mai kula da aikin EMIAS, a cikin hirarsa ga gidan rediyon Ekho Moskvy, ya ba da ra'ayinsa [39] cewa babu wani abu kamar cikakken tsaro ta yanar gizo: “A koyaushe akwai haɗarin zubar da bayanai. Dole ne ku saba da gaskiyar cewa sakamakon amfani da kowane fasaha na zamani shine cewa komai game da ku na iya zama sananne. Hatta manyan jami’an jihohi suna bude akwatunan wasiku na lantarki.” Dangane da haka, za mu iya ambaton wani lamari na baya-bayan nan inda aka yi wa sakwannin imel na 'yan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya kusan 90 sukuni.
A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2015, Ma'aikatar Fasaha ta Moscow ta yi magana [40] game da mahimman mahimman bayanai guda huɗu na ISIS (tsarin tsaro na bayanan haɗin kai) don EMIAS: 1) kariya ta jiki - ana adana bayanai akan sabobin zamani waɗanda ke cikin wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, samun damar yin amfani da su. an tsara shi sosai; 2) Kariyar software - ana watsa bayanai ta hanyar rufaffiyar hanyar ta hanyoyin sadarwa masu aminci; Bugu da ƙari, za a iya samun bayanai akan majiyyaci ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda; 3) damar samun izini ga bayanai - an gano likitan ta hanyar katin wayo na sirri; Ga majiyyaci, an ba da ganewar abubuwa biyu bisa tsarin inshorar likita na tilas da ranar haihuwa.
4) Ana adana bayanan likita da na sirri daban-daban, a cikin rumbun adana bayanai daban-daban guda biyu, wadanda ke kara tabbatar da tsaronsu; Sabis na EMIAS suna tara bayanan likita a cikin nau'ikan da ba a san su ba: ziyarar likita, alƙawura, takaddun shaida na rashin iya aiki, kwatance, takaddun magani da sauran cikakkun bayanai; da bayanan sirri - lambar manufar inshorar likita ta tilas, sunan ƙarshe, sunan farko, sunan mahaifi, jinsi da ranar haifuwa - suna ƙunshe a cikin bayanan bayanan Asusun Inshorar Lafiya na Tilas na birnin Moscow; bayanai daga waɗannan ma'ajin bayanai guda biyu ana haɗa su a gani kawai a kan saka idanu na likita, bayan gano shi.
Duk da haka, duk da alamun rashin daidaituwa na irin wannan kariyar ta EMIAS, fasahar zamani ta cyber-attack, wanda cikakkun bayanai ke cikin jama'a, ya sa ya yiwu a yi hack ko da irin wannan kariya. Duba, alal misali, bayanin harin da aka kai akan sabon mai binciken Microsoft Edge - in babu kurakuran software kuma tare da duk kariyar da ke aiki. [62] <> Bugu da ƙari, rashin kurakurai a cikin lambar shirin wani abu ne a cikin kanta. Kara karantawa game da wannan a cikin gabatarwar "Asirin Datti na Masu Kare Cyber." [63]
A ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2017, saboda wani babban harin yanar gizo, asibitin Invitro ya dakatar da tattara tarin kwayoyin halitta da bayar da sakamakon gwaji a Rasha, Belarus da Kazakhstan. [64]
A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2017, Kaspesky Lab ya rubuta [60] 45 dubu 74 da suka samu nasarar hare-haren yanar gizo na cutar ransomware na WannaCry a cikin kasashe 15; Bugu da kari, akasarin wadannan hare-hare sun faru ne a yankin kasar Rasha. Bayan kwana uku (Mayu 2017, 61), kamfanin riga-kafi na Avast ya rubuta [200] riga 13 dubu 2017 hare-haren yanar gizo na cutar ransomware na WannaCry kuma ya ruwaito cewa fiye da rabin wadannan hare-haren sun faru a Rasha. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na BBC ya ruwaito (Mayu 61, XNUMX) cewa a Rasha, ma'aikatar lafiya, ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida, babban bankin kasa da kwamitin bincike, da dai sauransu, sun kamu da cutar. [XNUMX]
Sai dai, cibiyoyin yada labarai na wadannan da sauran sassan kasar ta Rasha, baki daya sun bayyana cewa, hare-haren ta yanar gizo na kwayar cutar WannaCry, duk da cewa sun faru, ba su yi nasara ba. Yawancin wallafe-wallafen harshen Rashanci game da abubuwan da ba su da kyau tare da WannaCry, suna ambaton ɗaya ko wata hukumar Rasha, da sauri suna ƙara wani abu kamar: "Amma bisa ga bayanan hukuma, ba a yi barna ba." A gefe guda kuma, 'yan jaridu na Yamma suna da yakinin cewa sakamakon harin yanar gizo na kwayar cutar WannaCry ya fi dacewa fiye da yadda aka gabatar a cikin harshen Rashanci. Jaridun Yamma suna da kwarin guiwa kan hakan ta yadda har ma sun kawar da zargin da Rasha ke yi na hannu a wannan harin ta yanar gizo. Wanene zai fi amincewa da shi - kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma ko na cikin gida - al'amari ne na kowa da kowa. Yana da kyau a yi la’akari da cewa duka ɓangarorin biyu suna da nasu dalilai na wuce gona da iri da kuma raina tabbatattun gaskiya.

Menene halin da ake ciki tare da cybersecurity na tsarin bayanan likita - a cikin lambobi?

A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2017, Rebecca Weintrab (babban likitan PhD a Brigham da Asibitin Mata) da Joram Borenstein (injin tsaro na cybersecurity), a cikin labarin haɗin gwiwa da aka buga a cikin shafukan Harvard Business Review, sun bayyana [18] cewa zamanin dijital ya yi yawa. sauƙaƙa tarin bayanan likita.Bayanai da musayar bayanan likita tsakanin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya daban-daban: a yau, bayanan likitancin marasa lafiya sun zama wayar hannu da šaukuwa. Koyaya, waɗannan jin daɗin dijital suna zuwa akan tsadar haɗarin tsaro ta yanar gizo ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2017, kamfanin dillancin labarai na SmartBrief ya bayar da rahoton [24] cewa, a cikin watanni biyu na farkon shekarar 2017, an samu kusan 250 abubuwan da suka shafi tsaro ta intanet, wanda ya haifar da satar bayanan sirri fiye da miliyan guda. Kashi 50% na waɗannan al'amuran sun faru ne a cikin ƙananan masana'antu da matsakaita (ba tare da ɓangaren kiwon lafiya ba). Kusan kashi 30% na cikin sashin kiwon lafiya. Ba da daɗewa ba, a ranar 16 ga Maris, wannan hukumar ta ba da rahoton [22] cewa jagoran abubuwan da suka faru na tsaro ta yanar gizo a halin yanzu a cikin 2017 shine sashin kiwon lafiya.
A ranar 17 ga Janairu, 2013, Michael Greg, shugaban kamfanin ba da shawara kan tsaro ta yanar gizo Smart Solutions, ya ruwaito [21] cewa a cikin 2012, 94% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun kasance wadanda ke fama da leken asirin sirri. Wannan shine 65% fiye da na 2010-2011. Ko da mafi muni, 45% na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun ba da rahoton cewa keta bayanan sirri suna ƙara tsananta a kan lokaci; kuma sun yarda cewa suna da irin wannan leaks fiye da biyar a cikin lokacin 2012-2013. Kuma kasa da rabin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna da tabbacin cewa za a iya hana irin wannan yoyon, ko kuma a kalla a iya gano cewa sun faru.
Michael Greg kuma ya ruwaito [21] cewa a cikin lokacin 2010-2012, a cikin shekaru uku kawai, fiye da marasa lafiya miliyan 20 sun zama wadanda ke fama da sata na EHRs, wanda ke dauke da bayanan sirri masu mahimmanci: cututtuka, hanyoyin magani, bayanin biyan kuɗi, bayanan inshora, zamantakewa. inshora lambar tsaro da ƙari mai yawa. Mai laifin cyber wanda ya saci EHR zai iya amfani da bayanan da aka samo daga gare ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban (duba sakin layi "Yaya satar lambobin Tsaron Jama'a ke da alaƙa da masana'antar aikata laifuka na jabu?"). Duk da haka, duk da wannan, tsaro na EHRs a cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sau da yawa ya fi rauni fiye da tsaro na imel na sirri.
A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2014, Mike Orkut, kwararre a fasaha a MIT, ya bayyana [10] cewa abubuwan da suka faru na kamuwa da cutar ransomware suna karuwa a kowace shekara. A cikin 2014, an sami ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru 600% fiye da na 2013. Bugu da ƙari, FBI ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton [26] cewa fiye da 2016 lokuta na satar dijital suna faruwa kowace rana a cikin 4000 - sau hudu fiye da na 2015. A lokaci guda, ba kawai yanayin girma a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware ba ne mai ban tsoro; Hare-haren da ake kaiwa a hankali a hankali yana da ban tsoro. Mafi yawan hare-haren irin wadannan hare-hare sun hada da cibiyoyin kudi, dillalai da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2017, kamfanin dillancin labarai na BBC ya buga [23] rahoton Verizon na 2017, wanda kashi 72% na abubuwan da suka faru na ransomware sun faru a fannin kiwon lafiya. Haka kuma, a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata adadin irin wadannan abubuwan ya karu da kashi 50%.
A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2017, Harvard Business Review ya buga [18] rahoton da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta Amurka ta bayar, wanda ya ba da rahoton cewa an sace sama da EHRs miliyan 2015 a cikin 113. A 2016 - fiye da miliyan 16. A lokaci guda, duk da cewa idan aka kwatanta da 2016 akwai raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin abubuwan da suka faru, yanayin gaba ɗaya yana ci gaba da girma. A farkon 2017, tanki na Expirian ya bayyana [27] cewa kiwon lafiya shine mafi mashahuri manufa ga masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo.
Fitar bayanan marasa lafiya a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya a hankali yana zama [37] daya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi girma a fannin kiwon lafiya. Don haka, a cewar InfoWatch, a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata (2005-2006), kowace ƙungiyar likita ta biyu ta ba da bayanai game da marasa lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, 60% na leaks bayanai suna faruwa ba ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwa ba, amma ta hanyar takamaiman mutane waɗanda ke ɗaukar bayanan sirri a wajen ƙungiyar. Kashi 40% na leaks ɗin bayanai suna faruwa ne saboda dalilai na fasaha. Hanya mafi rauni [36] a cikin tsaro ta yanar gizo na tsarin bayanan likita shine mutane. Kuna iya kashe kuɗi masu yawa don ƙirƙirar tsarin tsaro, kuma ma'aikaci mai ƙarancin albashi zai sayar da bayanai akan kashi dubu na wannan farashi.

Shin ƙwayoyin cuta na kwamfuta za su iya cutar da kayan aikin likita?

A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2012, David Talbot, masanin fasaha a MIT, ya ruwaito [1] cewa kayan aikin likitancin da ake amfani da su a cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ƙara yin amfani da kwamfuta, suna ƙara wayo, kuma suna daɗaɗɗa don sake tsarawa; kuma yana ƙara samun aikin tallafin cibiyar sadarwa. Sakamakon haka, kayan aikin likitanci suna ƙara zama masu saurin kamuwa da hare-haren yanar gizo da kamuwa da cuta. Matsalar ta kara dagulewa kasancewar masana’antun gaba daya ba sa barin kayan aikinsu su canza, har ma don tabbatar da tsaron Intanet.
Misali, a cikin 2009, tsutsa na cibiyar sadarwa ta Conficker ta shiga cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Beth Isra'ila kuma ta kamu da wasu kayan aikin likitancin da ke wurin, gami da wurin aikin kula da haihuwa (daga Philips) da wurin aikin fluoroscopy (daga General Electric). Don hana faruwar irin wannan lamari a nan gaba, John Halmack, CIO na cibiyar kiwon lafiya-kuma farfesa na PhD a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard-ya yanke shawarar kashe ayyukan sadarwar kayan aikin. Duk da haka, ya fuskanci gaskiyar cewa kayan aikin "ba za a iya sabunta su ba saboda ƙuntatawa na tsari." Ya ɗauki ƙoƙari mai yawa don yin shawarwari tare da masana'antun don kashe ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa. Koyaya, yin layi ba ya da nisa daga ingantaccen bayani. Musamman a cikin yanayi na haɓaka haɗin kai da haɗin kai na na'urorin likitanci. [1]
Wannan ya shafi kayan aikin “masu wayo” waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Amma kuma akwai na'urorin likitanci waɗanda za a iya sawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da famfunan insulin da na'urorin da aka dasa a bugun zuciya. Suna ƙara fuskantar hare-haren yanar gizo da ƙwayoyin cuta na kwamfuta. [1] A matsayin tsokaci, ana iya kuma iya lura cewa a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2017 (ranar nasara ta WannaCry ransomware virus), daya daga cikin likitocin zuciya ya ruwaito [28] cewa a tsakiyar aikin zuciya ya kasance. aiki, kwamfutoci da yawa sun sami matsala mai tsanani - duk da haka , an yi sa'a, har yanzu ya sami nasarar kammala aikin.

Yaya haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware suke ga sashin kiwon lafiya?

A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2016, Mohammed Ali, Shugaba na Kamfanin Tsaro na Intanet na Carbonite, ya bayyana[19] a cikin Binciken Kasuwancin Harvard cewa ransomware wani nau'in cutar kwamfuta ne wanda ke kulle mai amfani daga tsarin su; har sai an biya kudin fansa. Virus na ransomware yana rufawa rumbun adana bayanan sirri, sakamakon haka mai amfani ya rasa damar samun bayanai a kwamfutarsa, kuma kwayar ransomware ta bukaci a biya kudin fansa domin samar da maballin cire bayanan. Don guje wa cin karo da jami'an tsaro, masu laifi suna amfani da hanyoyin biyan kuɗi da ba a san su ba kamar Bitcoin. [19]
Mohammed Ali ya kuma bayar da rahoto [19] cewa masu rarraba ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware sun gano cewa mafi kyawun farashin fansa lokacin da ake kai wa talakawa hari da ƙananan ƴan kasuwa daga $300 zuwa $500. Wannan adadi ne da mutane da yawa ke shirye su rabu da su - suna fuskantar hasashen asarar duk ajiyar dijital su. [19]
A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2016, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Guardian ya ruwaito [13] cewa, sakamakon kamuwa da cutar ransomware, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center sun rasa hanyar yin amfani da na'urorin kwamfuta. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta wa likitoci yin sadarwa ta hanyar fax, an tilasta wa ma’aikatan jinya rubuta tarihin likitanci a kan takardun likitancin tsofaffi, kuma an tilasta wa marasa lafiya tafiya asibiti don karbar sakamakon gwaji da mutum.
A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2016, gudanarwa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Hollywood Presbyterian ta fitar [30] bayanin da ke gaba: “A yammacin ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, ma’aikatanmu sun rasa damar shiga cibiyar sadarwar asibiti. Malware sun kulle kwamfutocin mu kuma sun ɓoye duk fayilolin mu. Nan take aka sanar da hukumomin tsaro. Kwararrun tsaro na intanet sun taimaka maido da hanyar shiga kwamfutocin mu. Adadin kudin fansa da aka nema ya kai bitcoins 40 ($17000). Hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi inganci don dawo da tsarinmu da ayyukan gudanarwa shine biyan fansa da sauransu. sami maɓallin ɓoyewa. Domin dawo da aikin tsarin asibitoci, an tilasta mana yin hakan.”
A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2017, jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito [28] cewa, sakamakon waki'ar WannaCry, wasu asibitoci sun gurgunce ta yadda ba za su iya buga sunayen jarirai ba. A asibitoci, an gaya wa marasa lafiya, "Ba za mu iya yi muku hidima ba saboda kwamfutocinmu sun karye." Wannan ba sabon abu ba ne don ji a manyan birane kamar London.

Idan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Intanet suna da haɗari sosai, me yasa masana'antun na'urorin likitanci suke sarrafa na'urorinsu na kwamfuta?

A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2008, Christina Grifantini, ƙwararriyar fasaha ta MIT, ta lura a cikin labarinta "Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya: Age of Plug and Play" [2]: Tsari mai ban tsoro na sababbin na'urorin kiwon lafiya masu wayo a asibitoci sun yi alkawarin kula da marasa lafiya mafi kyau. Sai dai matsalar ita ce, galibin wadannan na’urori ba su dace da juna ba, ko da kuwa masana’anta iri daya ne suka kera su. Don haka, likitoci suna da buƙatu na gaggawa don haɗa duk kayan aikin likita cikin hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta guda ɗaya.
A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2009, Douglas Roseindale, ƙwararren masanin kula da lafiyar tsofaffin tsofaffi kuma Farfesa na PhD a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, ya bayyana [2] buƙatar gaggawar haɗa kayan aikin likita cikin kwamfuta a cikin waɗannan kalmomi: “Akwai tsarin mallakar mallaka da yawa a yau tare da rufaffiyar gine-gine, daga masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban - amma matsalar ita ce ba za su iya hulɗa da juna ba. Kuma wannan yana haifar da matsaloli wajen kula da marasa lafiya."
Lokacin da na'urorin likitanci ke yin ma'auni masu zaman kansu kuma ba su musanya su da juna ba, ba za su iya tantance yanayin majiyyaci gabaɗaya ba, sabili da haka ƙara ƙararrawa a ɗan karkatar da alamomi daga al'ada, tare da ko ba tare da dalili ba. Wannan yana haifar da babbar matsala ga ma'aikatan jinya, musamman a cikin sashin kulawa mai zurfi, inda akwai na'urori masu zaman kansu da yawa. Ba tare da haɗin yanar gizo da tallafi ba, sashin kulawa mai zurfi zai zama gidan hauka. Haɗin kai da goyan bayan cibiyar sadarwa na gida yana ba da damar daidaita ayyukan na'urorin likita da tsarin bayanan likita (musamman ma'amalar waɗannan na'urori tare da EHRs na marasa lafiya), wanda ke haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin ƙararrawar ƙarya. [2]
Asibitoci suna da kayan aiki na zamani da yawa, masu tsada waɗanda ba sa tallafawa hanyar sadarwa. Tare da buƙatar haɗin kai na gaggawa, asibitoci ko dai a hankali suna maye gurbin wannan kayan aiki tare da sababbi, ko kuma gyara shi ta yadda za a iya haɗa shi cikin hanyar sadarwa gaba ɗaya. Har ila yau, har ma da sababbin kayan aiki da aka ƙera ta la'akari da yiwuwar haɗin kai, wannan matsala ba a warware gaba ɗaya ba. Domin kowane mai kera na'urorin likitanci, wanda gasa ta har abada ke yi, yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa na'urorinsa za su iya haɗawa da juna kawai. Koyaya, yawancin sassan gaggawa suna buƙatar takamaiman haɗin na'urori waɗanda babu mai ƙira ɗaya da zai iya bayarwa. Saboda haka, zabar masana'anta ɗaya ba zai magance matsalar daidaitawa ba. Wannan wata matsala ce da ke kan hanyar haɗin kai. Kuma asibitoci suna kashe kudade sosai don magance ta. Domin in ba haka ba, kayan aikin da ba su dace da juna ba, za su mayar da asibitin tare da kararrawar sa na karya, ya zama gidan hauka. [2]
A kan Yuni 13, 2017, Peter Pronovost, likita tare da PhD kuma mataimakin darektan kare lafiyar marasa lafiya a Johns Hopkins Medicine, ya raba tunaninsa game da buƙatar kwamfuta na kayan aikin likita a Harvard Business Review: "Misali, na'ura mai taimakawa numfashi. . Mafi kyawun yanayin samun iska don huhun majiyyaci ya dogara kai tsaye akan tsayin majiyyaci. Ana adana tsayin mai haƙuri a cikin EHR. A matsayinka na mai mulki, na'urar numfashi ba ta hulɗa tare da EHR, don haka likitoci dole ne su sami wannan bayanin da hannu, yin wasu ƙididdiga akan takarda, kuma da hannu saita sigogi na na'urar numfashi. Idan an haɗa na'urorin numfashi da kuma EHR ta hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta, wannan aikin na iya zama mai sarrafa kansa. Hakanan ana samun irin wannan tsarin kula da kayan aikin likita a tsakanin sauran na'urorin likitanci da dama. Don haka, dole ne likitoci su yi ɗaruruwan ayyuka na yau da kullun a kowace rana; wanda ke tare da kurakurai - ko da yake ba kasafai ba, amma ba makawa.
Sabbin gadajen asibiti na kwamfuta suna sanye da saitin na'urori masu auna firikwensin fasaha waɗanda za su iya lura da nau'ikan ma'auni iri-iri na majiyyaci da ke kwance a kai. Misali, wadannan gadaje, ta hanyar lura da yanayin motsin majiyyaci akan gado, na iya tantance ko majiyyaci na cikin hadarin kamuwa da ciwon gadaje. Wadannan manyan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da kashi 30% na farashin gado duka. Duk da haka, ba tare da haɗa na'urar kwamfuta ba, wannan "gado mai wayo" ba zai yi amfani da shi ba - saboda ba zai iya samun harshen gama gari tare da wasu na'urorin likitanci ba. Ana lura da irin wannan yanayin tare da "masu saka idanu mara waya mai wayo" waɗanda ke auna ƙimar zuciya, MOC, hawan jini, da dai sauransu. Ba tare da haɗa duk waɗannan kayan aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta ɗaya ba, kuma sama da duka tabbatar da hulɗar kai tsaye tare da EHRs na marasa lafiya, ba zai zama da amfani ba. [17]

Me yasa masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo suka sauya daga bangaren kudi da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya?

A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2016, Julia Cherry, wakiliya ta musamman ga Guardian, ta bayyana yadda ta lura cewa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun fi sha'awar masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo saboda tsarin bayanan su - godiya ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na kasa baki daya don tantance bayanan kiwon lafiya - yana kunshe da wadata iri-iri. bayani. Ya haɗa da lambobin katin kiredit, bayanin haƙuri na sirri, da bayanan lafiya masu mahimmanci. [13]
A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2014, Jim Finkle, wani manazarcin yanar gizo daga kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters, ya bayyana [12] cewa masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo suna ƙoƙarin bin layin mafi ƙarancin juriya. Tsarin tsaro na yanar gizo na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun fi rauni sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran sassan da suka riga sun gane wannan matsala kuma sun dauki matakan da suka dace. Shi ya sa masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo ke sha'awar su.
A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2016, Mike Orkut, masanin fasaha a MIT, ya ruwaito cewa sha'awar masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo a cikin sashin kiwon lafiya shine saboda dalilai biyar masu zuwa: 1) Yawancin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun riga sun canza duk takardunsu da katunan su zuwa nau'i na dijital; sauran suna cikin aiwatar da irin wannan canjin. Waɗannan katunan sun ƙunshi bayanan sirri waɗanda ke da ƙima sosai akan kasuwar baƙar fata ta Darknet. 2) Tsaron Intanet ba fifiko ba ne a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya; sukan yi amfani da tsofaffin tsarin kuma ba sa kula da su yadda ya kamata. 3) Bukatar samun saurin samun bayanai a cikin yanayin gaggawa sau da yawa ya fi buƙatar tsaro, yana sa asibitoci su yi watsi da tsaro ta yanar gizo ko da sanin sakamakon da zai iya faruwa. 4) Asibitoci suna haɗa ƙarin na'urori zuwa hanyar sadarwar su, suna ba wa miyagu ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don kutsawa cikin hanyar sadarwar asibiti. 5) Halin zuwa ƙarin keɓaɓɓen magani - musamman buƙatar majiyyata don samun cikakkiyar damar yin amfani da EHRs ɗin su - ya sa MIS ta zama maƙasudin samun dama. [14]
Sassan tallace-tallace da na kuɗi sun daɗe suna zama sanannen hari ga masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo. Yayin da bayanan da aka sace daga wadannan cibiyoyi suka mamaye kasuwar baƙar fata ta yanar gizo mai duhu, sai ya zama mai rahusa, wanda hakan ya sa miyagu ke sata su sayar. Saboda haka, mugayen mutane yanzu suna bincika sabon sashe mai fa'ida. [12]
A kasuwar baƙar fata ta Darknet, katunan likitanci sun fi lambobin katin kiredit daraja da yawa. Da fari dai, saboda ana iya amfani da su don shiga asusun banki da kuma samun takardun magani don sarrafa magunguna. Na biyu, saboda gaskiyar satar katin likitanci da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba ya fi wahala a gano shi, kuma lokaci ya wuce tun daga lokacin da aka zagi har zuwa lokacin ganowa fiye da yadda ake amfani da katin kiredit. [12]
A cewar Dell, wasu musamman masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo suna haɗa wasu bayanan kiwon lafiya da aka samo daga bayanan likitancin da aka sace tare da wasu mahimman bayanai, da sauransu. Suna tattara fakitin takardun karya. Ana kiran waɗannan fakitin "fullz" da "kitz" a cikin jargon baƙar fata. Farashin kowane irin wannan fakitin ya wuce $1000. [12]
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2016, Tom Simont, masanin fasaha a MIT, ya ce [4] cewa babban bambanci tsakanin barazanar yanar gizo a bangaren kiwon lafiya shine tsananin sakamakon da suka yi alkawari. Misali, idan kun rasa damar yin amfani da imel ɗin aikinku, za ku ji haushi a zahiri; duk da haka, rasa damar yin amfani da bayanan likita waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanan da ake buƙata don kula da marasa lafiya wani lamari ne gaba ɗaya.
Saboda haka, ga masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo - waɗanda suka fahimci cewa wannan bayanin yana da matukar amfani ga likitoci - sashin likitanci yana da matukar ban sha'awa. Don haka mai ban sha'awa da suke saka jari mai mahimmanci a koyaushe - don haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware har ma da ci gaba; don tsayawa mataki ɗaya gaba a cikin gwagwarmayar har abada tare da tsarin rigakafi. Yawan kuɗaɗe masu ban sha'awa da suke tarawa ta hanyar fansa yana ba su damar kashe kuɗi da yawa akan wannan saka hannun jari, kuma yana biya da kyau. [4]

Me yasa cututtuka na ransomware suka karu kuma suna ci gaba da karuwa a bangaren likita?

A kan Yuni 1, 2017, Rebecca Weintrab (babban jami'in likita a Brigham da Asibitin Mata) da Joram Borenstein (injin tsaro na cybersecurity) sun buga [18] a cikin Harvard Business Review sakamakon binciken haɗin gwiwa game da tsaro na yanar gizo a cikin sashin kiwon lafiya. An gabatar da mahimman saƙonni daga binciken su a ƙasa.
Babu wata kungiya da ta tsira daga hacking. Wannan ita ce gaskiyar da muke rayuwa a ciki, kuma wannan gaskiyar ta bayyana musamman lokacin da kwayar cutar fansa ta WannaCry ta fashe a tsakiyar watan Mayun 2017, inda ta harba cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da sauran kungiyoyi a duniya. [18]
A cikin 2016, masu gudanarwa a wani babban asibiti, Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, ba zato ba tsammani sun gano cewa sun rasa damar samun bayanai akan kwamfutocin su. Likitoci sun kasa samun damar EHRs na majiyyatan su; har ma da naku rahotanni. Dukkan bayanan da ke kan kwamfutocinsu an rufaffen su da kwayar cutar ransomware. Yayin da maharan suka yi garkuwa da dukkanin bayanan asibitin, an tilastawa likitoci tura abokan huldarsu zuwa wasu asibitoci. Sun rubuta komai a takarda na tsawon makonni biyu har sai da suka yanke shawarar biyan kudin fansa da maharan suka nema - $17000 (40 bitcoins). Ba a iya gano abin da aka biya ba, tun da an biya kuɗin fansa ta tsarin biyan kuɗi na Bitcoin wanda ba a san shi ba. Idan ƙwararrun tsaron yanar gizo sun ji shekaru biyu da suka gabata cewa masu yanke shawara za su yi mamakin canza kuɗi zuwa cryptocurrency don biyan fansa ga mai haɓaka ƙwayar cuta, da ba za su yarda ba. Duk da haka, a yau abin da ya faru ke nan. Mutanen yau da kullun, ƙananan masu kasuwanci da manyan kamfanoni duk suna ƙarƙashin barazanar fansa. [19]
Dangane da aikin injiniyan zamantakewa, ba a sake aika saƙon imel ɗin da ke ɗauke da munanan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da haɗe-haɗe a madadin dangi na ketare waɗanda ke son yin wasiyya da wani ɓangare na dukiyarsu don musanya bayanan sirri. A yau, saƙon imel ɗin saƙon saƙo ne da aka shirya da kyau, ba tare da buga rubutu ba; sau da yawa ana canza su azaman takaddun hukuma tare da tambura da sa hannu. Wasu daga cikinsu ba a bambance su da wasiƙun kasuwanci na yau da kullun ko kuma daga halaltattun sanarwa don sabunta aikace-aikacen. Wani lokaci masu yanke shawara da ke yin zaɓin ma'aikata suna karɓar wasiƙu daga ɗan takara mai ƙwarin gwiwa tare da ci gaba da maƙala wa wasiƙar, wacce ke ɗauke da ƙwayar cuta ta ransomware. [19]
Koyaya, injiniyan zamantakewa na ci gaba ba shi da kyau sosai. Mafi muni shine gaskiyar cewa ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware na iya faruwa ba tare da sa hannun mai amfani kai tsaye ba. Kwayoyin ransomware na iya yaduwa ta ramukan tsaro; ko ta aikace-aikace na gado mara kariya. Aƙalla kowane mako, sabon nau'in ƙwayar cuta na ransomware yana bayyana; da adadin hanyoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware ke shiga cikin tsarin kwamfuta yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. [19]
Misali, dangane da kwayar cutar ransomware na WannaCry... Da farko (15 ga Mayu, 2017), masana tsaro sun cimma matsaya [25] cewa babban dalilin cutar da tsarin kiwon lafiyar kasar Burtaniya shi ne, asibitoci suna amfani da wani tsohon sigar aikin Windows. tsarin - XP (asibitoci suna amfani da wannan tsarin saboda yawancin kayan aikin asibiti masu tsada ba su dace da sabbin nau'ikan Windows ba). Sai dai kuma, daga baya kadan (22 ga Mayu, 2017) ya bayyana [29] cewa yunƙurin tafiyar da WannaCry akan Windows XP yakan haifar da hatsarin kwamfuta, ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba; kuma yawancin injinan da suka kamu da cutar suna amfani da Windows 7. Bugu da kari, da farko an yi imani da cewa kwayar cutar WannaCry ta yadu ta hanyar phishing, amma daga baya wannan kwayar cutar ta yada kanta, kamar tsutsa na cibiyar sadarwa, ba tare da taimakon mai amfani ba.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai injunan bincike na musamman waɗanda ba don shafukan yanar gizo ba, amma don kayan aiki na jiki. Ta hanyar su za ku iya gano a wane wuri, a wane asibiti, abin da kayan aiki ke haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa. [3]
Wani muhimmin abu a cikin yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware shine samun damar yin amfani da cryptocurrency na Bitcoin. Sauƙin karɓar kuɗi ba tare da sanin sunansa ba daga ko'ina cikin duniya yana haifar da haɓakar laifuka ta yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar tura kuɗi zuwa ga masu cin zarafi, ta haka za ku ƙarfafa maimaita cin zarafi akan ku. [19]
A lokaci guda kuma, masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo sun koyi ɗaukar hatta ma waɗancan tsarin da ke da mafi kyawun kariya na zamani da sabunta software; da ganowa da ɓoyewa yana nufin (wanda tsarin tsaro ke bi) ba koyaushe yana aiki ba; musamman ma idan harin an kai hari ne kuma na musamman. [19]
Koyaya, har yanzu akwai ingantacciyar hanyar magance ƙwayoyin cuta na ransomware: tallafawa mahimman bayanai. Don haka idan akwai matsala, za a iya dawo da bayanan cikin sauƙi. [19]

Likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya da marasa lafiya da WannaCry ya shafa - yaya ya kasance gare su?

A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2017, Sarah Marsh, 'yar jarida ta Guardian, ta yi hira da mutane da yawa waɗanda ke fama da cutar ta WannaCry ransomware don fahimtar yadda wannan lamarin ya kasance [5] ga waɗanda abin ya shafa (an canza sunaye don dalilai na sirri):
Sergey Petrovich, likita: Ba zan iya ba da kyakkyawar kulawa ga marasa lafiya ba. Duk yadda shugabannin suka yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan jama'a cewa abubuwan da suka faru ta yanar gizo ba su shafi lafiyar marasa lafiya na ƙarshe, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Ba ma iya ɗaukar X-ray lokacin da na'urorinmu na kwamfuta suka gaza. Kuma kusan babu wata hanyar likita da ta cika ba tare da waɗannan hotuna ba. Misali, a wannan maraice mai ban tsoro ina ganin majiyyaci kuma ina bukatar in aika masa don duba hoton hoton, amma da yake na’urorinmu na kwamfuta sun lalace, na kasa yin hakan. [5]
Vera Mikhailovna, mai haƙuri da ciwon nono: Bayan an yi min maganin chemotherapy, ina da nisa daga asibiti, amma a lokacin an kai hari ta hanyar yanar gizo. Kuma ko da yake an riga an kammala zaman, sai da na yi wasu sa’o’i da dama a asibiti, ina jiran a ba ni maganin. Matsalar ta taso ne saboda kafin a ba da magunguna, ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya na duba su don bin ka’idojin da aka ba su, kuma ana gudanar da wannan binciken ne ta hanyar na’ura mai kwakwalwa. Marasa lafiya na gaba a layin bayana sun riga sun kasance a cikin dakin don maganin chemotherapy; magungunan su ma an riga an kai su. Amma tun da yake ba zai yiwu a tabbatar da bin ka'idodin girke-girke ba, an jinkirta tsarin. An dage jinyar sauran marasa lafiya gabaɗaya zuwa washegari. [5]
Tatyana Ivanovna, ma'aikaciyar jinya: A ranar Litinin, ba mu sami damar duba EHRs na marasa lafiya da jerin alƙawuran da aka tsara a yau ba. Na kasance a bakin aiki a liyafar aikace-aikacen wannan karshen mako, don haka a ranar Litinin, lokacin da asibitinmu ya zama wanda aka azabtar da shi ta hanyar yanar gizo, dole ne in tuna ainihin wanda ya kamata ya zo wurin ganawa. An toshe hanyoyin sadarwa na asibitin mu. Ba za mu iya duba bayanan likita ba, ba za mu iya duba takardun magani ba; ba zai iya duba adiresoshin majiyyaci da bayanin lamba ba; takardun cika; duba sakamakon gwaji. [5]
Evgeniy Sergeevich, mai kula da tsarin: Yawanci la'asar Juma'a ita ce mafi yawan ayyukanmu. Haka ta kasance a yau Juma'a. Asibitin cike yake da jama'a, kuma ma'aikatan asibitin 5 suna bakin aiki don karbar buƙatun waya, kuma wayoyinsu ba su daina ƙara ba. Dukkan na’urorin kwamfutocin mu suna tafiya lafiya, amma da misalin karfe 15:00 na rana, duk allon kwamfuta sun yi baki. Likitocinmu da ma’aikatan jinya sun rasa damar yin amfani da EHRs na marasa lafiya, kuma ma’aikatan da ke kan amsa kira sun kasa shigar da buƙatu a cikin kwamfutar. [5]

Ta yaya masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo za su cutar da asibitin tiyata na filastik?

Kamar yadda aka ruwaito ta Guardian [6], a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2017, ƙungiyar masu laifi "Tsar's Guard" ta buga bayanan sirri na 25 dubu marasa lafiya na Lithuania likitan tiyata na filastik "Grozio Chirurgija". Ciki har da hotuna na sirri na sirri da aka ɗauka kafin, lokacin da kuma bayan ayyukan (ajiyensu yana da mahimmanci saboda ƙayyadaddun aikin asibitin); da kuma duba fasfo da lambobin tsaro na zamantakewa. Tun da asibitin yana da kyakkyawan suna da farashi mai ma'ana, mazaunan ƙasashe 60 ke amfani da sabis ɗinsa, gami da shahararrun mashahuran duniya [7]. Dukkansu sun kasance wadanda wannan lamari ya shafa ta yanar gizo.
Bayan 'yan watanni da suka gabata, bayan yin kutse cikin sabobin asibitin da kuma sace bayanai daga gare su, "masu gadi" sun bukaci fansa na bitcoins 300 (kimanin $ 800 dubu). Gudanar da asibitin ya ƙi yin aiki tare da "masu gadi," kuma sun kasance masu tsayi ko da lokacin da "masu gadi" suka rage farashin fansa zuwa 50 bitcoins (kimanin $ 120 dubu). [6]
Da yake rashin bege na karɓar fansa daga asibitin, "masu gadi" sun yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa abokan ciniki. A cikin Maris, sun buga hotunan marasa lafiya 150 a asibitin [8] a kan Darknet don tsoratar da wasu don yin lalata da kuɗi. "Masu gadi" sun nemi fansa daga Yuro 50 zuwa 2000, tare da biyan kuɗi a cikin Bitcoin, dangane da shaharar wanda aka azabtar da kuma kusancin bayanan da aka sace. Ba a san ainihin adadin majinyatan da aka yi wa bakin ba, amma da dama da abin ya shafa sun tuntubi ‘yan sanda. Yanzu, watanni uku bayan haka, Guards sun buga bayanan sirri na wasu abokan ciniki dubu 25. [6]

Mai laifin cyber ya sace katin likita - menene wannan ke nufi ga mai shi?

A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2016, Adam Levine, ƙwararren masani kan yanar gizo wanda ke shugabantar cibiyar bincike ta CyberScout, ya lura [9] cewa muna rayuwa ne a lokacin da bayanan likitanci suka fara haɗawa da adadi mai ban tsoro na kusancin kusanci: game da cututtuka, ganowa, jiyya. , da matsalolin lafiya. Idan a cikin hannun da ba daidai ba, ana iya amfani da wannan bayanin don cin riba daga kasuwar baƙar fata ta Darknet, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu aikata laifukan yanar gizo sukan kai hari ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2014, Mike Orkut, masanin fasaha a MIT, ya ce [10]: "Yayin da aka sace lambobin katin kiredit da lambobin tsaro na zaman jama'a da kansu suna raguwa da ƙarancin neman bayan kasuwar baƙar fata ta yanar gizo - bayanan likita, tare da dukiyar bayanan sirri, akwai a farashi mai kyau. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda yana ba wa wadanda ba su da inshora damar samun kulawar lafiyar da ba za su iya ba. ”
Ana iya amfani da katin likita da aka sace don samun kulawar likita a madadin wanda ya cancanci ya mallaki katin. Sakamakon haka, katin likitan zai ƙunshi bayanan likitancin wanda ya cancanta da kuma bayanan likitancin barawon. Bugu da ƙari, idan barawo ya sayar da katunan likitancin da ya sata ga wasu na uku, katin na iya ƙara gurɓata. Saboda haka, da isa asibiti, mai katin doka yana fuskantar haɗarin samun kulawar likita wanda zai dogara ne akan nau'in jinin wani, tarihin likitancin wani, jerin abubuwan rashin lafiyar wani, da dai sauransu. [9]
Bugu da ƙari, ɓarawon na iya ƙare iyakokin inshora na madaidaicin katin likita, wanda zai hana na biyu samun kulawar da ya dace lokacin da ake bukata. A mafi munin lokaci mai yiwuwa. Bayan haka, yawancin tsare-tsaren inshora suna da iyakokin shekara-shekara akan wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin da jiyya. Kuma tabbas babu wani kamfanin inshora da zai biya ku aikin tiyatar appendicitis guda biyu. [9]
Yin amfani da katin likita da aka sata, ɓarawo na iya yin amfani da takardun magani ba daidai ba. Tare da hana mai hakki damar samun magungunan da ya dace a lokacin da yake bukata. Bayan haka, takardun magani na magunguna yawanci iyakance ne. [9]
Rage manyan hare-haren intanet akan katunan bashi da zare kudi ba abu ne mai wahala ba. Kare hare-haren phishing da aka yi niyya yana da ɗan ƙarin matsala. Koyaya, idan ana batun sata da cin zarafi na EHR, laifin na iya zama kusan ganuwa. Idan an gano gaskiyar laifi, yawanci kawai a cikin yanayin gaggawa ne kawai, lokacin da sakamakon zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. [9]

Me yasa satar katin likitanci ke karuwa?

A cikin Maris na 2017, Cibiyar Yaki da Satar Shaida ta ba da rahoton cewa fiye da kashi 25% na leaks na sirri na faruwa a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Waɗannan laifukan sun jawo asarar dala biliyan 5,6 ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a kowace shekara. [18]
Katunan likitanci sune mafi zafi akan kasuwar baƙar fata ta Darknet. Ana sayar da katunan likitanci a can akan dala 50 kowanne. Idan aka kwatanta, lambobin katin kiredit suna siyarwa akan $1 kowanne akan gidan yanar gizo mai duhu—sau 50 mai rahusa fiye da katunan likitanci. Bukatar katunan likita kuma yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa su wani abu ne da ake iya cinyewa a cikin ayyukan jabun takardun aikata laifuka. [18]
Idan ba za a iya samun mai siya don katunan likitanci ba, maharin na iya amfani da katin likitan da kansa kuma ya yi sata na gargajiya: katunan likitanci sun ƙunshi isassun bayanai don buɗe katin kiredit, buɗe asusun banki ko ɗaukar lamuni a madadin wanda aka azabtar. [18]
Samun katin likitanci da aka sace a hannu, mai laifin yanar gizo, alal misali, na iya kai wani hadadden harin da aka yi niyya na phishing (a alamance, zare mashi na phishing), yana nuna banki: “Barka da rana, mun san cewa za a yi muku tiyata. . Kar ku manta da biyan kuɗin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa ta hanyar bin wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa." Kuma sai ku yi tunani: "To, tun da sun san cewa ana yi mini tiyata gobe, tabbas wasiƙa ce daga banki." Idan maharin ya kasa fahimtar yuwuwar katunan likitan da aka sace, zai iya amfani da kwayar cutar ransomware don karbar kudi daga cibiyar kiwon lafiya - don maido da hanyar da aka toshe hanyoyin da bayanai. [18]
Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun yi jinkirin ɗaukar ayyukan tsaro ta yanar gizo waɗanda aka riga aka kafa su a wasu masana'antu, abin ban mamaki tunda ana buƙatar cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya don kiyaye sirrin likita. Bugu da kari, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya galibi suna da karancin kasafin kudin yanar gizo da kuma karancin kwararrun kwararrun tsaron intanet fiye da, misali, cibiyoyin kudi. [18]
Tsarin IT na likitanci yana da alaƙa da sabis na kuɗi. Misali, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na iya samun sassauƙan tsare-tsare na tanadi na gaggawa, tare da katunan biyan kuɗi na kansu ko asusun ajiyar kuɗi - suna riƙe da adadin adadi shida. [18]
Ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya kuma suna ba wa ma'aikatansu tsarin kiwon lafiya ɗaya. Wannan yana ba maharin damar, ta hanyar yin kutse ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don samun damar samun bayanan sirri na abokan cinikin cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Ba a ma maganar gaskiyar cewa mai aiki da kansa zai iya yin aiki a matsayin mai kai hari - a hankali yana sayar da bayanan likita na ma'aikatansa ga wasu kamfanoni. [18]
Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna da sarƙoƙi masu yawa da kuma jerin jerin masu ba da kayayyaki waɗanda aka haɗa su ta hanyar lambobi. Ta hanyar yin kutse cikin tsarin IT na cibiyar kiwon lafiya, maharin kuma na iya ɗaukar tsarin masu samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, masu ba da kayayyaki da ke da alaƙa da cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta hanyar sadarwar dijital a cikin kansu wani wuri ne mai jaraba ga mai kai hari a cikin tsarin IT na cibiyar kiwon lafiya. [18]
A wasu yankunan, tsaro ya zama mai sarkakiya, don haka maharan dole ne su binciko wani sabon sashe - inda ake yin mu'amala ta hanyar kayan masarufi da software masu rauni. [18]

Ta yaya satar lambar Social Security ke da alaƙa da masana'antar jabun takaddun laifi?

A ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2015, kamfanin dillancin labarai na Tom's Guide ya bayyana [31] yadda rubutun jabu na yau da kullun ya bambanta da na ɗaya. A mafi sauƙin tsari, daftarin aiki na jabu ya ƙunshi ɗan damfara kawai yana kwaikwayon wani yana amfani da sunan su, Lambar Tsaron Jama'a (SSN), da sauran bayanan sirri. Ana gano irin wannan gaskiyar ta zamba cikin sauri da sauƙi. A cikin haɗin kai, miyagu suna ƙirƙirar sabon mutum gaba ɗaya. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira takarda, suna ɗaukar ainihin SSN kuma suna ƙara bayanan sirri daga mutane daban-daban zuwa gare ta. Wannan dodo na Frankenstein, wanda aka dinka tare daga bayanan sirri na mutane daban-daban, ya fi wahalar ganowa fiye da mafi sauƙin jabu na takarda. Tun da mai zamba yana amfani da wasu bayanan kowane wanda aka azabtar kawai, zambansa ba zai tuntuɓi masu haƙƙin waɗannan bayanan sirri ba. Misali, lokacin kallon ayyukan SSN ɗin sa, mai shi na doka ba zai sami wani abin tuhuma a wurin ba.
Miyagun mutane na iya amfani da dodonsu na Frankenstein don samun aiki ko ɗaukar lamuni [31], ko buɗe kamfanonin harsashi [32]; don yin sayayya, samun lasisin tuƙi da fasfo [34]. Haka kuma, ko da a wajen karbar lamuni, yana da matukar wahala a gano gaskiyar jabun takardu, don haka idan ma’aikatan banki suka fara gudanar da bincike, to mai shari’a na wannan ko wancan na bayanan sirri. Wataƙila za a yi la'akari da su, kuma ba mahaliccin dodo na Frankenstein ba.
'Yan kasuwa marasa gaskiya na iya amfani da jabun takardu don yaudarar masu bashi - ta hanyar ƙirƙirar abin da ake kira. kasuwancin sandwich. Mahimmancin sanwici na kasuwanci shine cewa ƴan kasuwa marasa mutunci na iya ƙirƙira sunayen ƙarya da yawa kuma su gabatar da su a matsayin abokan cinikin kasuwancin su - don haka haifar da bayyanar kasuwanci mai nasara. Wannan yana sa su zama masu ban sha'awa ga masu ba da lamuni kuma yana ba su damar more sharuɗɗan lamuni masu dacewa. [33]
Sata da yin amfani da bayanan sirri sau da yawa ba su lura da mai shi na dogon lokaci ba, amma yana iya haifar masa da babbar matsala a mafi ƙarancin lokaci. Misali, halaltaccen mai riƙe da SSN zai iya neman fa'idodin Tsaron Jama'a kuma a ƙi shi saboda yawan kuɗin shiga wanda ya samo asali daga ƙirƙira sanwicin kasuwanci wanda ya yi amfani da SSN ɗin su. [33]
Daga 2007 zuwa yau, kasuwancin laifuka na biliyoyin daloli na jabun takardun shaida na tushen SSN ya zama sananne [34]. A lokaci guda, masu zamba sun fi son waɗannan SSNs waɗanda masu haƙƙinsu ba sa amfani da su sosai - waɗannan sun haɗa da SSN na yara da matattu. A cewar kamfanin dillancin labarai na CBC, a cikin 2014 abubuwan da suka faru a kowane wata sun kai dubunnan, yayin da a shekarar 2009 babu fiye da 100 a kowane wata. Girman girman wannan nau'in zamba - musamman tasirinsa ga bayanan sirri na yara - zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga matasa a nan gaba. [34]
Ana amfani da SSN na yara sau 50 fiye da manya SSNs a cikin wannan zamba. Wannan sha'awar SSNs na yara ta samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa SSNs na yara gabaɗaya ba sa aiki har sai aƙalla shekaru 18. Wannan. Idan iyayen yara ƙanana ba su riƙe yatsansu a bugun SSN ɗin su ba, ana iya hana ɗansu lasisin tuƙi ko lamunin ɗalibi a nan gaba. Hakanan zai iya rikitar da aiki idan bayanin game da ayyukan SSN mai ban tsoro ya zama samuwa ga mai yuwuwar aiki. [34]

A yau akwai magana da yawa game da bege da aminci na tsarin basirar wucin gadi. Yaya al'amura ke tafiya da wannan a fannin likitanci?

A cikin fitowar Yuni 2017 na MIT Technology Review, babban editan mujallar wanda ya kware a fasahar fasaha ta wucin gadi ya wallafa labarinsa "The Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence", wanda ya amsa wannan tambaya dalla-dalla. Muhimman abubuwan labarinsa [35]:
Tsarin basirar wucin gadi na zamani (AI) yana da sarkakiya ta yadda hatta injiniyoyin da suka tsara su sun kasa bayyana yadda AI ke yanke shawara ta musamman. A yau da kuma a nan gaba, ba zai yiwu a haɓaka tsarin AI ba wanda zai iya bayyana ayyukansa koyaushe. Fasaha ta "zurfafa ilmantarwa" ta tabbatar da yin tasiri sosai wajen magance matsalolin matsalolin da suka faru a cikin 'yan shekarun nan: hoton hoto da murya, fassarar harshe, aikace-aikacen likita. [35]
Ana ba da fata mai mahimmanci ga AI don gano cututtuka masu mutuwa da kuma yanke shawarwarin tattalin arziki masu rikitarwa; kuma AI ana sa ran zai zama tsakiyar masana'antu da yawa. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai faru ba - ko aƙalla bai kamata ya faru ba - har sai mun sami hanyar yin tsarin ilmantarwa mai zurfi wanda zai iya bayyana shawarar da ya yanke. In ba haka ba, ba za mu iya yin hasashen daidai lokacin da wannan tsarin zai gaza ba - kuma nan da nan ko ba dade zai yi kasala. [35]
Wannan matsala ta zama cikin gaggawa a yanzu, kuma a nan gaba za ta kara tsananta. Ya kasance yanke shawara na tattalin arziki, soja ko likita. Kwamfutocin da tsarin AI masu kama da juna ke gudana sun tsara kansu, kuma ta yadda ba mu da hanyar fahimtar “abin da ke zuciyarsu.” Me za mu iya ce game da masu amfani da ƙarshen, lokacin da ma injiniyoyin da suka tsara waɗannan tsarin ba su iya fahimta da bayyana halin su. Yayin da tsarin AI ke tasowa, nan ba da jimawa ba za mu ketare layin - idan ba mu rigaya ba - inda za mu buƙaci ɗaukar tsayin daka na bangaskiya cikin dogaro da AI. Tabbas, kasancewarmu mutane, mu kanmu ba za mu iya bayyana ra'ayoyinmu koyaushe ba, kuma galibi muna dogara ne akan hankali. Amma za mu iya ƙyale inji su yi tunani iri ɗaya - wanda ba a iya faɗi ba kuma ba za a iya bayyana shi ba? [35]
A cikin 2015, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Dutsen Sinai da ke birnin New York an yi wahayi zuwa yin amfani da manufar zurfafa ilmantarwa ga tarin bayanan bayanan marasa lafiya. Tsarin bayanan da aka yi amfani da shi don horar da tsarin AI ya haɗa da ɗaruruwan sigogi waɗanda aka saita bisa sakamakon gwaje-gwaje, bincike, gwaje-gwaje da bayanan likita. Shirin da ya sarrafa waɗannan bayanan ana kiransa "Deep Patient". An horar da ta ta hanyar amfani da bayanan marasa lafiya dubu 700. Lokacin gwada sabon rikodin, ya tabbatar da amfani sosai don tsinkayar cututtuka. Ba tare da wata hulɗa da ƙwararren ba, Deep Patient ya sami alamun da ke ɓoye a cikin bayanan likita - wanda AI ya yi imani da cewa mai haƙuri yana gab da samun matsala mai yawa, ciki har da ciwon hanta. Mun riga mun gwada hanyoyi daban-daban na tsinkaya, waɗanda suka yi amfani da bayanan likita na marasa lafiya da yawa a matsayin bayanan farko, amma sakamakon "Mai haƙuri mai zurfi" ba za a iya kwatanta su ba. Bugu da ƙari, akwai cikakkiyar nasarorin da ba zato ba tsammani: "Mai haƙuri mai zurfi" yana da kyau sosai wajen yin tsinkaya game da farawar cututtuka irin su schizophrenia. Amma tun da magungunan zamani ba su da kayan aikin da za su iya hango shi, tambayar ta taso yadda AI ta gudanar da hakan. Koyaya, Mai zurfafan haƙuri bai iya bayyana yadda yake yin hakan ba. [35]
Da kyau, irin waɗannan kayan aikin ya kamata su bayyana wa likitoci yadda suka zo ga ƙarshe - don, a ce, tabbatar da amfani da wani magani. Koyaya, tsarin basirar ɗan adam na zamani abin takaici ba zai iya yin hakan ba. Za mu iya ƙirƙirar irin wannan shirye-shirye, amma ba mu san yadda suke aiki ba. Zurfafa ilmantarwa ya jagoranci tsarin AI zuwa nasara mai fashewa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da irin waɗannan tsarin AI don yanke shawara mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antu irin su magani, kuɗi, masana'antu, da dai sauransu. Wataƙila wannan shi ne yanayin hankali da kansa - cewa kawai wani ɓangare na shi za a iya bayyana shi da hankali, yayin da akasari yana yin yanke shawara ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Amma menene wannan zai haifar idan muka ƙyale irin waɗannan tsarin don gano cutar kansa da kuma yin motsa jiki na soja? [35]

Shin sashin likitanci ya koyi wani darasi daga WannaCry?

A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2017, kamfanin dillancin labarai na BBC ya ruwaito [16] cewa daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke sa yin watsi da tsaro ta yanar gizo a cikin na'urorin likitanci masu sawa shine karancin karfin na'urar kwamfuta, saboda tsananin bukatu na girmansu. Wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci guda biyu daidai: rashin ilimin yadda ake rubuta amintaccen lamba da latsa lokacin ƙarshe don sakin samfurin ƙarshe.
A cikin wannan sakon, BBC ta lura [16] cewa, sakamakon binciken da aka yi a kan lambar shirin na daya daga cikin na'urorin bugun zuciya, an gano wasu lahani fiye da 8000 a cikinsa; da kuma cewa duk da yaɗuwar jama'a game da al'amuran tsaro ta yanar gizo da lamarin WannaCry ya fallasa, kashi 17% kawai na masana'antun na'urorin likitanci sun ɗauki takamaiman matakai don tabbatar da tsaro ta intanet na na'urorinsu. Dangane da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da suka yi nasarar gujewa karo da WannaCry, kashi 5% ne kawai daga cikinsu suka damu game da tantance amincin kayan aikinsu. Rahotannin na zuwa ne jim kadan bayan kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya sama da 60 a Burtaniya sun fuskanci wani hari ta yanar gizo.
A Yuni 13, 2017, wata daya bayan WannaCry ya faru, Peter Pronovost, likita tare da PhD da kuma mataimakin darektan kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya a Johns Hopkins Medicine, ya tattauna [17] a cikin Harvard Business Review game da kalubalen kalubale na haɗin gwiwar likita na kwamfuta. - bai ambaci wata kalma game da cybersecurity ba.
A ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2017, wata guda bayan waki'ar WannaCry, Robert Pearl, likita tare da digiri na uku kuma darektan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya guda biyu, suna tattaunawa [15] a cikin shafukan Harvard Business Review game da kalubale na zamani da masu haɓakawa da masu amfani da su ke fuskanta. Tsarin gudanarwa na EHR, - Bai ce uffan ba game da tsaro na intanet.
A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2017, wata guda bayan waki'ar WannaCry, gungun masana kimiyya da ke da digiri na uku daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, wadanda kuma su ne shugabannin manyan sassa na Asibitin Brigham da na Mata, sun buga sakamakonsu [20] a cikin shafukan yanar gizo. Harvard Business Review a zagaye teburin tattaunawa game da buƙatar sabunta kayan aikin likita don inganta ingancin kulawar marasa lafiya. Teburin zagaye ya tattauna abubuwan da za a yi don rage yawan aiki a kan likitoci da rage farashi ta hanyar inganta hanyoyin fasaha da ingantacciyar sarrafa kansa. Wakilan manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya 34 na Amurka ne suka halarci taron. Tattaunawa game da sabunta kayan aikin likitanci, mahalarta sun sanya kyakkyawan fata akan kayan aikin tsinkaya da na'urori masu wayo. Ba a ce komai ba game da tsaro na intanet.

Ta yaya cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya za su tabbatar da tsaro ta yanar gizo?

A shekara ta 2006, shugaban Hukumar Kula da Sadarwa ta Musamman na FSO na Rasha, Laftanar Janar Nikolai Ilyin, ya ce [52]: "Batun tsaron bayanan ya fi dacewa a yau fiye da kowane lokaci. Yawan fasahar da ake amfani da shi yana karuwa sosai. Abin baƙin ciki, a yau ba a la'akari da al'amuran tsaro na bayanai a kowane lokaci a matakin ƙira. A bayyane yake cewa farashin magance wannan matsala yana daga kashi 10 zuwa 20 na kudin tsarin da kansa, kuma abokin ciniki ba koyaushe yana son biyan ƙarin kuɗi ba. A halin yanzu, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa amintattun kariyar bayanai za a iya cimma su ne kawai a cikin yanayin haɗin kai, lokacin da aka haɗa matakan ƙungiyoyi tare da gabatar da matakan tsaro na fasaha. "
A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2016, Mohammed Ali, tsohon babban ma'aikacin IBM da Hewlett Packard, kuma a yanzu shugaban kamfanin Carbonite, ƙwararre kan hanyoyin samar da tsaro ta yanar gizo, ya raba [19] a shafukan Harvard Business Review game da halin da ake ciki. tare da tsaro ta yanar gizo a fannin kiwon lafiya: “Saboda ransomware ya zama ruwan dare kuma barnar na iya yin tsada sosai, koyaushe ina mamakin lokacin da na yi magana da shuwagabanni kuma na san cewa ba sa tunani sosai. A mafi kyau, Shugaba yana ba da al'amurran tsaro ta yanar gizo zuwa sashen IT. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ba don tabbatar da ingantaccen kariya. Shi ya sa a koyaushe ina ƙarfafa shugabannin zartarwa su: 1) haɗa da rage kayan aikin fansa a matsayin fifikon ci gaban ƙungiyoyi; 2) sake duba dabarun yanar gizo masu dacewa a kalla sau ɗaya a shekara; 3) shigar da dukkan kungiyar ku cikin ilimin da ya dace."
Kuna iya aron kafaffen mafita daga sashin kuɗi. Babban mahimmanci [18] cewa sashin kuɗi ya samo asali daga rikice-rikicen tsaro na yanar gizo shine: "Mafi tasiri na tsaro na yanar gizo shine horar da ma'aikata. Domin a yau babban abin da ke haifar da al’amuran tsaro ta yanar gizo shi ne abin da dan Adam ke da shi, musamman yadda mutane ke fuskantar hare-haren masu satar bayanan sirri. Duk da yake ɓoye mai ƙarfi, inshorar haɗarin cyber, tabbatar da abubuwa da yawa, tokenization, guntuwar kati, blockchain da biometrics abubuwa ne waɗanda, ko da yake suna da amfani, galibi suna sakandare. ”
A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2017, kamfanin dillancin labarai na BBC ya ruwaito [23] cewa a Burtaniya, bayan aukuwar WannaCry, tallace-tallacen software na tsaro ya karu da kashi 25%. Koyaya, a cewar masana Verizon, siyan firgita na software na tsaro ba shine abin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da tsaro ta yanar gizo ba; Don tabbatar da shi, kuna buƙatar bin tsaro mai faɗakarwa, ba amsawa ba.

PS Shin kuna son labarin? Idan eh, da fatan za a so. Idan ta yawan masu so (bari mu sami 70) Na ga cewa masu karatu na Habr suna da sha'awar wannan batu, bayan wani lokaci zan shirya ci gaba, tare da nazarin ko da barazanar kwanan nan ga tsarin bayanan likita.

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source: www.habr.com

Manyan FAQ akan tsaro ta yanar gizo na tsarin bayanan likita