Fasahar 5G za ta ba da damar tattara bayanan telemetry cikin inganci da buɗe sabbin ayyuka ga motocin da za su iya inganta amincin titi da haɓaka fagen motocin da ba su da matuƙa. Tsarin V2X (tsarin musayar bayanai tsakanin ababen hawa, abubuwan more rayuwa na hanya da sauran masu amfani da hanyar) suna da yuwuwar cewa za a yi amfani da sadarwar 5G NR don buɗewa. Wannan zai kara inganta matakan tsaro ga direbobi, fasinjoji da masu tafiya a ƙasa, rage yawan man fetur da lokacin tafiya.
A cikin Maris na wannan shekara, ƙungiyar 3GPP, wacce ke daidaita hanyoyin sadarwar 5G, ta amince da ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na C-V5X na farko tare da goyan bayan 16G NR zuwa sigar gaba na daidaitattun 2G NR na duniya (Saki 5). Mun yi imanin za a karɓi wannan sigar a farkon rabin 2020. Haɗin wannan fasaha da goyan baya ga eMBB (ɗaɗaɗɗen wayar hannu), ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da aka amince da su a cikin Sakin 3GPP 15, za su zama mataki na farko don amfani da 5G NR don ƙirƙirar motoci masu kaifin basira dangane da Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive Platform.
Ba ma jiran fitowar hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G a duniya don ba da damar sadarwar kai tsaye abin hawa-zuwa-motoci ta amfani da fasahar salula. A baya a cikin Sakin 3GPP 14, an bayyana fasahar V2X waɗanda ke ba da damar motoci don musayar bayanai na asali tare da sauran masu amfani da hanya kuma, alal misali, fitilun zirga-zirga, a wasu tazara. An nuna iyawar su a cikin gwaje-gwaje da yawa ta amfani da guntu C-V2X, Qualcomm 9150. Sadarwar kai tsaye ta amfani da fasahar C-V2X yana ba da damar inji don "ganin" kewayensa ko da a yanayin da wasu abubuwa ba su kasance a cikin layi na gani ba, kamar a cikin. makafi intersection ko a cikin mummunan yanayi. A cikin yin haka, sabbin fasahohi suna haɗawa da haɓaka ƙarfin da wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin su kamar radar, LIDAR da tsarin kyamara, waɗanda ke da iyaka da iyakan gani.
3GPP Release 16 da 2G NR-enabled C-V5X daidaitawa zai dauki wadannan damar zuwa wani sabon matakin da ba da damar motoci don karɓa da aika da yawa bayanai, kamar ƙarin cikakken firikwensin bayanai da kuma bayanai game da "nufin" na hanya masu amfani, hanyoyin samar da ababen more rayuwa da kuma game da motsin masu tafiya a kasa. Bugu da ƙari, musayar bayanai game da "nufin" zai taimaka wajen tsara hanyar motar yadda ya kamata, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ci gaban motoci marasa amfani a nan gaba. C-V2X za ta samo asali ne daga wata fasahar da ta yi aiki da farko a matsayin hanyar inganta ingantaccen aminci na hanya a cikin Sakin 14, zuwa kayan aikin hulɗar masu amfani da hanyar kai tsaye wanda zai taimaka inganta lafiyar hanyoyi da wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma rage man fetur da kuma rage yawan man fetur. kudin lokaci. hanya.
Samun cikakken amfani da C-V2X da 5G NR
2G NR tushen C-V5X mafita yana ba da damar sabbin damar da suka fito tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar 4G da 5G. Sigar farko ta hanyoyin sadarwar 5G, wacce za a fara aiwatar da ita a wannan bazara kuma an daidaita ta a cikin 3GPP Release 15, an gabatar da tazarar grid mai daidaitawa wanda kuma ake amfani da shi don C-V2X. Misali ɗaya na aikace-aikacen sa shine ikon canza girman siginar tunani dangane da saurin abin hawa. Dangane da ƙididdigar mu, ƙimar gani a cikin babban saurin a cikin wannan yanayin zai ƙaru da sau 3,5, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga sabbin al'amuran don amfani da C-V2X, alal misali, don musayar tsakanin motoci da abubuwan ababen more rayuwa na hanya tare da manyan bayanai. daga na'urori masu auna sigina.
2G NR-enabled C-V5X aiwatarwa yana ba da manyan ci gaba da yawa a matakin rediyo waɗanda suka keɓanta ga 5G NR. A cikin Sakin 16, a karon farko, za a ƙara hanyar haɗin "gefe" zuwa ma'aunin 5G - tashar musayar bayanai kai tsaye don tsarin V2X. Wannan fasaha za ta zama ginshiƙi don samar da mafita na gaba ta amfani da 5G NR a cikin wayoyin hannu da sauran wurare kamar lafiyar jama'a. Tushen ƙirƙirar shi shine haɓakar Qualcomm Technologies don LTE Direct, wanda a zahiri ya haifar da bayyanar fasahar C-V3X a cikin Sakin 14GPP 2. Har ila yau, fasahar da aka bayyana a cikin Sakin 14 za su ba da damar motoci tare da goyon baya ga tsohuwar sigar C-V2X don sadarwa a kan hanya har ma da sababbin samfura waɗanda ke amfani da nau'ikan C-V2X guda biyu (daga Sakin 14 da Saki 16 tare da tallafin 5G NR). ).
Wani sabon tsari don musayar bayanan abin hawa-zuwa-mota
A cikin yanayin zamani na musayar bayanai ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na wayar hannu, na'urori suna canza sigogin watsa siginar, kamar daidaitawar sa da shigar da bayanai, dangane da ingancin siginar tashoshin tushe. Tare da C-V2X, ƙalubalen yana da rikitarwa ta gaskiyar cewa muna magana ne game da motsin motoci akai-akai maimakon tashoshin tushe. A wannan yanayin, ingancin sigina kadai bai isa ba don fahimtar abin da motocin suka dace da sadarwa a kowane hali. Ka yi tunanin cewa akwai mota a wata hanya a kusa da kusurwa. Matsayin siginar sa yana da rauni, amma motar kanta tana kusa, wato, wani yanki ne na yanayin da ke da mahimmanci ga motar mu. Saboda haka, duka motocin a cikin wannan yanayin dole ne su sami cikakken bayani daga na'urori masu auna sigina, ba tare da la'akari da ko suna cikin layin kai tsaye ga juna ba.
Kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana nufin cewa ana buƙatar sabon tsari wanda zai yi la'akari ba kawai matakin siginar ba, har ma da nisa tsakanin abubuwa. Saboda haka, hanyar haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar 5G ita kanta ta bambanta da yadda aka gina cibiyoyin sadarwar al'ummomin da suka gabata. Musamman, a cikin "ƙananan" yadudduka na 5G NR (na jiki da MAC yadudduka), akwai buƙatar ƙididdige nisa. Misali, abubuwan hawa za su aika da sanarwa, kamar buƙatun sake aikawa ta atomatik kamar ACK/NAK, kawai idan suna cikin wani tazara daga mai watsawa kuma kawai idan bayanan da aka watsa suna da amfani ga motar. Wannan hanya kuma za ta taimaka wajen magance matsalar "boyayyen kumburi" a cikin hanyar motar da aka kwatanta a sama tare da matakin sigina mai rauni, wanda ke kusa da kusurwa. Gabaɗaya, godiya gare shi, amincin watsa bayanai ga duk abubuwan hawa yana ƙaruwa kuma ana tabbatar da mafi girman kayan aikin tsarin, tunda ba a daina kashe albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa akan watsa “marasa amfani” ga wasu mahalarta zirga-zirga.
C-V2X bisa 5G NR ba fasahar watsa bayanai ba ce kawai
Shawarar haɗawa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na 2G NR-enabled C-V5X a cikin Sakin 3GPP 16 zai zama muhimmin mataki na daidaita fasahar sadarwar bayanai masu ci gaba waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun masana'antar kera motoci don sabbin motoci, gami da masu cin gashin kansu. Baya ga hanyoyin sadarwa, muna kuma gudanar da bincike da daidaita manyan ka'idoji da hanyoyin aika saƙo a cikin ƙa'idodin yanki kamar SAE, ETSI ITS da C-ITS. Waɗannan daidaitattun saƙonnin za su ba da damar motoci daga masana'anta daban-daban don cin gajiyar sabbin fasahohin C-V2X. Kamar C-V2X da aka bayyana a cikin 3GPP Release 14, 2G NR-enabled C-V5X mafita za su yi amfani da 5,9 GHz band da farko, wanda aka keɓe don motocin motoci a yawancin sassan duniya, kamar Amurka, Turai da China. Koyaya, sabon sigar C-V2X zai yi amfani da wasu tashoshi a cikin wannan kewayon.
source: www.habr.com