Gaisuwa!
Tabbas hakan ba zai zama babban labari gare ku ba yana kusa da kusurwa - doka ta fara aiki tukuna 1 Nuwamba wannan shekara.
Abin baƙin ciki, yadda zai (kuma ko zai yi?) Ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya ba: takamaiman umarni na masu gudanar da sadarwa ba su fito fili ba tukuna. Hakanan babu hanyoyin, tara, tsare-tsare, rarraba nauyi da nauyi - akwai kawai sanarwa.
An lura da irin wannan yanayin game da aiwatar da tsare-tsare na "Dokar Yarovaya" - kayan aikin doka ba a haɓaka a kan lokaci ba kuma an tilasta wa manyan kamfanonin sadarwa na kasar su sake tuntuɓar masu samar da kayan aiki na musamman tare da tambayoyi masu dacewa. Duk da haka, ba su sami amsa ko dai game da bayanai game da kayan aiki ko samfuran kansu ba.
Amma babban abin ba shine nan ba da jimawa dokar za ta fara aiki da kuma sauye-sauyen da ke jiran mu. Babban abu shi ne, albarkacin gabatar da wannan kudiri, al’umma masu kishin kasa sun fara tura muhallin sadarwa mai zaman kansa a kasarmu.
A yau zan yi magana kan abubuwan da muka riga muka yi, da abin da za mu yi nan gaba kadan, da irin wahalhalu da matsalolin da muka fuskanta a hanyar bunkasa aikin.
Menene doka game da?
Kafin ci gaba zuwa sashin fasaha na aikinmu, Ina buƙatar yin ajiyar wuri game da menene dokar "A kan Sovereign Runet".
A takaice: hukumomi suna so su "amince" sashin Intanet na Rasha idan har maƙiyanmu da muke gani suna so su rufe shi. Amma "hanyar zuwa jahannama tana da kyakkyawar niyya" - ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya daga wanda za su kare mu ba da kuma yadda "makiya", bisa manufa, na iya rushe aikin sashin Intanet na Rasha.
Don aiwatar da wannan yanayin harin, dole ne dukkan ƙasashe na duniya su haɗa kai, yanke duk igiyoyin da ke kan iyaka, harba tauraron dan adam na cikin gida tare da haifar da tsangwama ta rediyo.
Ba ya jin daɗi sosai.
Menene Matsakaici?
Medium (Eng. Medium - "matsakaici", taken asali - Kar ku nemi keɓaɓɓen ku. A mayar da shi; kuma a turance kalmar matsakaici yana nufin “tsaka-tsaki”) - Mai ba da Intanet na Rasha wanda ke ba da sabis na shiga hanyar sadarwa kyauta.
Yaushe, a ina kuma me yasa aka halicci Matsakaici?
Da farko an yi tunanin aikin kamar в .
An kafa "Matsakaici" a watan Afrilun 2019 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙirƙirar yanayin sadarwa mai zaman kansa ta hanyar samar da masu amfani da ƙarshen damar samun albarkatun cibiyar sadarwar Yggdrasil ta hanyar amfani da fasahar watsa bayanai mara waya ta Wi-Fi.
A ina zan iya samun cikakken jerin duk wuraren cibiyar sadarwa?Kuna iya samun shi a ciki .
Menene Yggdrasil kuma me yasa Matsakaici yake amfani dashi azaman babban jigilar sa?
shirya kai ne , wanda ke da ikon haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa duka a cikin yanayin mai rufi (a saman Intanet) da kuma kai tsaye zuwa juna ta hanyar haɗin waya ko mara waya.
Yggdrasil ci gaba ne na aikin . Babban bambanci tsakanin Yggdrasil da CjDNS shine amfani da yarjejeniya (spanning itace yarjejeniya).
Ta hanyar tsoho, duk masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa suna amfani da su don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin sauran mahalarta.
Zaɓin hanyar sadarwar Yggdrasil a matsayin babban jigilar kayayyaki ya kasance saboda buƙatar haɓaka saurin haɗi (har zuwa Agusta 2019, An yi amfani da Matsakaici). ).
Canji zuwa Yggdrasil kuma ya ba wa mahalarta aikin damar fara tura hanyar sadarwa ta Mesh tare da Cikakken-Mesh topology. Irin wannan ƙungiyar ta hanyar sadarwa ita ce maganin da ya fi dacewa da yin katsalandan.
Debriefing: Wane kurakurai muka riga muka yi?
"Kwarewa shine ɗan kurakurai masu wahala." A lokacin ci gaban Matsakaici, mun gudanar da magance matsalolin da yawa da suka taso a hanya.
Kuskure #1: Kayan aikin Maɓalli na Jama'a
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin a lokacin ƙirar hanyar sadarwa shine yiwuwar aiwatarwa . Ba a ɓoye ɓoyayyiyar zirga-zirga tsakanin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da na'urar abokin ciniki ta kowace hanya, saboda babban zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar an lalata shi kai tsaye akan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Matsalar ita ce kowa zai iya kasancewa a bayan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa - kuma da gaske ba ma son "wani" ya sami damar sauraron duk abin da abokan ciniki ke karɓa.
Kuskurenmu na farko shine gabatarwa (PKI).
Godiya ga amfani da matakin 7 Mun kawar da hare-haren nau'in MITM, amma mun sami sabuwar matsala - buƙatar shigar da takaddun shaida daga hukumomin takaddun shaida. Kuma cibiyoyin takaddun shaida wata matsala ce da ba dole ba. Makullin kalmar anan ita ce "amincewa."
Kuna buƙatar sake amincewa da wani! Idan hukumar takardar shedar ta sami matsala fa? Kamar yadda Comrade Murphy ya gaya mana, nan ba dade ko ba dade za a lalata ikon tabbatar da takaddun shaida. Kuma wannan ita ce gaskiya mai daci.
Mun yi tunani na dogon lokaci game da magance wannan matsala kuma a ƙarshe mun yanke shawarar cewa babu buƙatar amfani da PKI - ya isa don amfani. .
Bayan yin gyare-gyaren da suka dace, topology na cibiyar sadarwar "Matsakaici" ya ɗauki nau'i mai zuwa:
Kuskure #2: Tsakiyar DNS
Muna buƙatar tsarin sunan yanki tun daga farko, saboda adiresoshin IPv6 masu banƙyama ba kawai ba su yi kyau ba - yana da wahala a yi amfani da su a cikin hyperlinks, kuma rashin ɓangaren ma'anar ya kasance babban rashin jin daɗi.
Mun ƙirƙiri tushen sabobin DNS da yawa waɗanda suka adana kwafin jerin , dake cikin .
Koyaya, matsalar amana ba ta tafi ba - mai aiki zai iya maye gurbin adireshin IPv6 akan sabar DNS a cikin ƙiftawar ido. Idan kuna da wasu ƙwaƙƙwaran, yana da kusan rashin fahimta ga wasu.
Tun da ba mu amfani da HTTPS kuma, musamman, fasaha , Lokacin zazzage adireshin a cikin DNS, yana yiwuwa a kai hari ta hanyar lalata adireshin IPv6 na uwar garken ƙarshen ba tare da wata matsala ba.
Maganin bai daɗe da zuwa ba: mun yanke shawarar yin amfani da fasaha - Decentralized DNS.
A wata ma'ana, EmerDNS yayi kama da fayil ɗin runduna, inda akwai shigarwar ga duk sanannun shafuka. Amma sabanin runduna:
- Kowane layi a EmerDNS ne kawai mai shi zai iya gyara shi, kuma babu wani
- Rashin yiwuwar "Allah (Super- Administrator) shisshigi" an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ijma'in ma'adinai.
- Wannan fayil iri ɗaya ne ga kowa da kowa, wanda tsarin yin kwafin blockchain ya tabbatar
- An haɗa injin bincike mai sauri tare da fayil ɗin.
source:
Kuskure #3: Tsarkake komai
Da farko, kalmar “Internet” tana nufin ba komai bane illa haɗin yanar gizo ko cibiyar sadarwa na cibiyoyin sadarwa.
A tsawon lokaci, mutane sun daina danganta Intanet da wani abu na ilimi kuma ya zama abin da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, saboda tasirinsa ya yadu cikin rayuwar talakawa.
Wato da farko an raba Intanet. A zamanin yau ba za a iya kiransa ba da mulki ba, duk da cewa ra'ayin ya wanzu har yau - kawai manyan kamfanonin musayar zirga-zirga ne ke sarrafa su. Kuma manyan kamfanoni, su na hannun gwamnati ne.
Amma bari mu koma ga matsalarmu - ana saita yanayin daidaitawa ta hanyar masu gudanar da ayyuka guda ɗaya kamar cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a, sabar imel, saƙon take, da sauransu.
“Matsakaici” a wannan fannin kusan bai bambanta da babban Intanet ba har ya zuwa yanzu - yawancin sabis ɗin sun kasance a tsakiya kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar ɗaiɗaikun masu aiki.
Yanzu mun yanke shawarar tsara kwas don cikakken rarrabawa - ta yadda muhimman ayyuka za su ci gaba da aiki ba tare da la’akari da ko akwai gazawa a kan uwar garken tsakiya ko a’a ba.
A matsayin tsarin saƙon gaggawa da muke amfani da shi . Kamar yadda social networks - и . Domin daukar nauyin bidiyo - .
Tabbas, yawancin ayyuka har yanzu suna cikin tsakiya kuma har yanzu ana sarrafa su ta hanyar ɗaiɗaikun masu gudanar da aiki, amma babban abu shine cewa akwai motsi zuwa ga cikakken rarrabawa kuma yana jin ta duk membobin al'umma.
Intanet kyauta a Rasha yana farawa da ku
Kuna iya ba da duk taimako mai yuwuwa wajen kafa Intanet kyauta a Rasha a yau. Mun tattara cikakken jerin yadda zaku iya taimakawa hanyar sadarwar:
Faɗa wa abokanka da abokan aikinka game da Matsakaicin hanyar sadarwa
Raba zuwa wannan labarin a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a ko blog na sirri
Kasance cikin tattaunawa kan batutuwan fasaha na cibiyar sadarwa ta Matsakaici
Ƙirƙiri sabis ɗin gidan yanar gizon ku akan layi
Tada naka zuwa Matsakaicin hanyar sadarwa
Karanta kuma:
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Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Zaɓen madadin: yana da mahimmanci a gare mu mu san ra'ayin waɗanda ba su da cikakken asusu kan Habré
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Masu amfani 68 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 16 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com