Kwanan nan, na'urorin da ke goyan bayan fasahar Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), wanda ake magana akai, sun shiga kasuwa kwanan nan. Amma mutane kaɗan ne suka san cewa an riga an fara haɓaka sabuwar fasahar Wi-Fi - Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be). Nemo yadda Wi-Fi 7 zai kasance a cikin wannan labarin.
prehistory
A cikin Satumba 2020, za mu yi bikin cika shekaru 30 na aikin IEEE 802.11, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai a rayuwarmu. A halin yanzu, fasahar Wi-Fi, wacce dangin IEEE 802.11 suka ayyana, ita ce mafi shaharar fasahar mara waya da ake amfani da ita wajen haɗa Intanet, tare da Wi-Fi ɗauke da fiye da rabin zirga-zirgar masu amfani. Yayin da fasahar wayar salula ke sake yin suna a kowace shekara goma, kamar maye gurbin sunan 4G da 5G, ga masu amfani da Wi-Fi, inganta saurin bayanai, da kuma gabatar da sabbin ayyuka da sabbin abubuwa, suna faruwa kusan ba a sani ba. Abokan ciniki kaɗan ne ke kula da haruffan "n", "ac" ko "ax" waɗanda ke bin "802.11" akan akwatunan kayan aiki. Amma wannan baya nufin Wi-Fi baya tasowa.
Ɗaya daga cikin tabbaci na juyin halittar Wi-Fi shine haɓakar haɓakar saurin bayanai: daga 2 Mbps a cikin sigar 1997 zuwa kusan 10 Gbps a cikin sabuwar ma'aunin 802.11ax, wanda kuma aka sani da Wi-Fi 6. Wi-Fi na zamani ya kai irin wannan. nasarorin aikin saboda saurin sigina da ƙirar ƙira, tashoshi masu faɗi da amfani da fasaha .
Baya ga al'adar cibiyoyin sadarwa na yanki mara waya mai sauri, juyin halittar Wi-Fi ya ƙunshi ayyuka da yawa. Misali, Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) ƙoƙari ne na kawo Wi-Fi zuwa kasuwar Abubuwa mara waya ta Intanet. Wi-Fi Millimeter wave (802.11ad/ay) yana goyan bayan ƙimar bayanan ƙima har zuwa 275 Gbps, kodayake a kan ɗan gajeren nesa.
Sabbin aikace-aikace da ayyuka masu alaƙa da babban ma'anar watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo, kama-da-wane da haɓaka gaskiya, wasan kwaikwayo, ofis mai nisa da ƙididdiga na girgije, da kuma buƙatar tallafawa adadi mai yawa na masu amfani tare da matsananciyar zirga-zirga akan cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya, suna buƙatar babban aiki.
Wi-Fi 7 burin
A watan Mayun 2019, rukunin BE (TGbe) na rukunin Aiki na 802.11 na Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Sadarwa na Yanki da Babban Birni ya fara aiki akan sabon ƙari ga mizanin Wi-Fi wanda zai ƙaru. na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa har zuwa fiye da 40 Gbit/s a cikin tashar mitoci ɗaya na kewayon Wi-Fi "na al'ada" <= 7 GHz. Kodayake yawancin takardu sun jera "mafi girman kayan aiki na aƙalla 30 Gbps", sabuwar ƙa'idar Layer na zahiri za ta samar da saurin ƙima fiye da 40 Gbps.
Wani muhimmin jagorar ci gaba don Wi-Fi 7 shine goyan bayan aikace-aikace na lokaci-lokaci (wasanni, kama-da-wane da haɓaka gaskiya, sarrafa robot). Abin lura ne cewa duk da cewa Wi-Fi yana sarrafa zirga-zirgar sauti da bidiyo ta hanya ta musamman, an daɗe ana imanin cewa samar da ingantaccen matakin ƙarancin jinkiri (millise seconds), wanda kuma aka sani da Sadarwar Sadarwar Lokaci, a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi yana da tushe. ba zai yiwu ba. A cikin Nuwamba 2017, ƙungiyarmu daga IITP RAS da Makarantar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki ta Jami'ar Bincike ta Ƙasa (kada ku ɗauka don PR) sun ba da shawara mai dacewa a cikin ƙungiyar IEEE 802.11. Shawarwarin ya haifar da sha'awa mai yawa kuma an ƙaddamar da ƙungiya ta musamman a cikin Yuli 2018 don kara nazarin batun. Saboda tallafawa aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci yana buƙatar duka ƙimar bayanan ƙima da haɓaka ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, Ƙungiyar Aiki ta 802.11 ta yanke shawarar haɓaka hanyoyin tallafawa aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci a cikin Wi-Fi 7.
Wani muhimmin al'amari tare da Wi-Fi 7 shine kasancewarsa tare da fasahar sadarwar salula (4G/5G) wanda 3GPP ke haɓakawa kuma yana aiki a cikin rukunin mitoci iri ɗaya marasa lasisi. Muna magana ne game da LTE-LAA/NR-U. Don nazarin matsalolin da ke tattare da haɗin kai na Wi-Fi da cibiyoyin sadarwar salula, IEEE 802.11 ya kaddamar da Kwamitin Tsayayyen Halitta (Coex SC). Duk da tarurruka da yawa har ma da taron haɗin gwiwa na 3GPP da IEEE 802.11 mahalarta a Yuli 2019 a Vienna, har yanzu ba a amince da hanyoyin fasaha ba. Wani bayani mai yuwuwa ga wannan rashin amfani shine duka IEEE 802 da 3GPP suna jinkirin canza fasahar nasu don dacewa da ɗayan. Don haka, A halin yanzu ba a sani ba ko tattaunawar Coex SC za ta yi tasiri ga ma'aunin Wi-Fi 7.
Tsarin ci gaba
Kodayake tsarin ci gaban Wi-Fi 7 yana cikin farkon matakansa, an sami kusan shawarwari 500 don sabbin ayyuka don Wi-Fi 7 mai zuwa, wanda kuma aka sani da IEEE 802.11be, zuwa yau. Yawancin ra'ayoyin ana tattaunawa ne kawai a cikin rukunin zama kuma ba a yanke shawara a kansu ba tukuna. An amince da wasu ra'ayoyin kwanan nan. A ƙasa za a nuna a fili waɗanne shawarwari ne aka amince da waɗanda ake magana kawai.
Tun da farko an shirya cewa za a kammala haɓaka manyan sabbin hanyoyin a cikin Maris 2021. Ana sa ran sigar ƙarshe ta ma'aunin nan da farkon 2024. A cikin Janairu 2020, 11be ya nuna damuwa game da ko ci gaba zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kan jadawalin aiki a halin yanzu. Don hanzarta aiwatar da daidaitaccen tsarin ci gaba, ƙungiyar ta amince da zaɓar ƙaramin saiti na manyan abubuwan da za a iya fitarwa ta 2021 (Saki 1), kuma a bar sauran a Sakin 2. Babban mahimmanci ya kamata ya ba da babban fa'idar aiki. kuma sun haɗa da tallafi don 320 MHz, 4K-QAM, haɓakawa na zahiri ga OFDMA daga Wi-Fi 6, MU-MIMO tare da rafukan 16.
Sakamakon coronavirus, ƙungiyar a halin yanzu ba ta saduwa da mutum, amma a kai a kai tana gudanar da taron tarho. Don haka, ci gaba ya ragu kaɗan, amma bai daina ba.
Bayanan fasaha
Bari mu kalli manyan sabbin abubuwan Wi-Fi 7.
- Sabuwar ka'idar Layer ta jiki haɓaka ce ta hanyar Wi-Fi 6 tare da haɓaka ninki biyu bandwidth har zuwa 320 MHz, ninka adadin rafukan MU-MIMO masu sarari, wanda ke ƙara yawan abin da ake samu ta hanyar 2×2 = sau 4. Wi-Fi 7 kuma yana farawa ta amfani da daidaitawa 4K-QAM, wanda ke ƙara wani 20% zuwa abubuwan da ba a sani ba. Saboda haka, Wi-Fi 7 zai samar da 2x2x1,2 = 4,8 sau kiyasin adadin bayanai na Wi-Fi 6: Matsakaicin abin da aka ƙididdige Wi-Fi 7 shine 9,6 Gbps x 4,8 = 46 Gbit/s. Bugu da kari, za a sami canji na juyin juya hali a cikin ka'idar Layer na zahiri don tabbatar da dacewa da nau'ikan Wi-Fi na gaba, amma zai kasance ganuwa ga masu amfani.
- Canza hanyar shiga tashar don goyon bayan aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci za a gudanar da la'akari da ƙwarewar IEEE 802 TSN don cibiyoyin sadarwar waya. Tattaunawa masu gudana a cikin kwamitin ma'auni sun shafi tsarin baya na bazuwar don samun damar tashoshi, nau'ikan sabis na zirga-zirga don haka raba layi don zirga-zirgar lokaci na ainihi, da manufofin sabis na fakiti.
- An gabatar da shi a cikin Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) OFDMA - Hanyar samun damar tashar tashoshi na lokaci- da mitar-mita (mai kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na 4G da 5G) - yana ba da sabbin dama don ingantaccen rabon albarkatu. Koyaya, a cikin 11ax, OFDMA ba ta da sauƙi. Na farko, yana ba da damar wurin shiga don ware katangar albarkatu ɗaya kawai na ƙayyadaddun girman da aka ƙayyade ga na'urar abokin ciniki. Na biyu, baya goyan bayan watsa kai tsaye tsakanin tashoshin abokin ciniki. Dukansu rashin amfani suna rage ingancin gani. Bugu da ƙari, rashin sassauci na gado na Wi-Fi 6 OFDMA yana lalata aiki a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa masu yawa kuma yana ƙara latency, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen ainihin-lokaci. 11be zai magance wadannan matsalolin OFDMA.
- Ɗayan tabbataccen canje-canje na juyin juya halin Wi-Fi 7 shine goyan bayan ƙasa yin amfani da haɗin kai da yawa a lokaci guda a mitoci daban-daban, wanda yake da amfani sosai ga duka manyan ƙimar bayanai da ƙarancin latency. Kodayake kwakwalwan kwamfuta na zamani sun riga sun iya amfani da haɗin kai da yawa a lokaci guda, alal misali, a cikin ƙungiyoyin 2.4 da 5 GHz, waɗannan haɗin gwiwar suna da zaman kansu, wanda ke iyakance tasirin irin wannan aiki. A cikin 11be, za a sami matakin daidaitawa tsakanin tashoshi wanda ke ba da damar ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun tashoshi kuma zai haifar da canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin ka'idodin ka'idojin shiga tashar.
- Yin amfani da tashoshi masu fadi da yawa da kuma yawan rafukan sararin samaniya yana haifar da matsala mai girma da ke hade da tsarin ƙididdiga na jihar da ake buƙata don MIMO da OFDMA. Wannan babban kuɗin yana soke duk wani ribar da aka samu daga haɓaka ƙimar bayanan ƙima. Tsammanin haka za a sake bitar hanyar tantance yanayin tashar tashar.
- A cikin mahallin Wi-Fi 7, kwamitin ma'auni yana tattaunawa game da amfani da wasu "ci-gaba" hanyoyin canja wurin bayanai. A ka'ida, waɗannan hanyoyin suna inganta ingantaccen gani a yanayin yunƙurin watsawa akai-akai, da kuma watsawa lokaci guda a wuri ɗaya ko akasin sa. Muna magana ne game da buƙatar maimaita maimaitawa ta atomatik (HARQ), a halin yanzu ana amfani da ita a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar salula, yanayin cikakken duplex da samun dama mai yawa mara-orthogonal (NOMA). An yi nazarin waɗannan fasahohin da kyau a cikin wallafe-wallafen a cikin ka'idar, amma har yanzu ba a bayyana ba ko nasarorin da aka samu da suka samar zai dace da ƙoƙarin aiwatar da su.
- Amfani HARQ mai rikitarwa da matsala mai zuwa. A cikin Wi-Fi, fakiti suna manne tare don rage sama. A cikin nau'ikan Wi-Fi na yanzu, ana tabbatar da isar da kowane fakiti a cikin manne kuma, idan tabbatarwa bai zo ba, ana maimaita watsa fakitin ta amfani da hanyoyin ka'idojin shiga tashoshi. HARQ yana motsa sakewa daga hanyar haɗin bayanai zuwa Layer na zahiri, inda babu sauran fakiti, amma kalmomi kawai, kuma iyakokin kalmomin ba su dace da iyakokin fakitin ba. Wannan ƙaddamarwa yana dagula aiwatar da HARQ a cikin Wi-Fi.
- Game da Cikakken Duplex, to a halin yanzu ba a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar salula ko a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi ba zai yiwu a watsa bayanai a lokaci guda a cikin tashar mitar guda ɗaya zuwa kuma daga wurin shiga (tashar tushe). Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, wannan shi ne saboda babban bambanci a cikin ikon da aka watsa da kuma karɓar sigina. Ko da yake akwai samfura waɗanda ke haɗa dijital da analog rage siginar da aka watsa daga siginar da aka karɓa, masu iya karɓar siginar Wi-Fi yayin watsa ta, ribar da za su iya bayarwa a aikace na iya zama maras kyau saboda gaskiyar cewa a kowane lokaci. na ƙasa bai kai wanda yake hawa ba (a matsakaita "a asibiti" mai saukowa ya fi girma). Haka kuma, irin wannan watsa ta hanyoyi biyu za su dagula ƙa'idar sosai.
- Yayin watsa rafuka da yawa ta amfani da MIMO yana buƙatar eriya da yawa don mai aikawa da mai karɓa, tare da samun dama ga madaidaicin hanyar shiga na iya aika bayanai lokaci guda zuwa masu karɓa biyu daga eriya ɗaya. Zaɓuɓɓukan samun dama daban-daban waɗanda ba na orthogonal an haɗa su cikin sabbin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na 5G. Samfura NOMA An fara ƙirƙirar Wi-Fi a cikin 2018 a IITP RAS (kuma, kar a la'akari da shi PR). Ya nuna karuwar aikin 30-40%. Amfanin fasahar da aka haɓaka ita ce daidaitawar ta baya: ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓa biyu na iya zama na'urar da ba ta daɗe ba wacce ba ta goyan bayan Wi-Fi 7. Gabaɗaya, matsalar daidaitawar baya yana da matukar mahimmanci, tunda na'urori na ƙarni daban-daban na iya aiki lokaci guda. akan hanyar sadarwar Wi-Fi. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyoyi da yawa a duniya suna nazarin tasirin haɗin gwiwar amfani da NOMA da MU-MIMO, wanda sakamakon zai tabbatar da makomar gaba. Muna kuma ci gaba da aiki akan samfurin: za a gabatar da sigar sa ta gaba a taron IEEE INFOCOM a watan Yuli 2020.
- A ƙarshe, wata muhimmiyar bidi'a, amma tare da wata ƙaddara mara tabbas, ita ce aiki tare da haɗin kai na wuraren samun dama. Kodayake yawancin dillalai suna da nasu na'urori masu sarrafawa don cibiyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi na kasuwanci, ƙarfin irin waɗannan masu sarrafawa gabaɗaya an iyakance su ga tsarin siga na dogon lokaci da zaɓin tashoshi. Kwamitin ma'auni yana tattauna haɗin kai tsakanin wuraren samun maƙwabta, wanda ya haɗa da daidaita tsarin watsa shirye-shirye, tsara katako, har ma da rarraba tsarin MIMO. Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da ake la'akari suna amfani da sokewar tsangwama na jeri (kimanin daidai da a cikin NOMA). Ko da yake har yanzu ba a samar da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar 11be ba, babu shakka cewa ƙa'idar za ta ba da damar wuraren shiga daga masana'antun daban-daban don daidaita jadawalin watsawa da juna don rage tsangwama. Sauran, hanyoyin da suka fi rikitarwa (irin su MU-MIMO da aka rarraba) za su kasance da wuya a aiwatar da su a cikin ma'auni, kodayake wasu mambobin kungiyar sun ƙaddara yin haka a cikin Sakin 2. Ko da kuwa sakamakon, makomar hanyoyin haɗin kai. ba a sani ba. Ko da an haɗa su cikin ma'auni, ƙila ba za su isa kasuwa ba. Irin wannan abu ya faru a baya lokacin ƙoƙarin kawo tsari ga watsawar Wi-Fi ta amfani da mafita kamar HCCA (11e) da HCCA TXOP Negotiation (11be).
A taƙaice, ya bayyana cewa yawancin shawarwarin da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi biyar na farko za su zama ɓangare na Wi-Fi 7, yayin da shawarwarin da ke da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi biyu na ƙarshe suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingancin su.
Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha
Ana iya karanta cikakkun bayanai na fasaha game da Wi-Fi 7 (a Turanci)
source: www.habr.com