Lokaci ya yi da za a bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na Huawei NetEngine 8000 - game da tushen kayan masarufi da mafita na software waɗanda ke ba ku damar gina tushen haɗin gwiwa zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen zuwa ƙarshen tare da kayan aikin 400 Gbps da saka idanu. ingancin sabis na cibiyar sadarwa a matakin na biyu.
Abin da ke ƙayyade abin da fasaha ake buƙata don mafita na cibiyar sadarwa
Abubuwan buƙatun don sabbin kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa yanzu an ƙaddara su ta hanyoyi huɗu masu mahimmanci:
- yaduwar 5G ta wayar hannu;
- haɓakar nauyin girgije a cikin cibiyoyin bayanan sirri da na jama'a;
- fadada duniyar IoT;
- karuwar bukatar basirar wucin gadi.
A lokacin bala'in cutar, wani yanayin gabaɗaya ya fito: yanayin yanayin da ake raguwar kasancewar jiki gwargwadon yuwuwar neman abin kama-da-wane yana ƙara kyau. Wannan ya haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ayyuka na gaskiya da haɓakawa, da kuma mafita dangane da hanyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi 6. Duk waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar babban tashar tashar. NetEngine 8000 an tsara shi don samar da shi.
NetEngine 8000 Iyali
Na'urorin da aka haɗa a cikin gidan NetEngine 8000 sun kasu kashi uku. An yi masa alama da harafin X, waɗannan samfuran ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙira ne don masu aikin sadarwa ko na cibiyoyin bayanai masu nauyi. An tsara jerin M don ɗaukar yanayin yanayin metro daban-daban. Kuma na'urori masu fihirisar F an yi niyya da farko don aiwatar da yanayin DCI na gama gari (Data Center Interconnect). Yawancin "dubu takwas" na iya zama ɓangare na ramukan ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshe tare da kayan aiki na 400 Gbit/s kuma suna goyan bayan tabbacin matakin sabis (Yarjejeniyar Matsayin Sabis - SLA).
Gaskiya: a yau kawai Huawei yana samar da cikakkun kayan aiki don tsara hanyoyin sadarwar aji na 400GE. Hoton da ke sama yana nuna yanayin gina cibiyar sadarwa don babban abokin ciniki ko babban ma'aikaci. Latterarshen yana amfani da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na NetEngine 9000, da kuma sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na NetEngine 8000 F2A, masu iya tara adadin haɗin kai na 100, 200 ko 400 Gbps.
Ana aiwatar da masana'antar metro bisa tushen na'urori na jerin M. Irin waɗannan mafita suna ba da damar daidaitawa da haɓakar yawan zirga-zirgar ninki goma da ake tsammanin cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa ba tare da canza dandamali ba.
Huawei da kansa yana samar da na'urorin gani na gani tare da kayan aiki na 400 Gbps. Hanyoyin da aka gina akan su sun kasance 10-15% mai rahusa fiye da mafita irin wannan a cikin iyawa, amma ta amfani da tashoshi 100-gigabit. Gwajin na'urorin ya fara a cikin 2017, kuma a cikin 2019 an fara aiwatar da kayan aiki na farko bisa su; Kamfanin sadarwa na Afirka Safaricom a halin yanzu yana gudanar da irin wannan tsarin kasuwanci.
Babban bandwidth na NetEngine 8000, wanda zai iya zama kamar wuce gona da iri a cikin 2020, tabbas za a buƙaci a nan gaba mai nisa. Bugu da ƙari, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya dace don amfani da shi azaman babban musayar musayar, wanda tabbas zai zama da amfani ga duka masu aiki na biyu da kuma manyan tsarin kasuwanci a cikin wani lokaci na ci gaba mai sauri da masu kirkiro hanyoyin magance e-gwamnati.
Hakanan Huawei yana haɓaka yaduwar sabbin fasahohi da yawa, gami da ka'idar SRv6, wacce ke sauƙaƙe isar da zirga-zirgar mai amfani da VPN. Fasahar FlexE (Flexible Ethernet) tana ba da garantin fitarwa a Layer na biyu na ƙirar OSI, kuma iFIT (In-situ Flow Information Telemetry) yana ba ku damar saka idanu daidai daidaitattun sigogin aikin SLA.
Daga ra'ayi na mai bayarwa, ana iya amfani da SRv6 daga matakin kwantena a cikin cibiyar bayanai da aka gina akan NFV (Ayyukan Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwa) zuwa, alal misali, mahalli mara igiyar waya. Abokan ciniki na kamfanoni za su buƙaci amfani da sabuwar yarjejeniya daga ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshe lokacin gina hanyoyin sadarwa na baya (kashin baya). Fasaha, mun jaddada, ba ta mallaka ba ce kuma masu sayarwa daban-daban suna amfani da su, wanda ke kawar da hadarin rashin daidaituwa.
Wannan shine tsarin lokacin kasuwanci na fasahar SRv6 don tallafawa mafita na 5G. Sha'anin Aiki: Kamfanin Larabawa Zain Group, a kan aiwatar da sauye-sauye zuwa 5G, ya sabunta hanyar sadarwarsa, yana kara karfin tashoshin kashin baya, kuma ya inganta aikin sarrafa kayan aiki ta hanyar gabatar da SRv6.
Yadda ake amfani da waɗannan fasahohin
An yi amfani da samfura iri-iri guda uku a baya azaman "laima na fasaha" wanda ke rufe mafita na sama. An yi amfani da U2000 azaman NMS don yankin watsawa da yankin IP. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin uTraffic da kuma sanannun Agile Controller an yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin SDN. Koyaya, wannan haɗin ya zama bai dace sosai ba lokacin da aka yi amfani da masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na masu ɗaukar kaya, don haka yanzu waɗannan samfuran an haɗa su cikin kayan aiki. CloudSoP.
Da farko, yana ba ku damar cikakken gudanar da tsarin rayuwa na kayan aiki, farawa tare da gina cibiyar sadarwa - na gani ko IP. Hakanan yana da alhakin sarrafa albarkatu, duka daidaitattun (MPLS) da sababbi (SRv6). A ƙarshe, CloudSoP yana ba da damar yin cikakken hidima ga duk sabis tare da babban matakin girma.
Bari mu dubi tsarin kulawa na gargajiya. A wannan yanayin, ana iya aiwatar da shi ta amfani da L3VPN ko SR-TE, wanda ke ba da ƙarin dama don ƙirƙirar tunnels. Domin rarraba albarkatu don ayyuka daban-daban na sabis, ana amfani da fiye da sigogi ɗari da hanyar zirga-zirgar yanki.
Menene ƙaddamar da irin wannan sabis ɗin yayi kama? Da farko kuna buƙatar saita manufofin farko don takamaiman matakin (jirgin sama). A cikin zanen da ke sama, an zaɓi fasahar SRv6, tare da taimakon abin da aka tsara isar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa daga aya A zuwa aya E.Tsarin zai ƙididdige hanyoyin da za a iya yin la'akari da abubuwan da aka samu da jinkiri, kuma yana haifar da sigogi don sarrafawa na gaba.
Da zarar mun kammala saitin, muna shirye don ƙirƙira da ƙaddamar da ƙarin sabis na VPN. Babban fa'idar maganin Huawei shine, ba kamar daidaitaccen Injiniya Traffic MPLS ba, yana ba ku damar daidaita hanyoyin rami ba tare da ƙarin ƙari ba.
Hoton da ke sama yana nuna tsarin gaba ɗaya na samun bayanai. Ana amfani da SNMP sau da yawa don wannan, wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa kuma yana ba da matsakaicin sakamako. Koyaya, telemetry, wanda a baya muka yi amfani da shi a cibiyoyin bayanai da mafita na harabar, ya zo duniyar hanyoyin sadarwar kashin baya. Yana ƙara kaya, amma yana ba ku damar fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a kan hanyar sadarwa ba a minti daya ba, amma a matakin na biyu.
Tabbas, sakamakon ƙarar zirga-zirga dole ne a “narke” ko ta yaya. Don wannan, ana amfani da ƙarin fasahar koyon injin. Dangane da tsarin da aka riga aka ɗora akan kuskuren hanyar sadarwa na yau da kullun, tsarin sa ido yana iya yin hasashe game da yuwuwar wuce gona da iri. Misali, rugujewar tsarin SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) ko kwatsam a cikin zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa.
Kuma wannan shine abin da tsarin sarrafawa a kwance (sikelin-fitarwa) yayi kama da tushen TaiShan ARM sabobin da kuma bayanan GaussDB. Kowane nodes na tsarin nazari suna da ra'ayi na "rawar" wanda ke ba da damar fadada ayyukan bincike kamar yadda zirga-zirga ke girma ko adadin nodes na cibiyar sadarwa yana ƙaruwa.
A takaice dai, duk abin da ke da kyau a cikin tsarin tsarin ajiya yana zuwa a hankali a fagen sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa.
Misali mai ban mamaki na aiwatar da sabbin fasahohin mu shine Bankin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci na kasar Sin (ICBC). Yana tura babbar hanyar sadarwa ta manyan hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda aka ba su takamaiman ayyuka. Bisa ga NDA, muna da 'yancin ba da cikakken ra'ayi kawai na tsarin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin zane. Ya haɗa da manyan cibiyoyin bayanai guda uku waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar rami-zuwa-ƙarshe, da ƙarin shafuka 35 (cibiyoyin bayanai na mataki na biyu). Ana amfani da duka daidaitattun haɗin kai da SR-TE.
Gine-ginen IP WAN mai hankali Layer uku
Hanyoyin Huawei sun dogara ne akan tsarin gine-gine mai nau'i uku, akan ƙananan matakin wanda akwai kayan aiki daban-daban. A mataki na biyu akwai yanayin sarrafa kayan aiki da ƙarin ayyuka waɗanda ke faɗaɗa ayyukan bincike da sarrafawa na cibiyar sadarwa. Babban Layer, in mun gwada da magana, ana amfani da shi. Mafi yawan al'amuran aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da tsara hanyoyin sadarwar ma'aikatan sadarwa, cibiyoyin kuɗi, kamfanonin makamashi da hukumomin gwamnati.
Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyon da ke kwatanta iyawar NetEngine 8000 da hanyoyin fasahar da aka yi amfani da su a ciki:
Tabbas, dole ne a tsara kayan aikin don haɓakar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa, la'akari da ikon da ya dace da sanyaya mai kyau. Lokacin da samfurin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana sanye da kayan wuta na 20 na 3 kW kowannensu, amfani da carbon nanotubes a cikin tsarin kawar da zafi ba zai sake zama ba.
Menene duk wannan? Yana kama da almara na kimiyya, amma a gare mu yanzu 14,4 Tbit / s a kowane ramin yana yiwuwa sosai. Kuma wannan bandwidth mai ɗaukar hankali yana cikin buƙata. Musamman, kamfanoni iri ɗaya na kuɗi da makamashi, yawancinsu a yau suna da manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda aka kirkira ta amfani da fasahar DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Bayan haka, adadin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar saurin gudu yana ƙaruwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin al'amuranmu don gina hanyoyin koyon injina tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Atlas 900 guda biyu kuma yana buƙatar kayan aikin terabit. Kuma akwai ayyuka iri ɗaya da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, lissafin nukiliya, lissafin yanayi, da dai sauransu.
Tushen Hardware da bukatunsa
Zane-zane suna nuna nau'ikan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na LPUI a halin yanzu tare da hadedde katunan da halayensu.
Kuma wannan shine yadda taswirar hanya ta kasance tare da sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan ƙirar da za su kasance cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Lokacin samar da mafita dangane da su, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da amfani da makamashi. A zamanin yau, ana gina daidaitattun cibiyoyin bayanai akan 7-10 kW kowace tara, yayin da yin amfani da na'urori masu auna siginar terabit yana nuna yawan amfani da wutar lantarki sau da yawa (har zuwa 30-40 uW a kololuwa). Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar ƙirƙira wani yanki na musamman ko ƙirƙirar yanki mai ɗaukar nauyi daban a cikin cibiyar bayanai data kasance.
Duban gaba ɗaya na chassis yana nuna cewa masana'antun suna ɓoye a bayan shingen fan na tsakiya. Akwai yuwuwar maye gurbin su "zafi", aiwatar da godiya ga sakewa bisa ga tsarin 2N ko N +1. A zahiri, muna magana ne game da daidaitaccen tsarin gine-ginen orthogonal na babban abin dogaro.
Ba kawai tutocin tukwane ba
Komai ban sha'awa na ƙirar flagship, mafi yawan shigarwa ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar akwatin mafita na jerin M da F.
Shahararrun hanyoyin sadarwar sabis a yanzu sune samfuran M8 da M14. Suna ba ku damar yin aiki tare da ƙananan sauri, irin su E1, da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa masu sauri (100 Gbit / s yanzu da 400 Gbit / s a nan gaba) a cikin dandamali ɗaya.
Ayyukan M14 sun isa sosai don gamsar da duk bukatun abokan cinikin kasuwanci na yau da kullun. Yin amfani da shi, zaku iya gina daidaitattun hanyoyin L3VPN don haɗawa tare da masu samarwa; Hakanan yana da kyau azaman ƙarin kayan aiki, misali, don tattara telemetry ko amfani da SRv6.
Yawancin katunan suna samuwa don samfurin. Babu wasu masana'antu daban, kuma ana amfani da masu kulawa don tabbatar da haɗin kai. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun rarraba aikin a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da aka nuna a cikin zane.
A nan gaba, ana iya maye gurbin mai kulawa da sabon abu, wanda zai ba da sabon aiki a kan tashar jiragen ruwa guda.
Samfurin M8 ya ɗan ƙanƙanta da na M14 kuma shi ma yana da ƙasa da aiki zuwa tsohuwar ƙirar, amma yanayin amfani da su yayi kama da juna.
Saitin katunan jiki masu jituwa na M8 yana ba da damar, misali, saita haɗi zuwa na'urorin P ta hanyar dubawar 100 Gbps, yi amfani da fasahar FlexE kuma rufaffen shi duka.
Gabaɗaya, tare da na'urar M6 ne zaku iya fara aiki tare da yanayin mai aiki. Yana da ƙarami kuma bai dace da masu samarwa ba, amma yana da sauƙin amfani azaman hanyar haɗin zirga-zirga don haɗa cibiyoyin bayanan yanki, misali a banki. Bugu da ƙari, software da aka saita a nan daidai yake da na tsofaffin ƙira.
Akwai ƙarancin katunan da ake samu don M6, kuma matsakaicin aikin shine 50 Gbps, wanda, duk da haka, ya fi girma fiye da daidaitattun hanyoyin 40 Gbps a cikin masana'antar.
Samfurin ƙarami, M1A, shima ya cancanci ambatonsa na musamman. Wannan ƙaramin bayani ne wanda zai iya zuwa da amfani inda ake tsammanin tsawaita yanayin zafin aiki (-40... +65 °C).
Kalmomi kaɗan game da layin F. Samfurin NetEngine 8000 F1A ya zama ɗayan shahararrun samfuran Huawei a cikin 2019, ba ko kaɗan ba saboda gaskiyar cewa an sanye shi da tashar jiragen ruwa tare da kayan aiki na 1 zuwa 100 Gbit/s (har zuwa 1,2). Tbit/s a duka).
Karin bayani game da SRv6
Me yasa daidai yanzu ya zama dole don haɗa tallafi don fasahar SRv6 a cikin samfuranmu?
A halin yanzu, adadin ladabi da ake buƙata don kafa ramukan VPN na iya zama 10+, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin gudanarwa mai tsanani kuma yana nuna buƙatar sauƙaƙe tsarin.
Martanin masana'antar kan wannan ƙalubalen shine ƙirƙirar fasahar SRv6, ga fitowar ta wanda Huawei da Cisco ke da hannu.
Ɗaya daga cikin hane-hane da ake buƙatar cirewa shine buƙatar amfani da ƙa'idar per-hop (PHB) don sarrafa fakiti na yau da kullun. Yana da matukar wahala a kafa hulɗar "inter-operator" ta Inter-AS MP-BGP tare da ƙarin ayyuka (VPNv4), don haka akwai kaɗan kaɗan irin waɗannan mafita. SRv6 yana ba ku damar fara buɗe hanyar fakiti ta cikin duka ɓangaren ba tare da yin rijistar tunnels na musamman ba. Kuma shirye-shiryen hanyoyin da kansu an sauƙaƙe su, wanda ke sauƙaƙe manyan turawa.
Jadawalin yana nuna shari'ar aiwatar da SRv6. An haɗa hanyoyin sadarwar duniya guda biyu ta ka'idoji daban-daban. Don karɓar sabis daga kowane kama-da-wane ko uwar garken hardware, ana buƙatar babban adadin sauyawa (miƙawa) tsakanin VXLAN, VLAN, L3VPN, da sauransu.
Bayan aiwatar da SRv6, mai aiki yana da rami na ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshe ba har zuwa uwar garken kayan aiki ba, amma ga kwandon Docker.
Ƙara koyo game da fasahar FlexE
Layer na biyu na samfurin OSI ba shi da kyau saboda baya samar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da matakin SLA wanda masu samarwa ke buƙata. Su, bi da bi, za su so su sami wani nau'in analog na TDM (Time-division multiplexing), amma akan Ethernet. An ɗauki hanyoyi da yawa don magance matsalar, tare da ƙarancin sakamako.
Flex Ethernet yana aiki daidai don tabbatar da ingancin SDH (Madaidaitan Dijital na Daidaitawa) da matakan TDM a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar IP. Wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa godiya ga aiki tare da jirgin sama mai aikawa, lokacin da muka gyara yanayin L2 ta wannan hanya don ya zama mai amfani sosai.
Ta yaya kowane madaidaicin tashar tashar jiki ke aiki? Akwai takamaiman adadin layukan da zoben tx. Fakitin da ke shiga cikin buffer yana jira don sarrafawa, wanda ba koyaushe ya dace ba, musamman a gaban rafin giwaye da mice.
Ƙarin abubuwan da aka shigar da wani Layer na abstraction suna taimakawa tabbatar da tabbacin abin da aka samar a matakin yanayin jiki.
An ware ƙarin MAC Layer a Layer canja wurin bayanai, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar layukan jiki masu tsauri waɗanda za a iya sanya takamaiman SLAs.
Wannan shine yadda yake kama da matakin aiwatarwa. Ƙarin Layer yana aiwatar da ƙirar TDM a zahiri. Godiya ga wannan sa-in-sa, yana yiwuwa a rarraba jerin gwano da ƙirƙira sabis na TDM ta hanyar Ethernet.
Ofaya daga cikin al'amuran don amfani da FlexE ya haɗa da tsananin bin SLAs ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ramukan lokaci don daidaita kayan aiki ko samar da albarkatu don ayyuka masu mahimmanci.
Wani labari yana ba ku damar yin aiki tare da lahani. Maimakon kawai hashing watsa bayanai, muna samar da tashoshi daban-daban kusan a matakin jiki, sabanin na zahiri da QoS (Quality of Service) ya ƙirƙira.
Ƙarin bayani game da iFIT
Kamar FlexE, iFIT fasaha ce mai lasisi daga Huawei. Yana ba da damar tabbatar da SLA a matakin granular sosai. Ba kamar daidaitattun hanyoyin IP SLA da NQA ba, iFIT yana aiki ba tare da roba ba, amma tare da zirga-zirgar “rayuwa”.
iFIT yana samuwa akan duk na'urorin da ke goyan bayan telemetry. Don wannan, ana amfani da ƙarin filin da ba a shagaltar da shi ta daidaitattun Bayanan Zaɓuɓɓuka. Ana yin rikodin bayanai a can waɗanda ke ba ku damar fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a tashar.
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Taƙaice abin da aka faɗa, muna jaddada cewa aikin NetEngine 8000 da fasahar da aka saka a cikin fasahar "dubu takwas" sun sanya waɗannan na'urori su zama zaɓi mai ma'ana da kuma cancanta yayin ƙirƙirar da haɓaka cibiyoyin sadarwa masu ɗaukar kaya, manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na makamashi da kamfanonin kuɗi, da kuma tsarin "gwamnatin lantarki".
source: www.habr.com