An fitar da sigar ta huɗu ta OpenShift kwanan nan. Nau'in 4.3 na yanzu yana samuwa tun daga ƙarshen Janairu kuma duk canje-canjen da ke cikin sa ko dai wani sabon abu ne wanda baya cikin sigar ta uku, ko kuma babban sabuntawa na abin da ya bayyana a sigar 4.1. Duk abin da za mu gaya muku yanzu yana buƙatar sanin, fahimta da kuma la'akari da waɗanda ke aiki tare da OpenShift kuma suna shirin canzawa zuwa sabon salo.
Tare da fitowar OpenShift 4.2, Red Hat ya sanya aiki tare da Kubernetes sauƙi. Sabbin kayan aiki da plugins sun bayyana don ƙirƙirar kwantena, bututun CI/CD da tura marasa sabar. Sabuntawa suna ba masu haɓaka damar mai da hankali kan lambar rubutu, kuma ba akan mu'amala da Kubernetes ba.
A zahiri, menene sabo a cikin nau'ikan OpenShift 4.2 da 4.3?
Motsawa zuwa gajimare gauraye
Lokacin shirya sabon kayan aikin IT ko lokacin haɓaka yanayin yanayin IT na yanzu, kamfanoni suna ƙara yin la'akari da tsarin girgije don samar da albarkatun IT, wanda ke aiwatar da mafita na girgije masu zaman kansu ko amfani da ikon masu samar da girgije na jama'a. Don haka, ana ƙara haɓaka kayan aikin IT na zamani bisa ga samfurin girgije na "matasan", lokacin da aka yi amfani da albarkatun kan gida da albarkatun jama'a tare da tsarin gudanarwa na gama gari. Red Hat OpenShift 4.2 an tsara shi musamman don sauƙaƙe sauƙaƙawa zuwa samfurin girgije na matasan kuma yana sauƙaƙa haɗa albarkatu daga masu samarwa kamar AWS, Azure da Google Cloud Platform zuwa gungu, tare da yin amfani da girgije masu zaman kansu akan VMware da OpenStack.
Sabuwar hanya don shigarwa
A cikin sigar 4, hanyar shigar da OpenShift ta canza. Red Hat yana ba da kayan aiki na musamman don tura gungu na OpenShift - openshift-install. Mai amfani fayil ɗin binary guda ɗaya ne da aka rubuta a cikin Go. Openshit-installer yana shirya fayil ɗin yaml tare da tsarin da ake buƙata don turawa.
A cikin yanayin shigarwa ta amfani da albarkatun girgije, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige ƙaramin bayanai game da gungu na gaba: yankin DNS, adadin nodes na ma'aikata, takamaiman saiti don mai ba da girgije, bayanan asusun don samun damar mai ba da girgije. Bayan shirya fayil ɗin sanyi, za a iya tura gungu tare da umarni ɗaya.
Game da shigarwa akan albarkatun lissafin ku, alal misali, lokacin amfani da girgije mai zaman kansa (vSphere da OpenStack ana goyan bayan) ko lokacin sanyawa akan sabar sabar ƙarfe mara amfani, kuna buƙatar saita kayan aikin da hannu - shirya mafi ƙarancin adadin injunan kama-da-wane ko sabobin jiki da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar gungun jirgin sama Control Plane, saita sabis na cibiyar sadarwa. Bayan wannan saitin, za a iya ƙirƙira gungu na OpenShift irin wannan tare da umarni ɗaya na kayan aikin buɗe shift-installer.
Sabunta kayan aikin
CoreOS hadewa
Maɓallin maɓalli shine haɗin kai tare da Red Hat CoreOS. Red Hat OpenShift master nodes na iya aiki yanzu kawai akan sabon OS. Wannan tsarin aiki ne na kyauta daga Red Hat wanda aka tsara musamman don maganin kwantena. Red Hat CoreOS Linux ne mai nauyi wanda aka inganta don kwantena masu gudana.
Idan a cikin 3.11 tsarin aiki da OpenShift sun kasance daban, to a cikin 4.2 yana da alaƙa da OpenShift. Yanzu wannan na'ura ce guda ɗaya - kayan aikin da ba za a iya canzawa ba.
Don gungu waɗanda ke amfani da RHCOS don duk nodes, haɓakawa OpenShift Platform Container Platform tsari ne mai sauƙi kuma mai sarrafa kansa sosai.
A baya can, don sabunta OpenShift, da farko dole ne ka sabunta tsarin aiki wanda samfurin ke gudana akansa (a lokacin, Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Daga nan ne kawai za a iya sabunta OpenShift a hankali, kumburi ta kumburi. Ba a yi magana game da kowane aiki na sarrafa kansa ba.
Yanzu, tunda OpenShift Platform Container Platform yana da cikakken iko akan tsarin da ayyuka akan kowane kulli, gami da OS, ana warware wannan aikin ta danna maɓalli daga mahaɗin yanar gizo. Bayan wannan, ana ƙaddamar da wani ma'aikaci na musamman a cikin gungu na OpenShift, wanda ke sarrafa duk tsarin sabuntawa.
Sabuwar CSI
Abu na biyu, sabuwar CSI ita ce mai sarrafa keɓan ma'auni wanda ke ba ku damar haɗa nau'ikan tsarin ajiya na waje zuwa gungu na OpenShift. Yawancin masu samar da direban ajiya don OpenShift ana tallafawa bisa la'akari da direbobin ajiya waɗanda masu kera tsarin ajiya da kansu suka rubuta. Ana iya samun cikakken jerin goyan bayan direbobin CSI a cikin wannan takaddar: . A cikin wannan jerin za ku iya samun duk manyan samfuran faifan diski daga manyan masana'antun (Dell/EMC, IBM, NetApp, Hitachi, HPE, PureStorage), SDS mafita (Ceph) da ajiyar girgije (AWS, Azure, Google). OpenShift 4.2 yana goyan bayan direbobin CSI na sigar ƙayyadaddun CSI 1.1.
RedHat OpenShift Sabis na Sabis
Dangane da ayyukan Istio, Kiali da Jaeger, Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh, ban da ayyukan da aka saba na buƙatun buƙatun tsakanin sabis, suna ba da damar ganowa da hangen nesa. Wannan yana taimaka wa masu haɓakawa cikin sauƙi sadarwa, saka idanu, da sarrafa aikace-aikacen da aka tura cikin Red Hat OpenShift.
Nunin aikace-aikacen da ke da gine-ginen microservice ta amfani da Kiali
Don sauƙaƙe shigarwa, kulawa, da sarrafa rayuwar rayuwa na Sabis ɗin Sabis kamar yadda zai yiwu, Red Hat OpenShift yana ba masu gudanarwa tare da ma'aikaci na musamman, Mai Gudanar da Sabis na Sabis. Wannan ma'aikacin Kubernetes ne wanda ke ba ku damar tura fakitin Istio, Kiali da Jaeger da aka sake tsarawa akan gungu, yana haɓaka nauyin gudanarwa na sarrafa aikace-aikace.
CRI-O maimakon Docker
CRI-O ya maye gurbin Docker na tsohowar kwantena. An riga an yi amfani da CRI-O a cikin sigar 3.11, amma a cikin 4.2 ya zama babba. Ba mai kyau ko mara kyau ba, amma wani abu don tunawa lokacin amfani da samfurin.
Masu aiki da aikace-aikacen turawa
Masu aiki sabon mahalli ne na RedHat OpenShift, wanda ya bayyana a sigar ta huɗu. Hanya ce ta tattarawa, turawa, da sarrafa aikace-aikacen Kubernetes. Ana iya tunanin shi azaman plugin don aikace-aikacen da aka tura a cikin kwantena, wanda Kubernetes API da kayan aikin kubectl ke jagoranta.
Ma'aikatan Kubernetes suna taimakawa sarrafa kowane ɗawainiya da ke da alaƙa da gudanarwa da sarrafa rayuwar rayuwar aikace-aikacen da kuka tura zuwa gungu. Misali, afaretan na iya sarrafa sabuntawa, madogara da sikelin aikace-aikacen, canza tsarin, da sauransu. Ana iya samun cikakken jerin masu aiki a .
OperatorHub yana samun dama kai tsaye daga mahaɗin yanar gizo na na'ura wasan bidiyo na gudanarwa. Kundin tsarin aikace-aikacen OpenShift ne wanda Red Hat ke kiyaye shi. Wadancan. duk ma'aikatan Red Hat da aka amince da su za a rufe su ta tallafin mai siyarwa.
OperatorHub portal a cikin na'ura mai sarrafa OpenShift
Hoton tushe na duniya
Daidaitaccen saitin hotunan RHEL OS ne wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don gina aikace-aikacen ku na kwantena. Akwai ƙanƙanta, ma'auni da cikakkun saiti. Suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan kuma suna tallafawa duk fakitin da aka shigar da su da yarukan shirye-shirye.
Kayan aikin CI/CD
A cikin RedHat OpenShif 4.2, ya zama mai yiwuwa a zaɓi tsakanin Jenkins da Bututun OpenShift dangane da bututun Tekton.
Bututun OpenShift sun dogara ne akan Tekton, wanda ya fi dacewa da tallafin Pipeline yayin da Code da GitOps ke gabatowa. A cikin bututun OpenShift, kowane mataki yana gudana a cikin akwati nasa, don haka ana amfani da albarkatun kawai yayin aiwatar da matakin. Wannan yana ba masu haɓaka cikakken iko akan bututun isar da kayayyaki, plugins, da ikon samun dama ba tare da sabar CI/CD ta tsakiya don sarrafa ba.
OpenShift Pipelines a halin yanzu yana cikin Preview Developer kuma ana samunsa azaman mai aiki akan gungu na OpenShift 4. Tabbas, masu amfani da OpenShift na iya amfani da Jenkins akan RedHat OpenShift 4.
Sabunta Gudanarwar Mai Haɓakawa
A cikin 4.2 OpenShift, an sabunta haɗin yanar gizon gabaɗaya don masu haɓakawa da masu gudanarwa.
A cikin nau'ikan OpenShift da suka gabata, kowa yayi aiki a cikin consoles guda uku: adireshin sabis, na'ura mai sarrafa kayan aikin da na'ura wasan bidiyo. Yanzu gungu ya kasu kashi biyu kawai - na'ura mai kula da na'ura da na'ura mai haɓakawa.
Mai Haɓakawa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya sami ingantattun abubuwan inganta mu'amalar mai amfani. Yanzu ya fi dacewa yana nuna topologies na aikace-aikace da majalisun su. Wannan yana sauƙaƙawa ga masu haɓakawa don ƙirƙira, turawa, da hangen nesa aikace-aikacen da ke cikin kwantena da tarin albarkatu. Yana ba su damar mayar da hankali kan abin da ke da mahimmanci a gare su.
Portal mai haɓakawa a cikin na'ura mai sarrafa OpenShift
Odo
Odo shine mai amfani da layin umarni mai haɓakawa wanda ke sauƙaƙe haɓaka aikace-aikacen a cikin OpenShift. Yin amfani da hanyar sadarwar salon turawa ta git, wannan CLI yana taimaka wa masu haɓaka sabbin zuwa Kubernetes gina aikace-aikace a cikin OpenShift.
Haɗin kai tare da yanayin ci gaba
Masu haɓakawa yanzu za su iya ginawa, gyarawa da tura aikace-aikacen su a cikin OpenShift ba tare da barin yanayin haɓaka lambar da suka fi so ba, kamar Microsoft Visual Studio, JetBrains (gami da IntelliJ), Desktop Eclipse, da sauransu.
Red Hat OpenShift Tsawaita ƙaddamarwa don Microsoft Azure DevOps
An saki Red Hat OpenShift Deployment tsawo don Microsoft Azure DevOps. Masu amfani da wannan kayan aikin DevOps yanzu suna iya tura aikace-aikacen su zuwa Azure Red Hat OpenShift ko kowane gungu na OpenShift kai tsaye daga Microsoft Azure DevOps.
Canji daga sigar ta uku zuwa na hudu
Tun da muna magana ne game da sabon saki, kuma ba sabuntawa ba, ba za ku iya sanya nau'i na huɗu kawai a saman na uku ba. Sabuntawa daga sigar XNUMX zuwa nau'in XNUMX ba za a tallafawa ba..
Amma akwai labari mai kyau: Red Hat yana ba da kayan aikin ƙaura daga 3.7 zuwa 4.2. Kuna iya ƙaura aikin aikace-aikace ta amfani da kayan aikin Hijira na Aikace-aikacen Cluster (CAM). CAM yana ba ku damar sarrafa ƙaura da rage ƙarancin lokacin aikace-aikacen.
OpenShift 4.3
Babban sabbin abubuwan da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin sun bayyana a cikin sigar 4.2. Canje-canjen 4.3 da aka saki kwanan nan ba su da girma, amma har yanzu akwai wasu sabbin abubuwa. Jerin canje-canjen ya yi yawa, ga mafi mahimmanci a ra'ayinmu:
Sabunta sigar Kubernetes zuwa 1.16.
An haɓaka sigar ta matakai biyu lokaci guda; a cikin OpenShift 4.2 ya kasance 1.14.
Rufin bayanan a da dai sauransu
An fara da sigar 4.3, ya zama mai yiwuwa a ɓoye bayanai a cikin bayanan da sauransu. Da zarar an kunna ɓoyayyen, zai yiwu a ɓoye abubuwan OpenShift API da Kubernetes API albarkatun: Asirin, ConfigMaps, Hanyoyi, alamun shiga, da izinin OAuth.
Hanya
Ƙara tallafi don nau'in Helm 3, mashahurin mai sarrafa fakitin Kubernetes. A yanzu, goyan baya yana da matsayin PREVIEW FASAHA. Za a faɗaɗa tallafin Helm zuwa cikakken tallafi a cikin nau'ikan OpenShift na gaba. The helm cli utility ya zo tare da OpenShift kuma ana iya sauke shi daga na'ura mai sarrafa tagulla.
Sabunta Dashboard Project
A cikin sabon sigar, Dashboard na Project yana ba da ƙarin bayani akan shafin aikin: matsayin aikin, amfani da albarkatu, da ƙimar aikin.
Nuna lahani ga quay a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo na Yanar Gizo
An ƙara wani fasali zuwa na'urar wasan bidiyo na gudanarwa don nuna sanannun lahani don hotuna a cikin ma'ajin Quay. Ana goyan bayan nuna lahani ga wuraren ajiyar gida da na waje.
Ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan mai aiki da layi
Dangane da batun tura gungu na OpenShift a cikin keɓantaccen hanyar sadarwa, wanda damar yin amfani da Intanet ke da iyaka ko babu shi, ƙirƙirar “dubi” don yin rajistar OperatorHub yana sauƙaƙa. Yanzu ana iya yin hakan tare da ƙungiyoyi uku kawai.
Mawallafa:
Victor Puchkov, Yuri Semenyukov
source: www.habr.com