Hedy Lamarr ba ita ce ta farko da ta fara haskawa tsirara a fim da kuma karyar inzali a kyamara ba, amma ta kirkiro tsarin sadarwar rediyo tare da kariya daga tsangwama.
Ina jin ƙwalwar mutane ta fi ban sha'awa fiye da kamanninsu.
– In ji jarumar Hollywood kuma mai kirkiro Hedy Lamarr a shekarar 1990, shekaru 10 kafin rasuwarta.
Hedy Lamarr - mai ban sha'awa actress na 40s na karshe karni, wanda ya zama sananne ga duniya ba kawai saboda ta haske bayyanar da kuma nasara actor aiki, amma kuma saboda ta gaske fitaccen gwaninta iyawa.
Hedy, sau da yawa rikice a cikin hotuna tare da wani kyakkyawan fim na karni na 20, Vivien Leigh (Scarlett, Gone with the Wind), ya ba duniya ikon yada bakan sadarwa (wanda ke ba mu damar amfani da wayoyin hannu da Wi-Fi a yau).
Vivien Leigh da Hedy Lamarr
Rayuwa da aikin wannan mace mai ban mamaki ba ta da sauƙi, amma a lokaci guda mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki.
Hedy Lamarr, haifaffen Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1914 a Vienna, Austria, a cikin dangin Yahudawa na pianist Gertrud Lichtwitz da darektan banki Emil Kiesler. Mahaifiyarta ’yar Budapest ce, kuma mahaifinta daga dangin Yahudawa ne da ke zaune a Lviv.
Tun lokacin ƙuruciya, yarinyar ta mamaye kowa da iyawa da basirarta. Ta yi karatun ballet, ta halarci makarantar wasan kwaikwayo, ta buga piano, ita ma yarinyar ta yi karatun lissafi da ƙwazo. Tun da iyalin suna da wadata, ba a buƙatar yin aiki tun tana ƙarami, amma duk da haka, Hedy ta bar gidan iyayenta tana da shekaru 16 kuma ta shiga makarantar wasan kwaikwayo. A lokaci guda kuma, tana da shekaru 17, ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fina-finai, inda ta fara fitowa a 1930 a cikin fim ɗin Jamusanci "'Yan mata a cikin gidan dare." Ta ci gaba da aikinta na fim, inda ta yi aikin fina-finan Jamus da Czechoslovakia.
Farkon aikinta ya yi nasara sosai, amma a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa, fim ɗin Czechoslovak-Austriya "Ecstasy" na Gustav Machaty ya kawo mata suna a duniya. Fim ɗin na 1933 ya kasance mai tayar da hankali da jayayya.
Wurin ninkaya na tsirara na mintuna goma a tafkin dajin ba shi da laifi bisa ka'idojin karni na XNUMX, amma a cikin wadannan shekarun ya haifar da guguwar motsin rai. A wasu kasashen ma an hana fim din nunawa, kuma a wasu shekaru ne aka fitar da fim din tare da tantancewa.
Hedy Lamarr a cikin fim din Ecstasy, 1933
Hatsarin fim din da kuma bacin ran da cocin ya yi ya shiga hannun jarumar, saboda godiyar haka ta zama sananne. A wannan lokacin, ba wai tsiraici ne ya haifar da wannan abin kunya ba, a’a, a’a, ta faru ne a lokacin da aka fara yin inzali na farko a tarihin sinima, wanda wata yarinya ta yi gamsasshen bayani, wanda ya haifar da zazzafan motsin rai. Daga baya jarumar ta ce daraktan na musamman ya soka mata da wani abin kariya a lokacin da take daukar wani fim din batsa domin sautin da aka yi ya zama abin yarda.
Bayan fim din abin kunya, iyayen sun yi iyakacin kokarinsu wajen ganin an aurar da diyarsu cikin gaggawa. Mijin farko na Hedy shi ne dan kasar Austria Fritz Mandl, hamshakin attajiri mai kera makamai wanda ya goyi bayan ‘yan Nazi kuma ya kera makamai na Reich na uku. Yayin da take tafiya tare da mijinta zuwa tarurruka da taro, Hedy ta saurara da kyau kuma ta tuna da duk abin da mutanen suka ce - kuma tattaunawar da suka yi a lokacin yana da ban sha'awa sosai, domin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Mandl suna aiki don ƙirƙirar makamai masu sarrafa rediyo ga Nazis. Amma wannan gaskiyar "harbi" daga baya.
Mijin ya zama mugun mai gida, shi ma yana kishin duk wanda ya hadu da shi. Ya ƙare tare da matashiyar matar da aka kulle a zahiri a cikin " kejin zinare ", ba za ta iya yin fim ba, sannan kawai saduwa da abokai. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya saya duk kwafin "Ecstasy" daga haya na Viennese. Auren daurin auren ya kai shekara hudu, amma ta kasa daukar irin wannan hali ga kanta, matar wani mai kudi da karfin fada a ji a tsakar dare, bayan da ta baiwa kuyanga magungunan barci ta sanya tufafinta, sai ta tsere. daga gidan akan keke da allunan Normandy steamer.
Ta yi hijira zuwa Amurka a jajibirin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma, a cikin jirgin da ya taso daga Landan zuwa New York, ta sadu da shugaban ɗakin studio na MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), Louis Mayer. Lamarr ta yi ɗan ƙaramin Turanci, wanda abu ne mai kyau, domin ta sami damar rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya mai tsada don tauraro a fina-finan Hollywood.
Domin kada ya haifar da ƙungiyoyi marasa mahimmanci a tsakanin jama'ar puritanical na Amurka, ta ɗauki wani suna, ta aro daga MGM actress Barbara La Marr, Meyer's tsohon fi so, wanda ya mutu a 1926 daga zuciya mai karye saboda shan miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Sabon mataki na aiki na yana gudana cikin nasara. A lokacin da take aiki a Hollywood, actress taka leda a irin wannan rare fina-finai kamar "Algiers" (1938, da rawar da Gabi), "Lady a cikin Tropics" (1939, da rawar da Manon de Vernet), da kuma fim karbuwa na J. Steinbeck's "Tortilla Flat" (1942, darektan. Victor Fleming, rawar Dolores Ramirez), "Risky Experiment" (1944), "Strange Woman" (1946) da Cecil de Mille ta almara fim "Samson da Delilah" (1949). A karshe bayyanar a kan allo ya kasance a cikin fim "The Female Animal" (1958, rawar Vanessa Windsor).
Ko da a wannan lokacin Lamarr ta zama uwar 'ya'ya uku, bai hana ta ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo ba. Gaskiya ne, wannan bayanin ya ci karo da juna a wurare dabam-dabam, tun da wataƙila yaro ɗaya ba ɗansa ba ne.
Hedy ya bar Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer a cikin 1945. Gabaɗaya, Hedy Lamarr ya sami dala miliyan 30 daga yin fim.
Kyakkyawar Viennese ta sami rayuwa a Beverly Hills kuma ta shafa gwiwar hannu tare da mashahuran mutane irin su John F. Kennedy da Howard Hughes, waɗanda suka ba ta kayan aiki don yin gwaji a cikin tirelar ta lokacin da ba ta yin fim. A cikin wannan yanayin kimiyya ne Lamarr ta sami kiranta na gaskiya.
Hedy Lamarr mace ce mai kauna, mai kishi da rashin hankali wacce lokaci-lokaci tana jin bukatar sabon abu. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ban da ma'aurata na shari'a, kuma akwai shida daga cikinsu a tsawon rayuwarta, actress yana da masoya da yawa.
Shekaru biyu bayan tserewa daga mijinta na farko, Lamarr ta sake yin aure. Miji na biyu shi ne marubucin allo kuma furodusa Gene Macri, ya yi matukar son matarsa, amma Hedy ba ta son shi. Duk da cewa tana da miji mai ƙauna, a lokaci guda ta fara hulɗa da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo John Lauder har ma ta haifi ɗa tare da shi (kamar yadda wasu majiyoyi suka ruwaito). Macri ya yarda ya karbi dan Hedi saboda ba zai iya tunanin rayuwarsa ba tare da wannan mace mai dadi ba. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu, ta sake saki, kuma Lamarr ya fara rayuwa tare da mahaifin ɗanta, John Lauder, wanda ba da daɗewa ba suka kulla dangantakar su.
Auren jarumar na uku ya kai shekaru 4. A wannan lokacin, ta haifi Loder 'ya'ya biyu: ɗa da mace. Kuma a cikin 1947 ta bayyana sha'awar samun saki. Daga baya, wasu ƙarin auren hukuma uku suka biyo baya: tare da mawaƙa kuma mawaki Teddy Stouffer (1951-1952), mai kula da mai William Howard Lee (1953-1960) da lauya Lewis Boyes (1963-1965). .
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, makomar Hedy Lamarr ba ta fi farin ciki ba. Auren shida bai kawo mata farin ciki ba. Dangantakar da yara uku kuma ba ta dace ba.
Sau da yawa ana kiranta da "mace mafi kyau a cikin fina-finai", kyawun Hedy Lamarr da kasancewarta a allo ya sa ta zama mafi shaharar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a zamaninta.
Tabbas, aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Lamarr ya sa ta shahara, amma aikinta na kimiyya ne ya kawo mata dawwama.
Kamar dai kasancewarta kyakkyawa, ƙwararren ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo bai isa ba, Hedy kuma ta kasance mai hazaka da fasaha. Ta san ilimin lissafi sosai, kuma, ta hanyar ƙoƙarin mijinta na farko, ta kware sosai a kan makamai.
Ƙwarewarta da aikace-aikacen ta sun sami kuzari ta hanyar ganawa da mawaƙin avant-garde kuma mai ƙirƙira George Antheil. Bayan ya tattauna da jarumar wata rana, sai ya gane cewa mai magana da shi ya fi yadda ta ga dama.
Lamarr ya yaba da yadda yake amfani da kayan kida da shirye-shirye masu ban mamaki a cikin waƙarsa kuma yana son yin tinker da ƙirƙira da yawa, kamar yadda ta yi. Hedy ya sami wahayi ta hanyar yin amfani da kaset da yawa don piano na inji, yana ba da damar sake kunnawa daga wannan kayan aiki zuwa wani ba tare da shafar kiɗan ba (a zahiri, "ba tare da rasa bugun guda ɗaya ba"). Daga baya, sun sami nasarar haƙƙin ƙwaƙƙwaran fasaha na fasaha na bazuwar mitar hopping (PRFC), tare da haɗa ra'ayin da aka ambata na yin amfani da kaset ɗin takarda don kare raƙuman rediyo daga cunkoso. Kamar yadda aiki tare a hankali na kaset ɗin bugawa yana tabbatar da ci gaban kiɗan da ake kunna akan piano daban-daban, siginar rediyo yana juyawa daga wannan tasha zuwa wancan.
Wannan tunani daga baya ya zama ginshiƙi na amintattun hanyoyin sadarwa na soja da fasahar wayar hannu. A watan Agustan 1942, ita da mawaki George Antheil sun sami lamba ta lamba 2, "Tsarin Sadarwar Sirri," wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa ramut na torpedoes. Ƙimar fasahar hopping mitar ta kasance kawai shekaru da yawa bayan haka. Abin da ya sa aka ƙirƙira wani sako ne game da jirgin ruwan da aka nutse a ranar 292 ga Satumba, 387, inda yara 17 suka mutu. Ƙwarewarta na ban mamaki a cikin ainihin ilimin kimiyya ya ba ta damar sake buga yawancin bayanan fasaha na tattaunawa game da makamai da mijinta na farko ya yi da abokan aikinsa.
Tare da George, sun fara ƙirƙira wani topedo mai sarrafa rediyo, wanda ba za a iya katse shi ba ko kuma ya kutsa shi. Lamarr ya raba ra'ayi mai mahimmanci tare da Antheil: idan kun sadar da haɗin kai na manufa zuwa wani torpedo mai sarrafawa akan mitar guda ɗaya, to abokan gaba na iya sauƙaƙe siginar, matsa shi ko tura torpedo zuwa wata manufa, kuma idan kuna amfani da lambar bazuwar akan mai watsawa wanda zai canza tashar watsawa, sannan Zaka iya aiki tare da mitoci iri ɗaya akan mai karɓa. Wannan canjin hanyoyin sadarwa yana ba da garantin amintaccen canja wurin bayanai. Har zuwa lokacin, ana amfani da lambobin bazuwar don ɓoye bayanan da aka watsa ta hanyar buɗe tashoshin sadarwa marasa canzawa. Anan an sami ci gaba: an fara amfani da maɓallin sirri don canza hanyoyin watsa bayanai cikin sauri.
Tsari daga 1942 patent. Hoto: Flicker / Floor, mai lasisi ƙarƙashin CC BY-SA 2.0. (Hoto: Flickr/Floor, wanda aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin CC BY-SA 1942.)
Asalin ra'ayin, wanda aka yi niyya don magance matsalar cunkoson makamai masu linzami na rediyo a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya shafi canza mitocin rediyo lokaci guda don hana makiya gano siginar. Ta so ta baiwa kasarta karfin soja. Yayin da fasahar lokacin da farko ta hana aiwatar da ra'ayin, zuwan transistor da raguwar sa da ya biyo baya ya sa ra'ayin Hedy yana da matukar muhimmanci ga hanyoyin sadarwa na soja da na salula.
Sai dai kuma sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yi watsi da aikin saboda sarkakiyar aiwatar da shi, kuma an fara amfani da shi ne kawai a shekara ta 1962, don haka masu ƙirƙira ba su sami masarautu ba. Amma bayan rabin karni, wannan takardar shaidar ta zama ginshikin yada hanyoyin sadarwa, wadanda ake amfani da su a yau a cikin komai daga wayar salula zuwa Wi-Fi.
"Yana da sauƙi a gare ni in ƙirƙira," in ji Lamarr a cikin "Bombshell." "Ba dole ba ne in yi tunani game da ra'ayoyi, sun zo gare ni."
Amma bisa ga sabon shirin tarihin rayuwarta, tunanin fasaha shine babban gadonta. Ana kiransa Bombshell: Labarin Hedy Lamarr. Fim ɗin ya ba da tarihin haƙƙin mallaka na Lamarr da aka shigar don fasahar hopping mita a cikin 1941, maƙasudin tabbatar da Wi-Fi, GPS da Bluetooth. Mitar hopping bakan yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), wanda ake amfani da shi a yawancin fasahohin da muke amfani da su a yau. Daya daga cikin na farko shine GPS, wanda kuke amfani dashi a duk lokacin da kuka duba wurin ku a cikin manhajar taswira akan wayoyinku. Haka kuma wayoyin hannu sun yi amfani da CDMA wajen siginar wayar tarho, kuma idan ka taba zazzage wani abu ta hanyar sadarwar 3G, ka yi amfani da fasahar da aka kirkira ta Lamarr da Antheil. Fasahar tsalle-tsalle tana kewaye da mu, yana da sauƙi a ɗauka da sauƙi, amma ƙirƙira ta cancanci a yabawa da mutunta kasancewa mai ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira.
Duk da haka, Lamarr bai sami shahara da kuma diyya da ta cancanci ra'ayoyinta ba. Tabbacin, wanda ta shigar da mai ƙirƙira George Antheil, ya nemi ya kare ƙirƙirar sojan su don sadarwar rediyo da za ta iya “ɗauka” daga wannan mitar zuwa wani don hana Nazis gano abubuwan fashewar Allied torpedoes. Har wala yau, Lamarr ko dukiyarta ba su sami ko sisin kwabo daga masana'antar biliyoyin daloli da ra'ayinta ya share hanya ba, duk da cewa rundunar sojan Amurka ta bayyana a bainar jama'a ta amince da ikonta na yin hange da kuma gudummawar da take bayarwa ga fasahar.
Ayyukan Lamarr a matsayin mai ƙirƙira ba a bayyana shi ba a cikin 1940s. Sa ido ne da darektan Bombshell kuma mai haɗin gwiwar Hotunan Reframed Alexandra Dean ya yi imanin ya dace da ƴan tauraruwar fina-finan a wancan zamani.
Farfesa Jan-Christopher Horak, darektan UCLA Film and Television Archives, ya bayyana a Bombshell cewa MGM studio shugaban Louis B. Mayer, wanda ya fara sanya hannu kan Lamarr zuwa Hollywood kwangila, ya ga mata kamar yadda ake bayyana a cikin nau'i biyu: sun kasance ko dai m. ko kuma sai an dora su a kan tudu ana sha'awar su daga nesa. Farfesa Horak ya yi imanin cewa macen da ke da ban sha'awa da kuma dadi ba abin da Mayer ke son karɓa ko gabatar wa masu sauraro ba.
Wannan gagarumar nasarar da ta samu a fannin fasaha, tare da hazakar da take da ita da tauraruwarta, ya sanya “mace mafi kyau a fim” ta zama mace mafi ban sha’awa da haziki a harkar fim.
"Louis B. Mayer ya raba duniya zuwa nau'i biyu na mata: Madonna da karuwa. Ba na tsammanin ya taba yarda cewa ita wani abu ne banda na karshen, "in ji Horak a cikin fim din, yana nufin Lamarr.
Dokta Simon Naik, Shugaban Kasuwanci a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta ESSEC a Paris kuma wani ɗan'uwa na baya a Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard, ya yarda cewa Hollywood tantabaran mata. Dokta Naik yana koyar da Power Brand Anthropology a ESSEC kuma kwararre ne kan amfani da kayan tarihi na mata a cikin talla da watsa labarai.
A cewar Dokta Naik, an sanya mata a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwa uku: sarauniya mai ƙarfi da basira, gimbiya mai lalata, ko mace fatale, wanda shine haɗuwa da duka biyun. Ya ce wadannan abubuwan tarihi sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyar Girka kuma har yanzu ana amfani da su wajen nuna mata a kafafen yada labarai da tallace-tallace. Dokta Nick ya ce "femme fatale" wani nau'i ne wanda kyakkyawan, ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira Lamarr ya dace da shi, kuma ana ganin mata masu yawa a matsayin masu haɗari.
"Mace ce mai ƙarfi, mai sexy, amma mai hankali... Wannan abin ban tsoro ne ga yawancin samari," in ji Dokta Naik. "Kina nuna raunin mu ne kawai."
Dokta Naik ya lura cewa a tarihi, an sanya mata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin tsoho, firam guda ɗaya da aka ƙirƙira ta fuskar namiji. A cikin wannan tsarin, mata masu hazaka da yawa kamar Lamarr galibi ana daraja su ne kawai don yanayin jikinsu maimakon ikon yin tunani, ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira. Ana sa ran wannan bayanin game da nakasar mata zai kai ga jama'a masu ban sha'awa a duniya.
"Halin da mata suke ciki kusan kamar na kayan wasan yara ne," in ji Dokta Naik. “Ba su da ‘yancin yin zabe. Kuma wannan shine ainihin matsalar. "
Don haka, Dokta Nick bai yi mamakin yadda Lamarr ke yin kasuwanci a cikin shiryawa da shirya fina-finai ba a cikin shekarun 1940. Ko kuma an ɗauki shekaru da yawa kafin labarin Lamar ya samo asali don ba ta darajar da ta cancanci a matsayin mai ƙirƙira da ta kasance.
'Yar Lamarr, Denise Loder, tana alfahari da tunanin mahaifiyarta da kuma aikin da ta yi a duk tsawon aikinta na tura iyakokin yadda ake gane mata. Ta lura cewa mahaifiyarta tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka mallaki kamfanin samarwa kuma suna ba da labari ta fuskar mace.
"Ta kasance kafin lokacinta lokacin da ta zama 'yar mata," in ji Loder a cikin Bombshell.
("Bombshell"). "Ba a taɓa kiranta da hakan ba, amma tabbas ta kasance."
An dauki lokaci mai tsawo, amma Lamarr da Antheil a yanzu an san su a matsayin wadanda suka kirkiri mitar hopping, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth da GPS. A cikin 1997, lokacin da Lamarr ya cika shekaru 82, Gidauniyar Wuta ta Lantarki ta karrama ta da kyaututtuka biyu na nasara.
Lamarr ba ta yi tunani ba kuma ba ta ɗauki kanta ta fi na kusa da ita wayo ba. Maimakon haka, halayenta da hangen nesanta a cikin yanayi daban-daban na rayuwa ya sa ta bambanta da sauran. Tayi tambayoyi. Ta so ta inganta abubuwa. Ta ga matsaloli kuma ta san ana bukatar a warware su. Wasu mutane a rayuwarta sun ɗauki wannan a matsayin hali mara kyau, kuma sau da yawa ana sukar ta da cewa ta kasance tauraruwa mai wuyar gaske. Amma Lamarr ta yi daidai yadda take so, don haka ta yi nasara a fili. Kuma ta yaya ta yi nasara? Kamar yadda ta ce a cikin Popcorn a cikin Aljanna: Na yi nasara domin na koyi shekaru da suka wuce cewa wanda ya ji tsoron asara kudi kullum asara. Ban damu ba, shi ya sa na yi nasara.
Ta rasu bayan shekara uku.
A bara, Ƙungiyar Nishaɗi ta Dijital, ƙungiyar Amurka da ke tallafawa da haɓaka dandamali na nishaɗi, ta ba Geena Davis lambar yabo ta Hedy Lamarr don ƙirƙira a cikin masana'antar nishaɗi don aikinta kan batutuwan jinsi da kafofin watsa labarai. Kyautar ta karrama matan da suka ba da gudummawa sosai a masana'antar nishaɗi da fasaha.
Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, Lamarr shine batun Google Doodle.
Don haka idan kuna karanta wannan a wayar ku, kuyi tunanin matar da ta taimaka wajen faruwa.
Rikicin da Hedy ya nuna ya sa ta samu sabani da dukkan Hollywood kuma ya sanya ta zama ba grata a cikin da'irar fim. Lamarr ta yi wasa a fina-finai har zuwa 1958, bayan haka ta yanke shawarar yin dogon hutu. A wannan lokacin, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, Ecstasy da Ni, tare da marubucin allo Leo Guild da ɗan jarida Cy Rice. Wannan littafi, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1966, ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga aikin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.
Aikin ya ce yarinyar tana fama da ciwon nono kuma tana jima'i da maza da mata. Wadannan cikakkun bayanai sun haifar da mummunan hukunci a tsakanin jama'ar Hollywood. Marubucin ya musanta dukkan gutsutsutsun littafin, inda ya yi iƙirarin cewa mawallafa sun ƙara su a asirce, amma bayan badakalar ba a taɓa ba ta matsayin tauraro ba.
Bayan wannan, 'yar wasan mai shekaru 52 ta yi ƙoƙarin komawa kan allo, amma hakan ya hana ta sakamakon wani kamfen ɗin cin zarafi da aka ƙaddamar da ita. Rikicinta, muguwar ɗabi'arta da ɗabi'arta na bayyana ra'ayoyin da ba su da daɗi a fili game da Hollywood da ɗabi'arta sun tara manyan abokan gaba a kusa da jarumar.
A shekara ta 1997, an ba Lamarr a hukumance don gano ta, amma 'yar wasan ba ta halarci bikin ba, amma kawai ta watsa wani rikodin sauti na jawabinta na maraba.
A lokacin da ta tsufa, Hedy ta yi rayuwar kaɗaita kuma a zahiri ba ta yin magana da kowa kai tsaye, ta fi son yin magana ta waya.
Gabaɗaya, shekarun Hedy Lamarr na ƙarshe ba su kasance cikin farin ciki sosai ba, cike da abin kunya da tsegumi, da kaɗaici.
Ta shafe su a gidan kula da tsofaffi, inda ta rasu tana da shekaru 86 a duniya.
Jarumar ta mutu a Casselberry, Florida a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2000. Dalilin mutuwar Lamarr shine cututtukan zuciya. Bisa ga wasiyyar, dan Anthony Loder ya warwatsa tokar mahaifiyarsa a kasar Ostiriya, a cikin dajin Vienna.
An san cancantar Hedy Lamarr da George Antheil a hukumance kawai a cikin 2014: an haɗa sunayensu a cikin Zauren Masu ƙirƙira na Ƙasar Amurka.
Don gudunmawarta da nasarorin da ta samu a fina-finai, Hedy Lamarr ta sami kyautar tauraruwa a Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Kuma a ranar haihuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, Nuwamba 9, an yi bikin ranar masu kirkiro a cikin Jamusanci.
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Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd sau 2 mai rahusa? Nan kawai a cikin Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - daga $99! Karanta game da
source: www.habr.com