Sama da shekaru biyu sun wuce tun da muka fara samar da dandamali (sau 2 ƙasa da matsakaicin kasuwa), saboda a cikin siye, har ma a yanzu, lokacin da sabbin na'urori na zamani E5-2650 v4 suka bayyana ƙarshen rayuwa ta masana'anta, sun kashe Yuro 8500 + 21% VAT = Yuro 10285 (lokacin biya 5.7) shekaru, idan muka yi la'akari da farashin colocation da zirga-zirga kuma ba mu la'akari da farashin tallafi ko kadan):
Mun sami nasarar aiwatar da mafita ta gungu da yawa akan waɗannan dandamali don masu biyan kuɗin kasuwancin mu, da kuma daidaikun masu amfani. Mun haɓaka kuma mun sami nasarar ƙaddamar da ƙarin samfuri - sabobin kama-da-wane tare da keɓewar ajiya, wanda ya ba da damar maye gurbin layin farko na sabar sadaukarwa da samar da sabar VPS tare da albarkatun 10-40GB DDR4 RAM, 6-24 E5-2650 v4 cores, da mafi mahimmanci - 1-4 cikakken sadaukarwa 4TB HDD ko 240-480GB SSD. Mun bayyana dalla-dalla fa'idodi da rashin amfanin wannan samfur anan: (Zaɓuɓɓuka tare da RAID1 da RAID10 akwai).
Kuma duk abin da yake da kyau, mun cika tsarin tallace-tallace, an sayar da fiye da yadda aka tsara, dubban masu amfani sun sayi mafitacin mu, godiya ga wanda kusan kusan mun kawar da tsoffin sabobin tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa E3-1230 da E5620, waɗanda aka ba da umarnin. ta waɗancan masu biyan kuɗi waɗanda ba su iya samun Dell R730xd, kodayake mun sanya shi a matsayin mai arha sosai. Bayan haka, yanzu suna iya iyawa, in ji, wannan VPS (KVM) - E5-2650 v4 (24 Cores) 40GB DDR4 tare da 4 × 240GB RAID10 SSD ko 4x4TB RAID10 HDD 1Gbps 40TB don farashin E3-1230 iri ɗaya. Me ya sa ba shi da kyau maye gurbin E3-1230 da ya wuce tare da saitin fayafai iri ɗaya? Ko kuma sun zaɓi zaɓi tare da ƙarancin albarkatun sau 2 (lokacin da yawancin albarkatun ba a buƙata), kuma sun adana fiye da rabin kasafin kuɗi. A sakamakon haka, ba kawai rage farashin wutar lantarki da kiyayewa ba, saboda sababbin kayan aiki suna kasawa sau da yawa kuma da wuya su kasa kasawa, yana da ƙarfin makamashi, ƙarin masu biyan kuɗi za a iya sanya su a kan ƙananan raka'a, amma mafi mahimmanci, mun ƙara darajar abokin ciniki. gamsuwa da hidimarmu.
Koyaya, ba za mu iya gamsar da buƙatun ƙaramin ɓangaren masu biyan kuɗi ba. Bayan haka, ba shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri cikakken yanayin kama-da-wane a cikin yanayin da ya riga ya kasance (ko da yake an yi amfani da wasu dabaru don wannan ta hanyar Dockers da sauran abubuwa) + RAM “kawai” har zuwa 40GB (wannan matsalar ta kasance a wani bangare. gyara ta samfurin NVM), babu wata hanya don zaɓar matakin RAID da ake so ko ƙara ƙimar SSD, yayin da a zahiri mun sanya abokan ciniki 2 kawai akan raka'a 3. Gabaɗaya, akwai gazawa, mafita ba ta kowa ba ce.
Wataƙila zan buɗe idanun wasu, amma a cikin Netherlands, yawancin manyan cibiyoyin bayanai ba su da kayan aikin kansu, saboda yawan harajin da ke tasowa lokacin mallaka da siyan su. Komai yana ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci (kwangilar shekaru goma ko fiye) daga masana'anta (Dell, HP, Supermicro). Wanda yana da iyaka. Bayan haka, don tabbatar da ƙarancin farashi, dole ne mu watsar da duk gidan zoo na jeri kuma mu sanya hannu ɗaya, dandamali mafi inganci ga kowa da kowa. Kuma mun yi amfani da damar dandamali zuwa matsakaicin, biyan bukatun fiye da 95% na masu biyan kuɗi.
Amma sun kasa magance matsalar gaba daya. Kuma "fiye da 95%" na abokan ciniki na yanzu ba sa adawa da haɓakawa. Tabbas, ba shi da wahala a shigar da wani tsari, amma duk tambayar ita ce farashin. Ta yaya za mu yi gasa tare da manyan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun farashi yayin da har yanzu muna ba da inganci mafi inganci da kayan aiki masu inganci a farashi ɗaya ko ƙasa?
A cikin Janairu na wannan shekara, mun bude ofishin wakilin mu na Turai SIA UA-Hosting a Latvia don wannan dalili. Wannan ba kawai ya ƙara dacewa da aiki tare da mu don masu biyan kuɗi na kasuwanci ba, har ma ya ba da damar fara dawo da VAT akan sayayya, wanda kuma ya rage farashin sosai. Bayan wani lokaci, tabbas za mu raba kwarewarmu. Za a sami labarin dabam dabam game da sauƙin yin rajista a yanzu a Turai, maimakon Belize, da kuma wahalar buɗe asusun banki a ƙasar rajista, koda kuwa kuna da duk takaddun da ake buƙata don wannan. Babu wani daga cikin kamfanonin da ke taimaka muku a yau da zai ba ku asusun banki a Latvia don kamfanin Latvia, kowa zai ba da Switzerland kuma zai buƙaci Yuro 4000 kawai don taimako tare da buɗe asusu, wanda ba zai zama mai dacewa ba daga baya idan kun karɓi PayPal kai tsaye ( zai haifar da ƙarin kwamitocin kuma adadin zai kai dubun-dubatar Yuro a kowace shekara, gwargwadon yawan kuɗin ku, tunda ana amfani da ƙarin kwamitocin idan asusunku ba ya cikin ƙasar rajista).
Amma a yau bari mu ci gaba game da hardware. Mun yi dogon tunani game da abin da mafita na 1U za mu bayar. Wani nau'in uwar garken zai iya cika bukatun 5% na abokan ciniki kuma yana fadada iyawar na yanzu?
Mun shafe watanni da yawa muna tunani, zaɓe, da kimantawa. Mun kwatanta ma'auni mai inganci a gare ku. Tabbas, ba za a iya samun wani abu mafi kyau fiye da Dell R730xd tukuna :) In ba haka ba, da ba za mu ci gaba da bayar da waɗannan mafita ba, kuma ta hanyar, mun fara yin wannan tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa, waɗanda Tetradeca Core, ba Dodeca ba, wato 14 cikakkun bayanai a cikin kowane processor, 28 suna la'akari da hypertrading, har ma da mitoci na 2.6 GHz, maimakon 2.2, har ma sun yanke shawarar rage farashin, sanya kayan aiki a lokaci guda. , amma yana ba da 64GB DDR4 RAM kawai, kuma ba 128 ba, saboda ba kowa yana buƙatar haka ba:
Dell R730xd - 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - $199 / wata, kodayake idan kun biya shekaru 2, kowane wata kuma idan kun biya shekara guda zai fi tsada, duk da haka, duba yadda kyau yake da kyau. :
Muna amfani da Fortigate don tsara amintacciyar hanya ga kowane abokin ciniki zuwa sabar hayar iDrac. Godiya ga Forticlient, kuna da damar yin amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta ciki, kuma duk sauran zirga-zirgar ku ba za su wuce ta ramin VPN ba, kawai zirga-zirga zuwa cibiyar sadarwar cikin gida za ta wuce ta, wanda ya dace sosai, sabanin VPN na yau da kullun. Muna haɗa duk sabobin zuwa PDUs masu zaman kansu guda biyu (ba ma yin tsalle a kan kwasfa):
Ana haɗa kowane maɓalli na rack ta hanyar hanyoyin haɗin fiber optic na 2x10G zuwa maɓallan rarrabawa, zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ita ce ta hanyar cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda biyu. Wato, ba kawai mun ba da farashi sau 2 ƙasa da farashin kasuwa ba, amma kuma mun ba da babbar hanyar sadarwa a farashi ɗaya. Ana isar da zirga-zirgar Intanet ta masu ba da jigilar kayayyaki na Tier I kamar GTT da NTT, don haka haɗin kai ba tare da ajiyar kuɗi yana kashe kusan Yuro 7000 don 10G a cikin cibiyar bayanai kai tsaye, amma muna samar da 2N akan farashi fiye da sau 2 mai rahusa, kowane ƙarin gigabit shine $ 450 . Ee, ba shakka, wannan farashin ya haɗa da gaskiyar cewa ba kowane abokin ciniki ba zai cinye iyakar su cikakke, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa muka "hadari" ba da irin wannan farashin. Ƙididdiga - shekaru masu yawa na ƙwarewar gaske. Sabis 500 tare da haɗin gigabit da iyakar zirga-zirga na 100 TB suna cinyewa akan matsakaita game da 20 Gbit/s (kuma ba 160-200 Gbit/s ba, kamar yadda mutum zai yi tunani), waɗannan su ne ainihin bayanan. Tabbas, masu biyan kuɗi waɗanda suka fara cinyewa da yawa lokacin yin odar Unmetered ba a la'akari da su ba. Sai dai ba kowa ne yake cinye tarin tarin fuka 100 ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba ma jin tsoron siyar da zirga-zirgar mutane a farashi ƙasa da wanda mai ba da jigilar kayayyaki ke siyar da haɗin gwiwa.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, muna ba masu biyan kuɗin mu 1G ko 10G LAN, da adiresoshin IP daga cibiyoyin sadarwar RU GEO ko NL da ikon yin amfani da wutan wuta na hardware da masu sauyawa masu zaman kansu. Duk da haka, duk da cewa mun bayar da sabobin a farashin fiye da sau 2 kasa da farashin kasuwa, da kuma la'akari da premium cibiyar sadarwa - 3-4 sau ƙasa da farashin kasuwa, har yanzu ya rage a sama-bayyanan ɓangare na abokan ciniki. wanda ba zai iya samun irin wannan uwar garke ba, amma VPS (kashi na uku na uwar garken jiki) bai gamsu ba saboda dalilai daban-daban.
Mun dauki dogon lokaci muna zaɓar mafi kyawun tsari, tunda har yanzu muna son bayar da “sabbin”, amma a lokaci guda mai tsada, kuma mun yanke shawarar cewa za mu gwammace mu ba 128GB DDR3 RAM fiye da 64GB DDR4. Me ya sa?
- aiki a daidai mitar 2400 MHz, DDR3 da DDR4 sandunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna nuna sakamako kwatankwacin;
- latency don DDR4 a cikin wannan yanayin shine 15 nanoseconds, kuma don DDR3 - 11 nanoseconds, wato, a irin waɗannan mitoci, ƙwaƙwalwar DDR3 shima yana “sauri” dangane da latency;
- kowane fa'idodin DDR4 ya fara zama sananne ne kawai a mitoci sama da 3000 MHz, wanda ba lallai ba ne ga kowane mai amfani; wani lokacin latency ya fi mahimmanci.
Bambanci tsakanin DDR3-2133 da DDR4-2133 ya zama kusan maras muhimmanci ga adadin aikace-aikace, gami da shari'o'in sauya bidiyo. DDR3 yayi sauri cikin fiye da rabin lokuta.
Kuma tun da manufarmu ita ce bayar da dandamali mai ƙarancin farashi, amma a lokaci guda mai tasiri, mun yanke shawarar ƙoƙarin samar da zaɓi mai zuwa a cikin Netherlands farawa daga $ 99 / watan (farashin VPS):
Dell R420 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - oda
Na farko, muna so mu yi nazarin bukatar, tambaye ku ko mun yi kuskure? Mun riga mun shigar da yawa irin wannan dandam a cikin rack na 1U (kuma har yanzu muna da wasu dandamali daban-daban don kada su hada kayan aikin sadarwa da iko da kuma karewa :
Saituna suna tallafawa har zuwa 8 SSD drives kuma har zuwa 2 PCIe NVMe (idan ana buƙatar hanyar sadarwar 10G, to drive ɗaya, tunda katin 10G mai dual-port zai mamaye ɗayan tashar jiragen ruwa). Mun yanke shawarar ba mu samar da wutar lantarki da jinkirin HDDs tare da wannan tsarin ba, amma don samar da Samsung 960GB (MZ7LH960HAJR) guda biyu akan farashi mai kyau. Lokacin biyan kuɗin sabar na tsawon fiye da shekara guda, ƙarin abubuwan tafiyarwa suna da rahusa sau 2, kawai + $ 25 / watan kowace tuƙi. Ee, don $ 249 / wata zaku iya samun kusan 8 TB keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓiyar SSD da kyakkyawan Dell R420 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 8x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB uwar garken.
Ƙarin 1 × 3.2TB PCI-E Samsung PM1725b SSD drive zai yi tsada ≈ + $ 250 / watan (dole ne mu sami kuɗi a kan wani abu fiye da shekaru 5.7), amma rangwamen yana yiwuwa don haya na dogon lokaci. Me yasa muke shigarwa da bayar da irin waɗannan abubuwan tafiyarwa kawai, kuma ba NVMe hot-swap M2 ba? Waɗannan abubuwan tafiyarwa har yanzu sun fi kyau, latency sau da yawa ƙasa da ƙasa saboda haɗin PCI-E. Waɗannan su ne injiniyoyin da ake amfani da su, a ce, bankuna ko abokan ciniki waɗanda ke amfani da wani nau'in sarrafawa. M2s ba su da inganci don waɗannan ayyuka. Kuma ko da yake akwai TB 1.6 da 6.4 TB a kasuwa, dalilin rashin amfani da su yana da sauƙi. A cikin yanayin 1.6 TB, ƙarar ya yi ƙanƙara, za a iya amfani da ramukan PCI-E da sauri, kuma a cikin yanayin 6.4 TB, tsarin dawowa zai ɗauki tsayi da yawa, don haka 3.2 TB ya cancanci zaɓi a matsayin "zinariya". nufi".
Muna kuma ba da kulawa mai mahimmanci ga irin wannan abu kamar cableing. Bayan haka, kyawun shimfidar igiyoyi yana ƙayyade yadda arewa za ta kasance sanyi da kuma yawan kuzarin da ke faruwa a sakamakon wannan tsari. Ta hanyar haɗa igiyoyi a cikin ƙungiyoyi, muna rage yankin "tarewa" a cikin hanyar iska mai zafi kuma yana da kyau a watsar da shi daga raƙuman ruwa, tun lokacin da tashin hankali wanda ke tsoma baki tare da tasiri mai zafi yana raguwa.
Gabaɗaya na yi imanin tsarin ya yi nasara. Sai dai a shirye mu ke mu saurari suka kan wannan shawara daga masu karatun Habr. bayan haka, sau da yawa, ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayi, kun shiryar da mu kan hanya madaidaiciya, kuma muna sha'awar samar muku da mafi inganci mafita a nan gaba. Na gode sosai a gaba don wannan! An iyakance tayin da yawa kuma a halin yanzu muna da sabobin 16 a cikin Netherlands. Ba na ware cewa a nan gaba, farashin sababbin umarni na iya zama mafi girma, amma yanzu kuna da kyakkyawar dama don shirya uwar garken akan farashi mai rahusa (a zahiri, a farashin colocation, la'akari da duk fa'idodin bayyana).
Yana tafiya ba tare da faɗi cewa ga masu amfani da Habr akwai kyakkyawan kari - +1 wata kyauta lokacin biyan Dell R420 na tsawon watanni 3 ko sama da haka. (don karɓar kari, kawai ku bar lambar odar ku anan cikin sharhi kuma ku zama mai amfani da Habr mai rijista). Don haka, kuna da damar yin aiki na farkon watanni 4 akan farashin $ 119, kimanta ingancin, sannan ku canza zuwa sake zagayowar biyan kuɗi na shekaru biyu, biyan kuɗin sabis na shekaru 2 da karɓar farashi na musamman na $ 99 / watan. da uwar garken!
Muna aiki tare da jiki mutane da ƙungiyoyin doka mutane daga Tarayyar Rasha, Ukraine da sauran duniya a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniya; an kulla yarjejeniya tsakaninmu (SIA UA-Hosting, Latvia) da kamfanin ku. Tuntube mu, za mu yi farin cikin ba da haɗin kai!
source: www.habr.com