В Mun riga mun yi la'akari da tambayar "Za mu yi amfani da RAID akan SSD" ta amfani da misalin Kingston tafiyarwa, amma mun yi shi ne kawai a cikin matakin sifili. A cikin labarin na yanzu, za mu bincika zaɓuɓɓukan don amfani da ƙwararru da mafita na NVMe na gida a cikin mafi mashahuri nau'ikan tsararrun RAID da magana game da daidaitawar mai sarrafawa. tare da Kingston drives.
Me yasa kuke buƙatar RAID akan SSD?
Fa'idodin tsarin ajiya na tushen SSD akan tsararrun ajiya na HDD sun haɗa da saurin isa ga bayanai akan tuƙi da ingantaccen aikin karantawa/rubutu. Koyaya, ingantaccen aikin RAID na tushen SSD yana buƙatar ingantaccen haɗin mai sarrafawa, cache, software, da hardware. Lokacin da duk waɗannan abubuwan suka yi aiki tare daidai, SSD RAID na iya ƙetare daidaitaccen daidaitaccen tsari ta amfani da HDDs na gargajiya.
SSD na yau da kullun yana cinye ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da HDDs, don haka lokacin da kuka haɗa babban adadin SSDs a cikin tsararrun RAID, tanadin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da tsararrun HDD RAID kuma na iya fassara zuwa ƙananan farashi akan lissafin makamashi na kamfanoni.
Koyaya, SSD RAID yana da iyakancewa da rashin amfani, musamman mafi girman farashin kowane gigabyte na sarari idan aka kwatanta da rumbun kwamfyuta na kwatankwacin iya aiki. Kuma lokacin da ke tsakanin gazawar žwažwalwar ajiya na walƙiya yana iyakance ga takamaiman adadin sake rubutawa. Wato, faifan SSD suna da takamaiman rayuwar sabis, wanda ya dogara da aikin: ƙarin bayanan da aka sake rubutawa akan sa, da sauri injin ɗin zai gaza. A gefe guda, SSDs na kasuwanci suna da ingantacciyar rayuwa mai kwatankwacin kwatankwacin injina.
Yadda Kingston SSDs ke rayuwa cikin yanayin RAID tare da masu sarrafa Broadcom
A farkon zamanin SSDs, ƙirar RAID tana da nuances da yawa. Ciki har da saboda amfani da ƙarancin haƙuri HDDs. Motoci masu ƙarfi sun fi dogaro fiye da takwarorinsu dangane da faifan maganadisu. Kamar yadda muka sani, babu sassa masu motsi a cikin mafita na SSD, don haka lalacewar injiniya ta ragu zuwa sifili. Rashin gazawar tuƙi mai ƙarfi saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki shima ba zai yuwu ba, idan aka ba da cewa a matakin PC na gida da kowane uwar garken, UPS, masu karewa, har ma da wutar lantarki suna kare ku.
A lokaci guda kuma, ƙwararrun faifai masu ƙarfi suna da wani ƙari mai mahimmanci: ko da ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun ƙare don rubutawa, ana iya karanta bayanai daga gare su, amma idan faifan maganadisu ya lalace, kash.
A yau, al'ada ce ta al'ada don amfani da mafita na SSD a cikin tsararrun RAID na matakan daban-daban. Babban abu shine zaɓar SSDs masu dacewa, latency wanda kadan ne. Kuma da kyau, yi amfani da SSDs na masana'anta iri ɗaya da ƙirar iri ɗaya don kada ku ƙare tare da hodgepodge na tukwici waɗanda ke tallafawa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gini ne waɗanda aka gina su bisa tushen nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, masu sarrafawa da sauran fasahohi. Wato, idan muka yanke shawarar siyan NVMe SSDs guda huɗu ko 16 daga Kingston don ƙirƙirar tsararrun RAID, zai fi kyau idan duka sun fito daga jeri ɗaya da ƙirar ƙira.
Af, in mun ambaci masu kula da Broadcom saboda dalili lokacin da muka yi magana game da NVMe SSD daga Kingston. Gaskiyar ita ce, littattafan waɗannan na'urori nan da nan suna ba da izinin tafiyarwa masu dacewa (ciki har da mafita daga masana'antar SSD na Amurka da aka ambata), wanda mai sarrafa zai yi aiki mara kyau. Ya kamata a dogara da wannan bayanin lokacin zabar gunkin SSD-SSD don RAID.
Muna nazarin aikin SSD Kingston a cikin mafi mashahuri nau'ikan RAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
Don haka, matakin RAID na "sifili" baya samar da sake fasalin bayanai, amma yana ƙara aiki kawai. RAID 0 baya samar da duk wani kariyar bayanai kwata-kwata, don haka ba za mu yi la'akari da shi a cikin ɓangaren kamfani ba. RAID 1, a gefe guda, yana ba da cikakken sakewa amma kawai ribar aiki mai sauƙi, sabili da haka ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi idan ribar aikin ba shine babban abin la'akari ba lokacin gina tsarin SSD RAID.
RAID 1 dangane da Kingston SSDs da masu kula da Broadcom
Don haka, matakin farko na RAID wanda ya dogara da Broadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i mai sarrafa ya haɗu daga faifan Kingston guda biyu zuwa 32, waɗanda kwafin juna ne, kuma suna ba da cikakken sakewa. Idan lokacin amfani da HDDs na al'ada, saurin rubutu da bayanan karantawa sun kasance a matakin wannan HDD sosai, sannan ta amfani da mafita na NVMe SSD muna samun haɓaka sau goma cikin aiki. Musamman dangane da lokacin samun bayanai. Misali, tare da Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe SSDs guda biyu a cikin uwar garken RAID 1, muna samun IOPS bazuwar 350 da 000 rubuta IOPS.
Dangane da saurin karantawa na jeri, sakamakon zai dace da halayen drive - 3200 MB / s. Amma tunda duka NVMe SSDs suna cikin tsari, ana iya karanta bayanai daga gare su a lokaci guda, wanda ke sa ayyukan karantawa cikin sauri. Amma saurin rubuta (da'awar 2000 MB / s) zai kasance a hankali, saboda kowane aikin rubutu ana yin shi sau biyu.
RAID 1 ya dace don ƙananan ma'ajin bayanai ko kowane yanayi wanda ke buƙatar haƙurin kuskure amma ƙarancin ƙarfi. Dubi madubi yana taimakawa musamman a yanayin dawo da bala'i (aikin ya ɗan ragu kaɗan) saboda yana ba da “farfadowa” nan take na mahimman bayanai idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tafiyarwa a cikin tsararru ya gaza. Amma saboda wannan matakin na kariyar yana buƙatar ninka ƙarfin ajiya na bayanan madubi (TB 100 zai buƙaci TB 200 na ajiya), yawancin tsarin kasuwanci suna amfani da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan ajiya na tattalin arziki: RAID 5 da RAID 6.
RAID 5 dangane da Kingston SSDs da masu kula da Broadcom
Don tsara tsararrun RAID na mataki na biyar, muna buƙatar aƙalla faifai guda uku, bayanan da aka haɗa su (wanda aka rubuta a cyclyally zuwa duk faifai a cikin tsararru), amma ba kwafi ba. Lokacin shirya su, ya kamata mutum yayi la'akari da tsarinsu mafi rikitarwa, tun da yake a nan akwai irin wannan ra'ayi kamar "checksum" (ko "pararity"). Wannan ra'ayi yana nufin aikin XOR na algebra na ma'ana (aka keɓanta "OR"), wanda ke ƙayyade amfani da mafi ƙarancin faifai uku a cikin tsararru (mafi girman - 32). A wannan yanayin, ana rubuta bayanin daidaito zuwa duk "faifai" a cikin tsararru.
Don tsararru na Kingston DC500R SATA SSDs guda huɗu tare da ƙarfin 3,84 TB kowanne, muna samun 11,52 TB na sarari da 3,84 don cak. Kuma idan kun haɗa 16 Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe tuki tare da ƙarfin 7,68 TB zuwa matakin 115,2 RAID, za mu koyi TB 7,68 tare da asarar 5 TB. Kamar yadda kake gani, yawancin tuƙi, mafi kyau a ƙarshe. Hakanan ya fi kyau saboda ƙarin tuƙi a cikin RAID 0, mafi girman aikin rubutu gabaɗaya. Kuma karatun layin layi zai kai matakin RAID XNUMX.
Ƙungiyar diski RAID 5 tana ba da babban kayan aiki (musamman ga manyan fayiloli) da raguwa tare da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Wannan nau'in ƙungiyar tsararru ya fi dacewa da cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke aiwatar da ƙananan ayyukan shigarwa/fitarwa (I / O) da yawa a lokaci guda. Amma bai kamata ku yi amfani da shi don ayyukan da ke buƙatar babban adadin ayyukan rubutu don ƙananan ko ƙananan tubalan ba.
Akwai ƙarin nuance guda ɗaya: idan aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tafiyar da NVMe ya gaza, RAID 5 yana shiga yanayin lalata kuma gazawar wani na'urar ajiya na iya zama mahimmanci ga duk bayanai. Idan tuƙi ɗaya a cikin tsararrun ya gaza, mai kula da RAID yana amfani da bayanin daidaito don sake ƙirƙirar duk wani bayanan da ya ɓace.
RAID 10 dangane da Kingston SSDs da masu kula da Broadcom
Don haka, RAID 0 yana ba mu haɓaka ninki biyu cikin sauri da lokacin samun dama, kuma RAID 1 yana ba da aminci. Da kyau, za a haɗa su, kuma a nan RAID 10 (ko 1 + 0) ya zo don ceto. "Goma" an haɗa su daga SATA SSD guda huɗu ko kuma NVMe masu tafiyarwa (mafi girman - 32) kuma yana nuna tsararrun " madubai ", adadin faifai waɗanda dole ne koyaushe su kasance mahara huɗu. An rubuta bayanan da ke cikin wannan tsararru ta amfani da kafaffen toshe partitioning (kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin RAID 0) da kuma tsiri tsakanin faifai, yada kwafi a cikin "drives" a cikin tsararrun RAID 1. Kuma tare da ikon samun dama ga ƙungiyoyin tafiyarwa da yawa a lokaci guda, RAID 10 yana nuna babban aiki.
Tun da RAID 10 yana da ikon zazzage bayanai a kan nau'i-nau'i masu kamanni da yawa, wannan yana nufin zai iya jure rashin nasarar tuƙi guda biyu. Duk da haka, idan duka biyun madubi biyu (wato, duk direbobi hudu) sun kasa, za a yi asarar bayanai da babu makawa. A sakamakon haka, muna kuma samun kyakkyawan haƙuri da aminci. Amma ka tuna cewa, kamar RAID 1, tsararrun matakin na goma yana amfani da rabin jimlar ƙarfin, sabili da haka shine mafita mai tsada. Kuma da wuya a kafa.
RAID 10 ya dace don amfani tare da ɗakunan ajiya na bayanai waɗanda ke buƙatar 100% redundancy na ƙungiyoyin faifan madubi, da kuma ƙara yawan aikin I / O na RAID 0. Yana da mafi kyawun bayani don matsakaicin matsakaicin bayanai ko duk wani yanayi da ke buƙatar haƙuri mai girma. fiye da RAID 5.
RAID 50 dangane da Kingston SSDs da masu kula da Broadcom
Haɗaɗɗen tsararru mai kama da matakin 5 RAID, wanda shine matakin 50 tsararru wanda aka gina daga matakin 5. Kamar yadda yake a baya, babban makasudin wannan tsararru shine a cimma nasarar aikin sau biyu yayin da yake kiyaye amincin bayanai a cikin tsararrun RAID XNUMX. A lokaci guda, RAID XNUMX yana ba da ingantaccen aikin rubutu da ingantaccen kariyar bayanai fiye da daidaitaccen RAID XNUMX a cikin yanayin gazawar tuƙi. , sannan kuma yana iya saurin murmurewa idan daya daga cikin faifan ya gaza.
Ƙungiyar RAID 50 tana raba bayanan zuwa ƙananan ɓangarorin sannan kuma ta zazzage shi a kan kowane tsarin RAID 5. Ƙungiyar RAID 5 kuma ta raba bayanan zuwa ƙananan tubalan, ƙididdige daidaito, yin aiki mai ma'ana OR akan tubalan, sannan yana aiwatar da ayyukan toshe bayanai da kuma ayyukan daidaitawa ga kowane faifai a cikin rukunin faifai.
Kuma yayin da aikin ba makawa ya lalace idan ɗayan abubuwan tafiyarwa ya gaza, ba shi da mahimmanci kamar a cikin tsararrun RAID 5, tunda gazawar ɗaya ta shafi ɗaya daga cikin tsararrun, yana barin ɗayan yana aiki sosai. A zahiri, RAID 50 na iya tsira har zuwa takwas HDD/SSD/NVMe gazawar drive idan kowane “faifan diski” ya gaza yana cikin tsararrun RAID 5 daban.
RAID 50 shine mafi kyawun amfani da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban aminci kuma dole ne aiwatar da babban adadin buƙatun yayin kiyaye ƙimar canja wurin bayanai da ƙananan farashi fiye da RAID 10. Duk da haka, tun da ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin tafiyarwa shida don saita tsararrun RAID 50. , ba a cire gaba ɗaya farashi azaman factor. Ɗayan rashin lahani na RAID 50 shine, kamar RAID 5, yana buƙatar mai sarrafawa mai rikitarwa: kamar a cikin labarin ƙarshe daga Broadcom.
Hakanan yana da kyau a lura cewa RAID 50 yana da ƙarancin amfani da sarari diski fiye da RAID 5 saboda rabon ikon riƙe bayanan daidaito. Duk da haka, har yanzu yana da sarari mai amfani fiye da sauran matakan RAID, musamman waɗanda ke amfani da madubi. Tare da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu na faifai shida, RAID 50 na iya zama zaɓi mai tsada, amma ƙarin sararin diski yana ba da tabbacin farashi ta hanyar kare bayanan kamfani. Ana ba da shawarar irin wannan tsararrun don bayanan da ke buƙatar babban amincin ajiya, ƙimar buƙatu mai yawa, ƙimar canja wuri mai girma, da babban ƙarfin ajiya.
RAID 6 da RAID 60: mu ma ba mu manta da su ba
Tun da mun yi magana game da tsararru na matakai na biyar da na hamsin, zai zama zunubi idan ba a ambaci irin waɗannan nau'ikan tsararru kamar RAID 6 da RAID 60 ba.
Ayyukan RAID 6 yayi kama da RAID 5, amma a nan an ba da akalla guda biyu tafiyarwa, wanda ke ba da damar tsararru don tsira daga gazawar tafiyarwa guda biyu ba tare da rasa bayanai ba (a cikin RAID 5, wannan yanayin ba a so). Wannan yana haifar da dogaro mafi girma. In ba haka ba, duk abin da yake daidai yake a cikin tsararru na biyar: a cikin yanayin gazawar diski ɗaya ko biyu, mai kula da RAID yana amfani da toshe toshe don sake ƙirƙirar duk bayanan da suka ɓace. Idan faifai guda biyu sun kasa, farfadowa ba ya faruwa a lokaci guda: na farko, an sake kunna na'urar ta farko, sannan na biyu. Don haka, ana yin ayyukan dawo da bayanai guda biyu.
Yana da sauƙi a iya tsammani cewa idan RAID 50 shine matakin 60 na matakin 6, to RAID 50 shine matakin 8 na matakin 16 wanda muka yi magana akai. Wato, wannan ƙungiyar ta ajiyar RAID tana ba ku damar tsira daga asarar SSDs guda biyu a cikin kowane rukuni na RAID XNUMX. Ka'idar aiki tana kama da wanda muka yi magana game da shi a cikin sashin RAID XNUMX, amma yawan gazawar da a matakin XNUMX tsararru iya jure girma daga XNUMX zuwa XNUMX tafiyarwa. Yawanci, ana amfani da irin waɗannan tsararrun don sabis na abokin ciniki na kan layi, wanda ke buƙatar haƙuri mai girma.
Taƙaice:
Kodayake mirroring yana ba da ƙarin haƙurin kuskure fiye da RAID 50/60, yana kuma buƙatar ƙarin sarari. Tun da an ninka adadin bayanai sau biyu, a zahiri kuna samun kashi 50% kawai na jimlar ƙarfin injin da aka sanya a cikin uwar garken don yin rikodi da adana bayanai. Zaɓi tsakanin RAID 50/60 da RAID 10 zai fi yiwuwa ya dogara da kasafin kuɗin da ake samu, ƙarfin uwar garken, da buƙatun kariyar bayanan ku. Bugu da ƙari, farashin ya zo kan gaba lokacin da muke magana game da mafita na SSD (duka kamfanoni da masu amfani).
Kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci, yanzu mun san tabbas cewa tushen SSD RAID shine cikakkiyar amintaccen bayani kuma al'ada ta al'ada don kasuwancin yau. A matsayin wani ɓangare na amfani da gida, akwai kuma dalilin canzawa zuwa NVMe, idan kasafin kuɗi ya ba da izini. Kuma idan har yanzu kuna da tambaya, me yasa ake buƙatar wannan duka, koma farkon labarin - mun riga mun amsa dalla-dalla.
An shirya wannan labarin tare da goyan bayan abokan aikinmu a Broadcom, waɗanda ke ba da masu sarrafa su ga injiniyoyin Kingston don gwaji tare da injinan SATA/SAS/NVMe na kamfani. Godiya ga wannan m symbiosis, abokan ciniki ba dole ba ne su yi shakkar amintacce da kwanciyar hankali na Kingston tafiyarwa tare da HBA da RAID masu kula daga samarwa. .
Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da samfuran Kingston a kamfani.
source: www.habr.com