Sabar mai arha da aka yi daga kayayyakin kayayyakin Sinanci. Part 1, iron
Wata kyan gani mara kyau tana tsayawa akan bangon sabar al'ada. A baya akwai linzamin kwamfuta akan uwar garken
Hai Habr!
A cikin rayuwar kowane mutum, wani lokaci ana buƙatar haɓaka kwamfuta. Wani lokaci yana siyan sabuwar waya don maye gurbin wacce ta lalace ko kuma neman sabuwar Android ko kyamara. Wani lokaci - maye gurbin katin bidiyo ta yadda wasan zai iya gudana a mafi ƙarancin saitunan. Wani lokaci - shigar da SSD a cikin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka wanda kuka sanya Windows 2, amma ba ya son rayuwa akan Core2.5Duo da 32 gigabytes na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kuma koyaushe yana zubar da shafukan da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin fayil ɗin musanyawa, yana lalata saurin musayar da ba a taɓa gani ba. tare da XNUMX-gig disk.
Labarina haɓakawa ne na uwar garken da aka haɗa a cikin shekarar farko ta a cibiyar. Bukatu na sun girma a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata, kuma shi, ba shakka, ya sami karuwa a cikin RAM da sararin diski. Matsalar ita ce, tare da sabon ilimi an sami sababbin buri - sha'awar yin amfani da wannan ilimin a aikace - kuma mai yiwuwa ya daina jurewa su.
Da farko za a sami rubutun gabatarwa mai ban sha'awa, sannan kuma za a sami hotuna.
Don kawai bayyana menene uwar garken da ke akwai yanzu:
CPU: 4 rafi, 3.4 GHz
RAM: DDR3 8 GB
SSD: 250GB
Bugu da ari, da wuya a ambaci wannan uwar garken; waɗannan manyan halayen su ne kawai don akwai abin da za a kwatanta da shi kuma a bayyane yake dalilin da ya sa na yanke shawarar shawo kan kasala na kuma na kashe lokaci da kuɗi.
Har yanzu ban tabbatar da ainihin abin da zai yi aiki akan sabuwar uwar garken ba, amma wasu ra'ayoyin da ba za a iya fahimta ba sun kai ni ɗaukar ayyuka masu zuwa:
- Bayar da wasu rukunoni guda biyu. Yanzu nginx yana yin wannan, amma ba tare da mafi kyawun saiti ba. Hakanan za'a buƙaci gyara, amma ƙari akan hakan a kashi na biyu.
- Hoton fayiloli a tsaye kawai. Misali, hotuna daga wannan labarin. Suna kuma shiga ta nginx, amma ana ɗora su ta hanyar WinSCP, wanda ba shi da daɗi. Ya kamata mu tono wani abu kamar myOwnCloud domin mu iya loda hotuna cikin sauƙi da ta halitta zuwa uwar garken.
- Gina uwar garken don ayyukan dabbobi. Yanzu shine Jenkins.
- Daban-daban suna tsaye ga waɗannan ayyukan: haɓakawa, gwaje-gwajen haɗin kai, da sauransu. Har yanzu bai zo wurin siyarwa ba, amma akwai tsayawa ɗaya kawai, kodayake a cikin tashar jirgin ruwa.
- Wasu sabobin wasan, idan abokanka suna son kunna wani abu da ke buƙatar uwar garken: Starbound, Minecraft, Squad (ko da yake suna buƙatar akalla mutane arba'in). Ee, aƙalla CS 1.6.
- Injin Virtual don abokai, idan ba zato ba tsammani suna buƙatar ɗaukar wani abu a wani wuri. Ko don kanka, don samun nau'in VDI. Akwai abin da za a loda shi da shi, idan da akwai hardware.
Tsare-tsare masu nisa na siyasa:
- Mai saukar da Torrent: don tallafawa rarrabawa da ba kasafai akan tushen tracker. Gaskiya ne, muna bukatar mu gano yadda za a sauke su ta atomatik, inda za a adana su, ko mai ba da sabis zai kasance da tsayayya da rarrabawar baya kuma, mafi mahimmanci, ko mutanen da ke cikin uniform za su yi sha'awar terabytes na kiɗa da aka rarraba tare da littattafai.
- Wurin fita daga wasu TOR: yayi kyau, amma a'a. Saboda wannan dalili.
Koyaya, yana yiwuwa a ware wani ɓangare na ƙarfin zuwa analogue na yanzu rufe SETI@Home. Watakila mai habrowser da ya saba da wannan zai iya gaya mani inda zan sa zafi?
Zaɓin dandamali
Ee. Mun tsara sashin ƙarfafawa: Ina son kayan aiki, amma ba a san dalilin ba. Kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar irin kayan aikin da kuke so.
Ana yin magana akai-akai akan kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su masu arha akan Habré: ya kasance rarraba sabar ta mutumin lemu ko game da amfani da kunne flash accelerators. Kayan sana'a yana da tsada. Ga mai haɓakawa a Moscow yana da jurewa, amma tsada.
Koyaya, kayan aikin ƙwararru suna da tsada saboda kamfanoni suna da kuɗi da yawa, tallafin fasaha da garanti mai inganci sama da na kayan masarufi. Ba koyaushe ba, amma tsammanin yana canzawa a fili don mafi kyau.
Don haka, makasudin shine a haɗa uwar garken daga amfani (karanta: arha) kayan gyara da barin ɗaki don ƙaramin haɓakawa a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. Irin waɗannan kayan gyara suna da arha fiye da sababbi, kuma suna iya samun isassun albarkatun don amfanin gida na yau da kullun. (Na tsara wannan burin bayan na haɗa uwar garken. Komai yana cikin mafi kyawun hadisai na rubuta rubutun)
A sakamakon da burin, da kayan aiki ya kamata a sami daya daga cikin mafi kyau "aku / ruble" rabo, inda bit damar aku ya dogara da irin kayan aiki: RAM - girma (ba gudun, babu), faifai - girma ( da sauri), processor - wannan yana da wahala. Bari waɗannan su zama benchmark roba parrots.
Yana da kyau uwar garken yayi ƙoƙarin rashin surutu. Ba na yi alkawarin exotics a cikin nau'i na al'ada zafi bututu da fanless coolers, amma uwar garken an ƙaddara ya tsaya a cikin bedroom aka wani nesa ofishin aka dakina, don haka ina son kada ya yi ruri a rago yanayin kamar jet jirgin sama. na tashi.
Mafarin farawa shine xeons na kasar Sin mai arha, wanda na koya game da su a zamanin da, watakila ma daga Habr. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin labaran da ke wucewa, fashewar "Intel vs. AMD" holivar ya fadi. Ba shi yiwuwa a kwatanta, watakila sababbin Ryzens sun fi na'urori na Intel kyau - Ban bi su ba tsawon shekaru biyar, ko ma fiye da haka.
Don haka, kwatancen ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi biyu tare da kusan alama ɗaya na parrots bisa ga : , , , , da halin yanzu . Tabbas, na kwatanta sauran na'urori masu sarrafawa, alal misali, sabon Core i7, sabon Ryzen 7 da Ryzen 7 2600, amma babban abin sha'awa shine ainihin wannan sashe: kusan iri ɗaya ne dangane da ikon sarrafawa. A ƙarshe, wannan ba ƙoƙari ba ne don magance holivar, amma don zaɓar mai sarrafawa wanda ya fi dacewa da ni. An gabatar da E5-2696v2 da i3-2130 kawai don kwatanta da sauran na'urori masu sarrafawa da kuma uwar garken na yanzu.
AM4
LGA2011
7 2700x ku
7 2700
ku 5-2689
2x e5-2689
ku 5-2690
2x e5-2690
2x e5-2696v2
i3-2100
Rank, aku
17898
16021
10036
17945
10207
18967
23518
1839
Farashin, rubles
15200
12500
5000
10000
5500
11000
18000
1000
Thermal Power, W
105
65
115
230
135
270
260
65
Cores, pcs.
16
16
16
32
16
32
24
4
Mitar, GHz
3,7
3,2
2,6
2,6
2,9
2,9
2,5
3,1
Parrots / rubles
1,18
1,28
2,01
1,79
1,86
1,72
1,31
1,84
Aku/W
170,46
246,48
87,27
78,02
75,61
70,25
90,45
28,29
Yana da ban sha'awa don kallon teburin, bari mu dubi jadawalin cikakken parrots:
Na yi tunanin barin wannan jadawali, amma sai in kalli tebur da idona, kuma ba kowa ne ke son yin wannan ba. Don haka wannan jadawalin koyarwa ne. A gefen hagu akwai sikelin duk abin da yake, a cikin wannan yanayin m roba parrots. Sa hannu a ƙasa sune na'urori masu sarrafawa. A gefen hagu akwai Ryzens guda biyu, a tsakiyar akwai Xeons guda ɗaya da biyu. A rude, eh, amma gaskiya ne. A hannun dama akwai Xeons na ƙarni na biyu da mai sarrafa sabar na yanzu.
Bayan sanin kanku tare da wurin masu sarrafawa, yana da daraja duba jadawalin farashin aku ɗaya:
Ya nuna cewa abu mafi riba shine ɗaukar Xeon guda ɗaya na ƙarni na farko. Biyu xeons sun ɗan fi muni fiye da guda ɗaya: farashin ya ninka sau biyu, kuma ingancin ya karu da sau 1.7, wato, rabo ya ragu. Amma ƙarni na biyu Xeon ba shi da fa'ida: farashin kowane aku ya riga ya gabato Ryzen.
Kuma Ryzens suna da wadataccen kuzari ga kowane aku:
Dole ne in yarda, a wannan lokacin na ji alfahari da ci gaban ɗan adam da AMD. Wannan ba babbar hanyar ci gaba ba ce, yunƙuri ne na matse iyakar daga cikin siliki. E5-2690 ya fito a cikin 2012, da Ryzen 7 2700 a cikin 2018. Haɓakawa sau uku a cikin ingantaccen makamashi a cikin shekaru shida ba shekarun fasaha ba ne. Oh, kuma Core i3-2100 yana wani wuri gaba ɗaya ganuwa a kusurwar. Kada mu yi magana game da shi.
Matsakaicin fitarwa: Ryzens suna yayyage rabon aikin / kuzari. Ko kuma wata hanya ce ta daban ta auna TDP tsakanin AMD da Intel. Kuma xeons na kunne na ƙarni na farko da aka yi amfani da su suna da ban sha'awa dangane da ƙimar aiki / ƙimar farashi.
Don haka, zan ɗauki xeons. Ba ka manta manufar da na kafa a farkon wannan sashe ba, ko ba haka ba?
Sauran baƙin ƙarfe masu alaƙa
A zahiri, zaɓi na AMD vs Intel yana iyakance ba kawai ta hanyar mai sarrafa kayan aikin da ake amfani da shi ba. Masu sarrafawa na Zen + suna amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar DDR4 (), kuma Sandy Bridge shine DDR3 (). DDR4-2933 shine sau 1.87 cikin sauri fiye da DDR3-1600, idan na fahimci wani abu game da shi. A'a, na tuna daga kwas ɗin cibiyar yadda DDR ke aiki, tare da duk waɗannan ¬CS, RAS, CAS da sauransu. Kuma Burst Mode. Ba na so in zurfafa cikin wannan, saboda na tuna da shi sosai, kuma DDR3 an riga an zaɓi shi a fakaice ta hanyar sarrafawa, babu wata ma'ana a cikin damuwa game da shi.
Bayan haka Kudinsa daidai yake da ...
*Ba 1866 bane, amma 1778. Ban san dalilin da yasa ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 1866 ba za su iya gane 1600 ba, amma bai sauka zuwa daidaitattun XNUMX MHz ba ...
Ƙuntatawa akan soket da nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma suna shafar zaɓin motherboard: don 7k rubles iri ɗaya zaka iya samun. tare da matsakaicin 256 gigabytes na RAM, kuma yana da matsakaicin ramummuka 4 don RAM, wato, iyakance ga gigabytes 64.
Zaɓin motherboard mai soket biyu yana da buƙatu na musamman don samar da wutar lantarki: dole ne ya kasance yana da lambobi biyu na fil takwas don kunna na'urar. Wataƙila katin bidiyo zai yi aiki, amma fil ɗin sun ɗan bambanta da siffa, Na yanke shawarar kada in yi kasada kuma ban karanta takaddun ba, tunda kayan wutar lantarki suna da buƙatun da suka dace. .
Sockets a kan wannan motherboard kuma ba su da tsari sosai: tazarar da ke tsakanin su ba ta wuce santimita 10 ba, wanda ke da wahala a shigar da masu sanyaya guda biyu a layi daya. Da farko, ina so in shigar da masu sanyaya don isar da iska ta zo daga rata tsakanin su, amma fiye da haka a ƙasa.
Don ajiyar bayanai, da farko na so in ɗauki SSD wanda ya riga ya kasance a cikin tsohuwar uwar garken don tsarin, amma na yanke shawarar ɗaukar 2TB Crucial P1 tare da haɗin M1. Mahaifiyar uwa tana da masu haɗin SATA guda shida, kuma na yi shirin haɗa masu rumbun kwamfyuta na WD Red 2TB guda shida, amma yayin da nake tunanin ko ya dace a kashe wani 12k rubles akan su, an riga an siya su. Don haka ba a haɗa kafa harin ZFS a cikin kashi na biyu na labarin. Amma wannan daga baya, labarin ya koma SSD. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin ƙwararrun bita game da shi . Dabararsa ita ce arha. Dubi wannan jadawalin rikodi da kanku:
Kuna iya rubuta gigabytes 75 akan sa lokaci guda, sannan ya zama mafi muni fiye da rumbun kwamfutarka. Na gode don akalla ba ku fara juyi ba. Oh, kuma ana iya sake rubuta shi sau 200 kawai. Da me aka yi shi?!
A gaskiya ma, wannan ba abin tsoro ba ne ga yanayin da nake shirin amfani da shi: yawanci karanta bayanai da rubuta bayanan da ba su da mahimmanci ga saurin rubutu. To, ina so in yi fatan haka.
Albarkatun sake rubutawa 200x yayi daidai da kusan gigabytes 109 kowace rana har tsawon shekaru biyar. Gigabytes 109 a kowace rana bai zama daidai da gigabytes 75 a lokaci guda ba. Kuma komai yayi kyau da karatu. Ba mafi kyawun aiki ba tsakanin faifan M2, amma daidai da matakin rubutu da yake nunawa a cikin cache.
Majalisar
Idan kafin wannan akwai rubutun fasaha na bogi da aka haɗa tare da zane-zane, yanzu za a sami hotuna, wanda aka diluted da labarin fasaha.
Kwatsam da safiyar talata ma'aikacin gidan waya na Rasha Post ya kira ya ce yau zai iso da jaka. Yawancin lokaci ni kaina na ɗauki fakiti, amma a lokacin keɓe sun yanke shawarar ƙarfafa sashen bayarwa, a fili.
Bayyanar kunshin
Sinawa masu wayo sun tattara komai a cikin kunshin guda ɗaya, kodayake na ba da umarni huɗu daban-daban akan Aliexpress, don kada a yi aikin Euro ɗari biyu.
Abun cikin akwatin
Mahaifiyar uwa ta zo da dukan takardar koyarwa! Dole ne ku yi tsammani game da siginar lasifikar da kanku. Gidan yanar gizon ya ce ramukan RAM na orange sune manyan kuma yakamata a sanya su a ciki. Umarnin sun ɗan ƙasa da gaba ɗaya mara amfani. Na haɗa maɓallin wuta da shi. Af, kawai rubutu a kan akwatin shine MOTHERBOARD. Ba ta cancanci hoton nata ba, amma tabbas ta cancanci ambaton.
Muna fitar da akwati kuma mu shafe shi. Hasali ma bai dace a same shi ba, ba komai ba ne face azaba. Amma yana kama da kyan gani. An duba...
Hull, juyewar kallo
Akwai nunin faifai a cikin jiki. (Kuma ina shirin tafiyar 3.5 ". Dole ne in cire allon)
Space don faifai
Har ila yau, akwai magoya bayan da za a iya maye gurbinsu da sauri a gaban panel. Wataƙila suna da hayaniya.
Ana sarrafa su da wani abu mai rikitarwa fiye da motherboard kai tsaye
Cire murfin saman kuma duba abin da ke ciki. Idan kun kwance sukurori biyu, zaku iya matsar da sararin faifai kuma ku ba da damar yin magudi. Kuma motherboard tsarin E-ATX ne, yana ɗaukar kusan dukkan sarari a cikin uwar garken.
Samar da wutar lantarki ta asali
Ba zan iya cire wutar lantarki kawai ba; Dole ne in kwance dukkan sukurori a bayana kuma na kusan wargaza duk harka. Sai ya zama cewa an rike shi da kusoshi biyu da guntun tef. Abin nufi ne, amma yanzu zan iya amfani da irin waɗannan dabarun da kaina.
Ga shi a hagu, baƙar fata maras lafiya!
Na riga na gaji da zabar Hotunan da suka yi nasara, da zare wadanda ba a bukata don labarin, da yanke hotuna da dora su a shafin. A halin yanzu, washegari ta zo, kuma a kan teburina akwai kayan gyara na kasar Sin kawai. Dole ne ku gaggauta yin odar ku kuma ku garzaya zuwa kantin sayar da a wancan gefen Moscow.
A kofar shagon
An rufe wurin tallace-tallace, karban oda kawai a bude yake. Yana da kyau cewa yanayin yana da rana, ban san yadda zai kasance a cikin ruwan sama ba. Dole ne a kira oda ta hanyar intercom na bidiyo, abin takaici ne cewa ba a bayyana wannan da yawa ba. Zai yi kyau a buga aƙalla wasu umarni ban da “tsara nisan mita 2.” Jiran bai wuce minti goma ba, babba. Mu koma.
Masu sanyaya guda biyu, wadatar wuta ɗaya da ƙaramin SSD
Tunda masu sanyaya waɗanda suka dace da girman shari'ar suna da tsada da hayaniya, dole ne mu zaɓi zaɓi mai girma. Wannan ya cece ni daga azabar zabar wutar lantarki: tsarin ATX mai shiru, amma dole ne ku cire murfin, ko naúrar guda ɗaya, amma hayaniya da dubu biyu rubles mafi tsada. Mun fara gwada sayayya. Asalin ra'ayin masu sanyaya guda biyu shine ɗaukar iska daga cibiyar, amma ƙarfin zamewa don faifai ya yi gyare-gyare kuma dole ne a canza magoya baya zuwa busa na-lokaci. Zai zama mai ban sha'awa don lura da zafin jiki akan kristal ɗaya digiri biyu sama da ɗayan.
Har yanzu babu thermal manna
Shafa tushe na mai sanyaya da mai sarrafawa tare da barasa. Sha. Amma fasaha ce ta shekaru biyu yanzu; yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da shi da baki. Aiwatar da thermal manna daidai da wani abu lebur. A gaskiya ma, ba ni da fahimtar tsarin da ake amfani da man fetur na thermal, amma sakamakon aikina koyaushe yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau. A bayyane yake, yana da wahala a murƙushe a nan, koda kuwa manne na Moment na iya yin aiki na tsawon shekaru, ana yin la'akari da tatsuniyoyi. Yawancin lokaci ina amfani da katin filastik da ba dole ba, amma ba ni da shi a hannu. A wurinsa akwai kututture na huɗu mara ƙafa. Kada ku damu, bayan hanya na shafe shi da barasa kuma na mayar da shi a kan shiryayye.
Wani abu mai ban mamaki da damuwa
Aikace-aikacen ba shi da kyau, kuma ban danna mai sanyaya gaba ɗaya ba: za ku iya ganin ƙaura na wurin "m" dangane da cibiyar.
Sifili
Muna ƙara ƙarin Layer na thermal interface a wuraren da ba shi da ƙaranci kuma a wurare daban-daban.
Eh, mai gamsarwa
Bari mu fara shigar da motherboard. A fili akwai wani abu na daban a cikin uwar garken, kuma waɗancan ... uh... kayan aikin da aka sanya screws a ciki don tabbatar da motherboard ba su kasance a wurin da ya dace don allon E-ATX ba. Abin takaici, guntun karfen da aka cusa kayan a ciki ya bata ramuka uku sabanin na motherboard. An yi sa'a, kayan aikin da kansu ma sun rasa guda uku.
Saboda haka, motherboard yana raguwa a wuraren da aka haɗa haɗin 24-pin da masu haɗin PCI-E. A gefe guda, yana da textolite. A daya hannun, wannan shi ne wani Sin textolite, ba ka taba sanin abin da za ku yi tsammani daga gare ta. Amma dole ne ka danna hankali a kowane hali, koda PCB ce ta tabbatar da matsayin soja. A'a, a cikin wannan yanayin kuna buƙatar latsa har ma a hankali - an kuma yi shi a China, amma takaddun shaida na yanki-yanki da karɓa ya karu da farashin na'urar sau biyu dozin.
Ramuka da yawa kuma komai babu
Ka tuna da wutar lantarki a kan tef? Tarihi yana zagaye, ga maimaituwa:
Kuma a, ba na son shi
An gama taron, muna matsar da kwamfutar zuwa ɗakin ɗan'uwana, cire maɓallin madannai kuma mu saka idanu daga uwar garken kai tsaye kuma muna ƙoƙarin kunna ta. A karo na farko ba zan iya ma shiga cikin BIOS ba. Tun da xeons yawanci ba su da ginanniyar haɗin gwiwar hoto, kuma BIOS yana buƙatar nunawa akan allon, muna shigar da wasu nau'ikan katin bidiyo mai sauƙi. Allah, yaya ta yi surutu!
A karo na biyu kuma ba zan iya shiga BIOS ba. Ta hanyar rarrabuwa ta hanyar masu laifi, mun zo ga mafita: ta hanyar musanya ramin RAM da cire SSD, zaku iya shiga BIOS. Mun saka SSD a wuri kuma mu kunna kwamfutar kuma - BIOS yana lodi kuma an gano faifai. A bayyane, an sake saita wani abu saboda bacewar baturin CR2032.
Af, kun ga cewa rumbun kwamfutar tana fitowa gaba fiye da yadda ya kamata? Ya dogara da mai sanyaya. Wannan ba shine yanayin da ya dace ba don kwamfutoci na nau'in nau'i na al'ada, menene zaku iya yi?
Wuri don saitin farko
Karamin digression game da hayaniya: tare da katin bidiyo, matakin amo ya kasance a matakin 27-30 decibels, kuma bayan shigar da tsarin aiki, matakin ƙarar uwar garken ya ragu zuwa wani wuri kusa da 8-14 decibels. Yana da wuya a auna daidai daidai, tun da matakin amo na baya shima ya kasance wani wuri a cikin wannan kewayon: aikin jirgin karkashin kasa a kan titi, mirgine ƙwallaye daga maƙwabta a sama, stomping na cat, da sauransu. Sabar za ta kasance a cikin majalisar Ikea ba tare da kofofi ba, don haka wannan matakin ƙara zai dace.
Bonus
A fasaha, wannan babin ba ya da alaƙa da zaɓi da haɗa kayan masarufi, amma shigar da tsarin aiki bai kai wani babi na daban ba. Yawancin albarkatun sun riga sun bayyana shigar da wani abu akan na'urori daban-daban, kuma abin da zai faru a nan wani lamari ne na yau da kullun. Ba na son samar da ƙarin koyawa, kuma watakila kuskure ne a wancan.
Duk da haka, zan bayyana rake da na taka yayin aiwatar da shigarwar OS.
Ban shigar da Windows Server ba saboda rashin lasisi, kuma na fi amfani da mu'amala da sabar Linux. Tsohuwar uwar garken tana gudanar da Ubuntu, amma wasu VPS da ba a yi amfani da su ba suna gudana CentOS kuma suna aiki RHEL. Saboda haka, za mu yi la'akari da CentOS 8.
Muje zuwa , zazzage fayil ɗin .torrent - kuma a cikin ƴan mintuna kaɗan mun zazzage hoton gigabyte bakwai.
Muna shigar da filasha, mu nemo shi kuma mu kwafi hoton zuwa gare shi.
frog@server:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 1 14,6G 0 disk
└─sdb4 8:20 1 14,6G 0 part /media/localadmin/ANACONDA
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 24G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 128G 0 part /
└─sda1 8:1 0 243M 0 part /boot/efi
frog@server:~$ dd if=/home/frog/CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-dvd1.iso of=/dev/sdb
dd: failed to open '/dev/sdb': Permission denied
frog@server:~$ sudo !!
sudo dd if=/home/frog/CentOS-8.1.1911-x86_64-dvd1.iso of=/dev/sdbKuma mu bar shan shayi. Bayan awa daya muna da kwarin gwiwa cewa an kwafi komai da dadewa - amma shigar da sakon bai bayyana ba. Don haka har yanzu ana yin kwafi. Ok, sabon tasha, muna tambaya dd, nawa ya rage.
PID TTY TIME CMD
1075 tty5 00:00:00 bash
1105 tty5 00:00:00 sudo
1106 tty5 00:00:00 su
1112 tty5 00:00:00 bash
1825 pts/18 00:00:00 sudo
1826 pts/18 00:01:08 dd
2846 pts/0 1-23:03:42 java
5956 pts/19 00:00:00 bash
6070 pts/19 00:42:15 java
6652 pts/20 00:00:00 ps
7477 tty4 00:00:00 bash
7494 tty4 00:00:00 sudo
7495 tty4 00:00:00 su
7497 tty4 00:00:00 bash
frog@server:~$ kill -USR1 1826
-bash: kill: (1826) - Operation not permitted
frog@server:~$ sudo !!
sudo kill -USR1 1826Amsa a cikin tsohon tashar:
9025993+0 records in
9025993+0 records out
4621308416 bytes (4,6 GB, 4,3 GiB) copied, 13428,4 s, 344 kB/sKuma bayan wasu 'yan mintuna kaɗan:
14755840+0 records in
14755840+0 records out
7554990080 bytes (7,6 GB, 7,0 GiB) copied, 14971,5 s, 505 kB/sMenene ya kasance? Shin ta kwafi byte byte? Mabuɗin faifan diski mara kyau. Ko duba ingancin rikodin. A kowane hali, ya zama dole man dd kuma yi amfani da manyan tubalan kwafi, da wani abu dabam wanda ke da amfani sau ɗaya lokacin yin kwafin 64 GB HDD a 5400 rpm. Amma ko da an kwafi a cikin sauri fiye da kashi uku na USB 1.0.
Sannan daidaitaccen zaɓi na filasha kamar Na'urar Boot, Gaba, Gaba, Gaba, Gama. Babu magudi tare da rabuwar faifai ko saitunan Ethernet. Mafi yawan shigarwar OS a cikin 2020.
ƙarshe
Wannan kashi na farko na labarin shine game da kafa sabuwar uwar garken. Zan sake shi gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya, amma ina da ƙarin labarai guda biyu waɗanda ba a gama su ba a cikin zane na, waɗanda, a gare ni, sun fi ban sha'awa fiye da “har yanzu wani ginin uwar garken,” kuma kashi na biyu game da kafa software yana barazanar ba a gama da wuri ba.
Jimlar farashin ya kasance 57973 rubles. Anan akwai ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, kodayake, hanyoyin haɗin kai zuwa Aliexpress suna nuna samfuran ɗanɗano daban-daban.
RAM - 4 guda
19078 rubles
processor - 2 guda
10300 rubles
Bangon uwa - 1 guda
9422 ruble
Wurin lantarki - 1 guda
4852 ruble
Mai sanyaya - 2 guda
3722 ruble
SSD
10599 rubles
Harka Noname
free
Matsakaicin farashin mallaka shine 3.89 rubles / kWh * 0.8 kW * 24 hours * 31 days = 2315 rubles / watan. Amma wannan idan ya yi ta sussuka da ƙarfi ba tare da gushewa ba har tsawon wata ɗaya, abin da nake shakku sosai saboda rashin irin waɗannan ayyuka da kuma tsira daga baƙin ƙarfe. Don kwatanta, na high quality-sassa ne game da 25k rubles / watan.
Ina tsammanin wannan kyakkyawan uwar garken ne don kuɗi.
source: www.habr.com