Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, wani sabon ƙwararre, injiniyan DevOps, ya bayyana a cikin IT. Da sauri ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi mashahuri kuma a cikin buƙata akan kasuwa. Amma a nan ga paradox - wani ɓangare na shaharar DevOps an bayyana shi ta gaskiyar cewa kamfanonin da ke hayar irin waɗannan ƙwararrun sukan rikita su da wakilan wasu sana'o'i.
Wannan labarin ya keɓe don nazarin nuances na sana'ar DevOps, matsayi na yanzu a kasuwa da kuma abubuwan da ake so. Mun gano wannan lamari mai sarkakiya da taimakon shugaban kasa a jami'ar kan layi GeekUniversity ta Dmitry Burkovsky.
Don haka menene DevOps?
Kalmar kanta tana nufin Ayyukan Ci gaba. Wannan ba ƙwarewa ba ce sosai a matsayin tsarin tsara aiki a cikin matsakaici ko babban kamfani lokacin shirya samfur ko sabis. Gaskiyar ita ce, sassa daban-daban na kamfani ɗaya suna cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen, kuma ayyukansu ba koyaushe suke daidaitawa ba.
Don haka, masu haɓakawa, alal misali, ba koyaushe suke sanin matsalolin masu amfani ba yayin aiki tare da shirin ko sabis ɗin da aka saki. Tallafin fasaha ya san komai daidai, amma ƙila ba su san abin da ke “ciki” software ba. Kuma a nan injiniyan DevOps ya zo don ceto, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin ci gaba, inganta aikin sarrafa kansa, da inganta gaskiyar su.
Manufar DevOps yana haɗa mutane, matakai da kayan aiki.
Me ya kamata injiniyan DevOps ya sani kuma zai iya yi?
A cewar ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu bin ra'ayin DevOps, Joe Sanchez, wakilin wannan sana'a dole ne ya fahimci ƙa'idodin wannan ra'ayi sosai, kuma yana da gogewa wajen gudanar da duka biyun. Windowskuma Linux-tsarin, fahimtar lambar shirye-shirye da aka rubuta a harsunan shirye-shirye daban-daban, da kuma aiki tare da Chef, Puppet, da Ansible. A bayyane yake cewa fahimtar lambar yana buƙatar sanin harsunan shirye-shirye da dama, ba wai kawai ilimi ba har ma da ƙwarewar haɓakawa. Gwajin gwaji na samfuran software da ayyukan da aka gama shi ma abin so ne sosai.
Amma wannan shine manufa; ba kowane wakilin filin IT ke da wannan matakin ƙwarewa da ilimi ba. Anan akwai mafi ƙarancin ilimi da ƙwarewa da ake buƙata don kyakkyawan DevOps:
- GNU OS/Linux, Windows.
- Akalla yaren shirye-shirye 1 (Python, Go, Ruby).
- Harshen rubutun harsashi yana da ban mamaki lokacin aiki tare da Linux da kuma powershell idan akwai Windows.
- Tsarin sarrafa sigar - Git.
- Tsarin gudanarwa na Kanfigareshan (Mai yiwuwa, tsana, Chef).
- Aƙalla dandamalin ƙungiyar kwantena ɗaya (Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos, Amazon EC2 Container Service, Microsoft Azure Container Service).
- Ikon yin aiki tare da masu samar da girgije (misali: AWS, GCP, Azure, da sauransu) ta amfani da Terraform, san yadda ake tura aikace-aikacen zuwa gajimare.
- Ability don saita bututun CI / CD (Jenkins, GitLab), ELK tari, tsarin kulawa (Zabbix, Prometheus).
Kuma ga jerin gwaninta waɗanda ƙwararrun DevOps galibi ke nunawa akan Ayyukan Habr.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararren DevOps dole ne ya fahimci buƙatu da buƙatun kasuwancin, duba rawar da yake takawa a cikin tsarin ci gaba kuma ya iya gina tsarin yin la'akari da bukatun abokin ciniki.
Me game da ƙofar shiga?
Ba don komai ba ne aka gabatar da jerin ilimi da gogewa a sama. Yanzu ya zama sauƙin fahimtar wanda zai iya zama ƙwararren DevOps. Ya bayyana cewa hanya mafi sauƙi don canzawa zuwa wannan sana'a ita ce ga wakilan sauran ƙwararrun IT, musamman masu gudanar da tsarin da masu haɓakawa. Dukansu biyu na iya hanzarta haɓaka adadin gogewa da ilimi da suka ɓace. Suna da rabi na saitin da ake buƙata, kuma sau da yawa fiye da rabi.
Masu gwadawa kuma suna yin ingantattun injiniyoyi na DevOps. Sun san abin da ke aiki da yadda yake aiki, suna sane da gazawa da gazawar software da hardware. Za mu iya cewa mai gwadawa wanda ya san harsunan shirye-shirye kuma ya san yadda ake rubuta shirye-shirye shine DevOps ba tare da mintuna biyar ba.
Amma zai zama da wahala ga wakilin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'a waɗanda ba ta taɓa yin magana da ci gaba ko tsarin gudanarwa ba. Tabbas, babu abin da ba zai yiwu ba, amma masu farawa har yanzu suna buƙatar tantance ƙarfin su sosai. Zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa don samun "kayan da ake buƙata".
A ina DevOps za su sami aiki?
Zuwa babban kamfani wanda aikinsa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da haɓaka aikace-aikace da sarrafa kayan masarufi. Mafi girman ƙarancin injiniyoyin DevOps yana cikin kamfanoni waɗanda ke ba da sabis mai yawa don kawo ƙarshen masu amfani. Waɗannan su ne bankuna, kamfanonin sadarwa, manyan masu samar da Intanet, da sauransu. Daga cikin kamfanonin da ke hayar injiniyoyin DevOps su ne Google, Facebook, Amazon, da Adobe.
Farawa tare da ƙananan kasuwancin suma suna aiwatar da DevOps, amma ga yawancin waɗannan kamfanoni, gayyatar injiniyoyin DevOps ya fi fa'ida fiye da ainihin larura. Tabbas, akwai keɓancewa, amma ba su da yawa. Ƙananan kamfanoni suna buƙatar, maimakon, “Dan Switzerland, mai girbi, da na’urar bututu,” wato, mutumin da zai iya yin aiki a wurare da yawa. Kyakkyawan tashar sabis na iya ɗaukar duk waɗannan. Gaskiyar ita ce saurin aiki yana da mahimmanci ga ƙananan kasuwanci; inganta tsarin aiki yana da mahimmanci ga matsakaita da manyan kasuwancin.
Anan akwai wasu guraben aiki (zaku iya bin sababbi akan Ayyukan Habr a ):
DevOps albashi a Rasha da kuma duniya
A Rasha, matsakaicin albashin injiniyan DevOps shine kusan 132 dubu rubles kowane wata. Waɗannan ƙididdigar lissafin albashi ne na sabis ɗin Habr Career, waɗanda aka yi akan takaddun tambayoyi 170 don rabin 2nd na 2020. Ee, samfurin bai girma ba, amma ya dace sosai a matsayin "matsakaicin zafin jiki a asibiti."
Akwai albashi a cikin adadin 250 dubu rubles, akwai game da 80 dubu kuma kadan kadan. Duk ya dogara da kamfani, cancantar da ƙwararren kansa, ba shakka.
Dangane da sauran ƙasashe, ana kuma san kididdigar albashi. Stack overflow masu sana'a sunyi aiki mai kyau, suna nazarin bayanan martaba na kimanin 90 dubu - ba kawai akera ba, har ma da wakilan fannoni ne na fasaha gabaɗaya. Ya zama cewa Manajan Injiniya da DevOps sun sami mafi yawa.
Injiniyan DevOps yana samun kusan dala dubu 71 a shekara. A cewar majiyar Ziprecruiter.com, albashin kwararre a wannan fanni ya tashi daga dala dubu 86 a shekara. Da kyau, sabis na Payscale.com yana nuna wasu lambobi waɗanda suke da daɗi sosai ga ido - matsakaicin albashi na ƙwararren DevOps, bisa ga sabis ɗin, ya wuce $ 91 dubu. sami $135 dubu.
A matsayin ƙarshe, yana da daraja faɗi cewa buƙatun DevOps yana haɓaka sannu a hankali; buƙatun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kowane matakin ya wuce wadatar. Don haka idan kuna so, kuna iya gwada kanku a wannan yanki. Hakika, dole ne mu tuna cewa sha’awa kaɗai ba ta isa ba. Kuna buƙatar ci gaba koyaushe, koyo da aiki.
source: www.habr.com
