Kayayyakin DevOps Kowa Ya Kamata Ya Koyi A 2020

Fara amfani da mafi kyawun kayan aikin DevOps a yau!

Juyin Juya Halin DevOps ya mamaye duniya a ƙarshe kuma kayan aikin DevOps sun zama sanannen shahara. A cewar sabis Google trends, Yawan buƙatun "kayan aikin DevOps" yana ci gaba da girma, kuma wannan yanayin ya ci gaba.

Hanyar DevOps ta ƙunshi dukkan tsarin rayuwar ci gaban software, don haka ƙwararru za su iya zaɓar daga kayan aiki iri-iri. Amma, kamar yadda kuka sani, babu kayan aiki da zai iya zama kayan aiki na duniya ga kowa da kowa. Duk da haka, wasu mafita suna ba da irin wannan ayyuka masu yawa waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar kusan kowane aiki.

Bari mu raba kayan aikin DevOps zuwa rukuni kuma kwatanta su da analogues:

• ci gaba da gina kayan aikin
• gwada kayan aikin sarrafa kansa
• kayan aikin don shirya turawa
• Kayan aiki na lokacin aiki
• kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa.

Nasarar aiwatarwa da tunani Ma'aikacin DevOps ya haɗa da kayan aiki daga duk ƙungiyoyi biyar da aka jera a sama. Yi nazarin saitin kayan aiki na yanzu a cikin aikin ku don kada ku rasa wani muhimmin kashi na bututun CI/CD.

Kayayyakin Ci gaba da Gina

Wannan shine tushen tulin bututun CI/CD. Duk yana farawa a nan! Mafi kyawun kayan aiki a cikin wannan rukunin na iya sarrafa rafukan taron da yawa da haɗawa cikin sauƙi tare da wasu samfuran.

A wannan mataki na ci gaba da zagayowar rayuwa, akwai rukuni uku na kayan aiki:

• Tsarin sarrafa sigar (SCM)
• ci gaba da haɗin kai (CI)
• Gudanar da bayanai

GIT ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin abu mai kyau a cikin 2020, don haka kayan aikin ku na SCM yakamata ya sami tallafi mara aibi ga GIT. Don CI, abin da ake buƙata shine ikon aiwatarwa da gudanar da gini a cikin keɓantaccen mahalli. Idan ya zo ga sarrafa bayanai, yana buƙatar ikon yin canje-canje ga tsarin bayanai da kuma kula da bayanan bisa ga sigar aikace-aikacen.

SCM + CI Tool #1

Nasara: GitLab da GitLab-CI

Mafi kyawun kayan aiki na zagayowar DevOps na 2020 ba tare da shakka GitLab ba, kuma tabbas zai ci gaba da jagorantar ƙira a nan gaba.

Babban aikin GitLab shine samar da ingantaccen sarrafa ma'ajiyar Git. Fannin yanar gizo yana da fahimta kuma mai sauƙin amfani. GitLab yana ba da duk abin da kuke buƙata a cikin sigar kyauta kuma ya zo azaman SaaS da kan-prem (ta amfani da albarkatun ku don karɓar software).

Babu wani kayan aikin SCM da ya yi amfani da ci gaba da haɗin kai (CI) kai tsaye akan ma'ajiyar ku, kuma GitLab ya daɗe yana yin haka. Don amfani da GitLab-CI, dole ne ka ƙara fayil ɗin .gitlab-ci.yml zuwa tushen lambar tushe, kuma duk wani canje-canje ga aikin zai haifar da ayyuka dangane da ainihin abin da ka ƙayyade. GitLab da GitLab-CI sun cancanci a san su a matsayin jagorori a fagen ci gaba da haɗin kai (CI-as-code).

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Amincewa - Samfurin yana kan kasuwa tun 2013; barga; da goyon baya.
• Buɗe Source - Sigar kyauta ta GitLab baya iyakance ainihin ayyukan da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba ke buƙata. Fakitin sabis da aka biya suna ba da ƙarin fasali masu amfani ga kamfanoni masu girma da buƙatu daban-daban.
• Ƙaddamar da CI - Babu wani kayan aiki akan kasuwa da ya gina ci gaba da haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa SCM kamar GitLab-CI. Yin amfani da Docker yana tabbatar da keɓantaccen ginin ba tare da wahala ba, kuma rahotannin da aka gina suna sa yin kuskure cikin sauƙi. Ba ma buƙatar haɗaɗɗiyar haɗin kai da sarrafa kayan aikin da yawa a lokaci guda.
• Haɗin kai Unlimited - GitLab yana ba da sauƙin haɗa duk kayan aikin DevOps da kuke buƙata. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyoyin haɓakawa da kulawa suna da tushen bayanai guda ɗaya game da aikace-aikacen su a kowane yanayi.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Akwai wasu shahararrun kayan aikin a cikin wannan rukunin, amma ba su kai GitLab kyau ba. Kuma shi ya sa:

GitHub - Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin sarrafa nau'in SaaS ne don ƙananan kamfanoni da farkon matakan haɓakawa. Ga manyan kamfanoni waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don kiyaye adiresoshin IP a kan hanyar sadarwar su, kawai mafita daga GitHub shine na'ura mai mahimmanci na .OVA ba tare da goyon baya ga tsarin samuwa mai yawa ba. Wannan yana sa kula da kan-prem wahala; ban da haka, .OVA ya dace da matsakaicin kasuwanci kawai, in ba haka ba uwar garken za ta faɗo a ƙarƙashin babban nauyi. Rashin Ayyukan GitHub (har zuwa kwanan nan kuma ba tukuna a cikin sigar kan-prem) ko CI-as-code yana nufin cewa kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan aikin CI daban sannan ku sarrafa wannan haɗin kai. A ƙarshe, GitHub ya fi kowane nau'in GitLab tsada sosai.

Jenkins - Kodayake ana ɗaukar Jenkins a matsayin ma'auni tsakanin ci gaba da kayan aikin haɗin kai ta tsohuwa, koyaushe yana rasa ikon sarrafa sigar. Ya zama cewa kuna amfani da Jenkins da wani nau'in kayan aikin SCM. Yana da wahala sosai lokacin da GitLab zai iya yin duka biyun. Tsarin UX na Mediocre bai dace da aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo na zamani ba kuma yana barin abubuwa da yawa da ake so.

BitBucket/Bamboo - Dole ne in gane shi a matsayin mai hasara ta atomatik: me yasa kayan aikin biyu lokacin da GitLab yayi komai gaba daya. BitBucket Cloud yana goyan bayan ayyukan GitLab-CI / GitHub Action, amma babu wani kamfani da ya fi girma da zai iya aiwatar da shi cikin sauƙi. Sabar BitBucket na kan-prem ba ta ma goyan bayan bututun BitBucket!

#1 Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Bayanai

Nasara: FlywayDB

A cikin haɓaka aikace-aikacen yanar gizo, yawanci ba a ba da aikin sarrafa bayanai ba. Tunanin ƙaddamar da tsarin tsarin bayanai don sabbin nau'ikan aikace-aikacen ya zo a makare. Canje-canjen tsari yakan haifar da ƙara ginshiƙai ko tebur da sake suna. Idan sigar aikace-aikacen bai dace da sigar tsari ba, aikace-aikacen na iya faɗuwa. Bugu da ƙari, sarrafa canje-canjen bayanan bayanai lokacin da sabunta aikace-aikacen na iya zama ƙalubale tunda akwai tsarin guda biyu daban-daban. FlyWayDB yana magance duk waɗannan matsalolin.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Sigar Database - Flyway yana ba ku damar ƙirƙira nau'ikan bayanai, bin diddigin ƙaura na bayanai, da sauƙi canja wuri ko mayar da sauye-sauyen tsari ba tare da ƙarin kayan aiki don wannan ba.
• Binary ko Embedded - Za mu iya zaɓar gudanar da Flyway a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikace-aikacen ko azaman binary executable. Flyway yana duba dacewa da sigar a farawa kuma yana fara ƙaura masu dacewa, adana bayanan bayanai da sigogin aikace-aikace cikin aiki tare. Ta hanyar gudanar da umarnin ad-hoc layin cmd, muna ba da sassauci ga bayanan da ake da su ba tare da sake gina aikace-aikacen gaba ɗaya ba.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Babu kayan aiki da yawa a wannan yanki. Mu duba wasu daga cikinsu:

LiquiBase - Liquibase yayi kama da FlywayDB. Ina so in saita shi a saman Flyway idan ina da wani a cikin ƙungiyara tare da ƙarin ƙwarewa tare da Liquibase.

Flocker - Yana iya aiki kawai don aikace-aikacen kwantena. Don samun nasarar gudanar da rumbun adana bayanai, dole ne a tsara komai daidai. Ina ba da shawarar yin amfani da RDS (Sabis ɗin Bayanan Bayanai) don bayanan bayanai kuma kar ku ba da shawarar adana mahimman bayanai a cikin akwati.

Gwajin Kayan Aikin Automation

Bari mu fara tattaunawarmu game da kayan aikin gwaji ta hanyar rarraba su bisa dala na gwaji.

Dala na gwaji (gwaji) yana da matakai 4:

• Gwajin Raka'a - Wannan shine tushen gabaɗayan tsarin gwaji na atomatik. Ya kamata a sami ƙarin gwaje-gwajen naúrar idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje. Masu haɓakawa suna rubutawa da gudanar da gwaje-gwajen naúrar don tabbatar da cewa wani ɓangaren aikace-aikacen (wanda aka sani da "naúrar") ya dace da ƙirarsa kuma yana nuna yadda ake tsammani.
• Gwaje-gwajen bangaren - Babban manufar gwajin sassa shine tabbatar da shigar/halayyan fitarwa na abun gwajin. Dole ne mu tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da aikin abin gwajin daidai gwargwadon ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
• Gwajin haɗe-haɗe - Nau'in gwaji wanda a cikinsa ake haɗa nau'ikan software guda ɗaya kuma ana gwada su azaman rukuni.
• Gwaje-gwajen Ƙarshe-zuwa-Ƙarshe - Wannan matakin bayanin kansa ne. Muna saka idanu gabaɗayan aikace-aikacen kuma muna tabbatar da cewa yana aiki kamar yadda aka tsara.

Tunda gwaje-gwajen naúrar da gwajin ɓangarori ana yin su ta masu haɓakawa ne kawai kuma galibi ana yin takamaiman harshe, ba za mu kimanta waɗannan kayan aikin don yankin DevOps ba.

#1 Kayan aikin Gwajin Haɗin kai

Nasara: Kokwamba

Kokwamba yana haɗa ƙayyadaddun bayanai da takaddun gwaji a cikin takaddar rayuwa guda ɗaya. Takaddun bayanai koyaushe suna sabuntawa kamar yadda Cucumber ke gwada su ta atomatik. Idan kana son gina tsarin gwaji mai sarrafa kansa daga karce da ƙirar mai amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen yanar gizo, to Selenium WebDriver tare da Java da Cucumber BDD babbar hanya ce ta koyo da aiwatar da Cucumber a cikin aikin.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Hanyar BDD (Halayyar Kore Haɓaka - "ci gaba ta hanyar ɗabi'a" sabanin tsarin "ci gaban gwaji") - An tsara Cucumber don gwajin BDD, an ƙirƙiri shi ne don wannan ainihin aiki.
• Takardun Rayuwa - Takaddun bayanai koyaushe zafi ne! Tunda an rubuta gwajin ku azaman lamba, Cucumber yana gwada takaddun da aka samar ta atomatik don tabbatar da cewa gwaje-gwaje da takaddun suna aiki tare.
• Taimako - Za mu iya zaɓar daga kayan aiki da yawa, amma Cucumber yana da albarkatun kuɗi masu mahimmanci da tsarin tallafi mai kyau don taimakawa masu amfani a kowane yanayi mai wuya.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Daga cikin wasu tsare-tsare da kayan aikin fasaha na musamman, Cucumber kawai za a iya la'akari da mafita na duniya.

Kayayyakin Gwaji na Ƙarshe-zuwa-Ƙarshe

Lokacin gudanar da gwaji na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan mahimman abubuwa guda biyu:

• gwajin aiki
• Gwajin damuwa.

A gwaji na aiki, muna bincika ko duk abin da muke so ya faru da gaske. Misali, idan na danna wasu abubuwa na SPA dina (aiki guda ɗaya), cika fom ɗin kuma zaɓi "Submit", bayanan suna bayyana a cikin ma'ajin bayanai kuma saƙon "Nasara!" yana bayyana akan allon.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a gare mu mu bincika cewa ana iya sarrafa takamaiman adadin masu amfani da ke tafiyar da yanayin iri ɗaya ba tare da kurakurai ba.

Rashin waɗannan nau'ikan gwaji guda 2 zai zama babban koma baya a cikin bututun CI/CD ɗin ku.

#1 kayan aikin gwaji na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Gwajin aiki

Nasara: Sabuntawa Pro

SoapUI ya kasance a cikin sararin gwajin API na dogon lokaci tun da sabis na yanar gizo na tushen SOAP shine ma'auni. Duk da yake ba mu ƙirƙiri sabbin sabis na SOAP ba kuma sunan kayan aikin bai canza ba, wannan baya nufin bai samo asali ba. SoapUI yana ba da kyakkyawan tsari don ƙirƙirar gwaje-gwajen aikin baya na atomatik. Ana iya haɗa gwaje-gwaje cikin sauƙi tare da ci gaba da kayan aikin haɗin kai kuma ana amfani da su azaman ɓangaren bututun CI/CD.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Cikakkun bayanai - SoapUI ya daɗe a kasuwa, don haka akwai albarkatun kan layi da yawa waɗanda zasu taimaka muku fahimtar yadda ake saita gwaje-gwaje.
• Sauƙin Amfani - Ko da yake kayan aikin yana goyan bayan ƙa'idodi da yawa don gwajin APIs, kasancewar SoapUI na gama gari don ayyuka da yawa yana sa gwaje-gwajen rubuce-rubuce cikin sauƙi.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

selenium wani babban kayan aiki ne a cikin wannan rukuni. Ina ba da shawarar amfani da shi idan kuna ginawa da gudanar da aikace-aikacen tushen Java. Koyaya, idan kuna gina cikakken aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo tare da fasaha da yawa, zai iya zama mara amfani ga abubuwan da ba Java ba.

#1 kayan aikin gwaji na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Gwajin damuwa

Nasara: LoadRunner

Bayani: Lokacin da lokaci ya yi don gwada kowane nau'in aikace-aikacen ku, LoadRunner kawai zai iya kammala aikin. Haka ne, yana da tsada da wuya a farko, amma LoadRunner shine kawai kayan aiki da ke ba ni, a matsayin mai fasaha na fasaha, cikakken tabbaci cewa sabon lambar za ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin matsanancin nauyin kaya. Hakanan, Ina tsammanin lokaci yayi da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba za su karɓi LoadRunner maimakon ƙungiyoyin gwaji.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Takaddun bayanai masu yawa - LoadRunner ya kasance a kasuwa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, don haka akwai albarkatun kan layi da yawa don taimaka muku fahimtar yadda ake saita gwajin nauyi.
• Taimakon yarjejeniya - Load Runner yana goyan bayan komai daga ODBC zuwa AJAX, HTTPS da duk wata ƙa'idar da ba ta da mahimmanci aikace-aikacen ku zai iya amfani da su. Muna ƙoƙarin kada mu yi amfani da kayan aikin da yawa don gwajin lodi, saboda wannan yana dagula tsarin kawai.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Bugu da ƙari, babu kayan aikin duniya da yawa a wannan yanki, don haka mafi kyawun bayani shine wanda zai yi aiki a kowane yanayi tare da kowane fasaha.

Kayan aikin turawa

Kayan aikin turawa mai yiwuwa su ne mafi ƙarancin fahimtar yanayin ci gaba. Don ƙungiyar aiki ba tare da zurfin fahimtar lambar da aikin aikace-aikacen ba, yana da wahala a yi amfani da irin waɗannan kayan aikin. Ga masu haɓakawa, gudanarwar turawa sabon alhaki ne, don haka har yanzu ba su da isasshen ƙwarewar aiki tare da irin waɗannan kayan aikin.

Da farko, bari mu raba duk kayan aikin turawa zuwa sassa uku:

• sarrafa kayan tarihi
• daidaitawa management
• tura.

#1 Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Kayan Aikin Gaggawa

Nasara: Nexus

Ma'ajiyar kayan tarihi ta Nexus tana goyan bayan kusan kowace babbar fasaha, daga Java zuwa NPM zuwa Docker. Za mu iya amfani da wannan kayan aikin don adana duk kayan tarihi da muke amfani da su. Wakilci manajojin fakitin nesa shima yana hanzarta aiwatar da ginin CI, yana mai da fakitin samun dama ga gini. Wani fa'ida ita ce ikon samun cikakken ra'ayi na duk fakitin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan software da yawa, tare da toshe fakitin buɗe ido mara aminci (suna iya aiki azaman vector vector).

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Taimakon fasaha - Samfur mai dogaro; da goyon baya.
• Buɗe Source - Sigar kyauta baya iyakance ainihin ayyukan da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba ke buƙata.

#1 Kayan aikin Gudanar da Kanfigareshan

Nasara: Mai yiwuwa

Mai yiwuwa shugaba ne don dalili guda ɗaya: mara ƙasa. A baya can, irin waɗannan kayan aikin sun mayar da hankali kan gudanarwar jihar daidaitawa. Lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, irin wannan kayan aiki, tun da ya karɓi tsarin da ake so, zai yi ƙoƙarin gyara tsarin aikace-aikacen yanzu. Kuma tare da sabon tsarin, abubuwan da ba su da ƙasa kawai ke nan. Sabbin nau'ikan code kayan tarihi ne waɗanda aka tura don maye gurbin waɗanda suke. Ana iya la'akari da wannan a matsayin nau'i na ephemeral, yanayi na gajeren lokaci.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Maras Jiha - An ƙaddamar da littafin Playbook daga injin turawa kuma ana aiwatar da shi akan sabar da aka yi niyya. Ba dole ba ne in damu da yanayin abu mai nisa ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki kamar Packer don ƙirƙirar abubuwan da za a iya turawa.
• Buɗe Source - Kamar CentOS, RedHat kuma yana da goyan bayan Mai yiwuwa. Yana taimakawa kula da al'umma kuma yana ba da inganci mai kyau, sauƙin amfani da kayayyaki.
• Gwaji tare da Molecule (tsarin da za a iya yiwuwa) - Tunda gudanar da tsari lamba ne, kamar kowane abu, gwaji yana da mahimmanci. Tsarin gwajin rawar Molecule mai yiwuwa yana aiki ba tare da lahani ba, yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin yana da inganci iri ɗaya kuma yana bin bututun CI/CD iri ɗaya kamar lambar aikace-aikacen.
• YAML - Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan aikin, YAML ya fi sauƙin fahimta. Tunda sarrafa tsarin yawanci sabon ƙalubale ne ga waɗanda ke aiwatar da ayyukan DevOps, sauƙi shine katin sa.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

OpsCode Chef - Na fara aikina na DevOps a matsayin mai haɓaka littafin dafa abinci. Ruby da Chef tabbas abin ƙauna ne a zuciyata, amma kawai ba sa magance matsalolin rashin ƙasa na zamani, aikace-aikacen asali na girgije. OpsCode Chef babban kayan aiki ne don ƙarin aikace-aikacen gargajiya, amma a cikin wannan labarin mun mai da hankali kan gaba.

'Yar tsana - Yar tsana bai taɓa samun magoya baya da yawa ba, musamman idan aka kwatanta da Chef da Mai yiwuwa. Yana da kyau don samarwa da aiki tare da kayan masarufi, amma ba shi da tallafin sarrafa tsarin zamani don aikace-aikacen yanar gizo.

Kayan aikin turawa #1

Nasara: Terraform

Terraform yana magance matsalar siffanta ababen more rayuwa a matsayin lamba, daga abubuwan cibiyar sadarwa zuwa cikakkun hotunan uwar garke. Wannan samfurin ya yi nisa tun farkon fitowar sa, tare da ƙirƙira plugins da yawa da kuma irin wannan ƙaƙƙarfan al'umma da aka gina wanda za ku tabbatar da samun taimako a kowane yanayin turawa. Ikon tallafawa kowane nau'in yanayi (a kan-gidaje, a cikin gajimare, ko wani wuri) ba ya misaltuwa. A ƙarshe, sabuwar sigar tana ba da yawancin ayyuka na dabaru iri ɗaya da azuzuwan a cikin HCL kamar kowane yaren shirye-shirye na gargajiya, yana sa Terraform mai sauƙi ga masu haɓakawa su fahimci cikin sauri da sauƙi.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Environment agnostic - Terraform yana amfani da ayyuka waɗanda ke aiki azaman mu'amala tsakanin lambar Terraform ɗinku, duk APIs, da dabaru na ciki don sadarwa tare da mai samar da kayan more rayuwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa zan mallaki kayan aiki guda ɗaya kawai sannan zan iya aiki a ko'ina.
• Buɗe Source - Yana da wuya a doke kayan aikin kyauta! Tallafin al'umma a matakin mafi girma.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

AWS Cloud Formation - Ko da kuna aiki ne kawai a cikin yanayin girgije na AWS, aikinku na gaba zai iya amfani da kayan aiki daban. Ba da duk lokacinku da kuzarinku zuwa dandali ɗaya yanke shawara ce mai ɗan gajeren hangen nesa. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin sabbin sabis na AWS galibi ana samun su azaman samfuran Terraform kafin su kasance a cikin CloudFormation.

Kayan aiki na lokacin aiki

Babban burin kowane aikin ci gaba shine ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen zuwa samarwa. A cikin duniyar DevOps, muna so mu kasance da cikakkiyar masaniya game da duk yuwuwar matsaloli tare da muhallinmu, kuma muna son rage sa hannun hannu. Zaɓin daidaitattun kayan aikin lokacin aiki yana da mahimmanci don cimma ci gaban aikace-aikacen nirvana.

Rukunin kayan aikin runtime:

• X-as-a-service (XaaS)
• ƙungiyar makaɗa
• saka idanu
• shiga.

X-kayan aiki-as-a-sabis #1

Nasara: Amazon Web Services

Amazon ya kasance jagora a cikin fasahar girgije, amma bai tsaya nan ba: nau'ikan sabbin ayyuka don masu haɓakawa suna buɗe ido. Kawo kowane fasaha da samfuri zuwa AWS kuma za a gina shi kuma yana gudana. Farashin kayan aiki yana da ma'ana sosai: kwatanta shi tare da haɗawa, sarrafawa da kiyaye kayan aiki a cibiyar bayanan ku. Sigar kyauta tana ba ku damar yin gwaji da yanke shawara mai kyau kafin ku kashe kuɗi.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Yaɗuwa - Idan kuna da ƙwarewar ginin aikace-aikacen AWS, zaku iya aiki a ko'ina. Kasuwanci suna son AWS, kuma masu farawa kuma suna godiya da ƙarancin farashi.
• Sigar kyauta shine ainihin mahimmancin mahimmanci wanda ke keɓance AWS baya da takwarorinta. Bari in gwada sabis ɗin in ga yadda yake aiki kafin in yanke shawarar siye, ba na so in kashe dubban daloli akan wani abu da ba dole ba. The free version ne ko da yaushe isa gare ni in gwada kowane ra'ayi.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Azure "Azure ya yi nisa tun lokacin da aka sake shi na farko, kuma abin a yaba ne. Duk da haka, sha'awar zama daban-daban ya haifar da sunaye masu ban mamaki don ayyuka, wanda sau da yawa yakan rikitar da aikin. Menene ma'anar "ma'ajiyar tsutsa"? Kuma yayin da lambar .NET ta yi aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayin yanayin Microsoft, yana da wuya cewa za ku yi amfani da NET kawai don kowane ɓangaren aikace-aikacenku.

Heroku - Ba zan taɓa gudanar da wani abu ba face aikin sirri akan Heroku saboda ƙarancin aminci da gaskiya, don haka kada kamfanoni suyi amfani da shi azaman dandamali. Heroku yana da kyau don nuna wani abu akan blog, amma don amfani mai amfani - "A'a, godiya!"

#1 Kayan aikin Orchestration

Nasara: BuɗeShift

Wataƙila kuna amfani da Docker ko wasu kwantena a cikin tarin aikace-aikacen ku. Aikace-aikace marasa amfani suna da kyau, amma ƙila ba za su dace da kowane gine-gine ba. Gudun kwantena ba tare da dandamalin ƙungiyar kade-kade ba kawai ba zai yi aiki ba. Kubernetes Core (K8s) ba shi da kima ta fuskar tsaro da kayan aiki. OpenShift shine kawai tushen tushen Kubernetes wanda zai iya tattara Source2Image, yana goyan bayan tura kai tsaye zuwa kwasfa, kuma yana goyan bayan sa ido da saka idanu. OpenShift na iya gudana akan-prem, a cikin gajimare, ko kan-prem kuma a cikin gajimare a lokaci guda.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Ginin Tsaro - Sarrafa tsaron K8s na iya buƙatar babban digiri. Kowane daki-daki dole ne a yi tunani a hankali kuma a yi la'akari! Hanyoyin tsaro da aka gina ta tsohuwa tare da OpenShift suna ɗaukar nauyi daga masu haɓakawa kuma suna samar da ingantaccen dandamali don aikace-aikace.
• Duk-in-daya mafita - Ba kamar K8s na asali ba, wanda bai haɗa da kayan aikin daidaita kaya ta tsohuwa ba, OpenShift yana da duka. Zan iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙira da ɗaukar nauyin kwantena, gudanar da kayan aikin CI/CD, sarrafa hanyoyin waje, sarrafa maɓalli, da ƙari mai yawa. Kodayake ƙirar mai amfani da hoto har yanzu tana da nisa da kamala, tsarin tushen API yana nufin cewa ana iya siffanta komai a cikin rubutun. Ba kamar sauran GUIs na K8s ba, OpenShift yana sa koyon abubuwan yau da kullun na Kubernetes ya fi sauƙi. Ba kwa buƙatar samun digiri!

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Ckerungiyar Docker - Docker Swarm yayi ƙoƙarin sauƙaƙa K8s ta hanyar kawar da abubuwa da yawa. Yana da kyau ga ƙananan aikace-aikace, amma ga aikace-aikacen kasuwanci ba ya aiki. Bugu da ƙari, mafita kamar AWS ECS suna ɗaukar irin wannan hanya amma suna sauƙaƙe aiki tare da wasu ayyuka waɗanda ni ma zan iya hulɗa da su (Lambda, IAM, da sauransu).

Kayan aiki na saka idanu #1

Nasara: Sabon Relic

Fitowar farko na Sabon Relic ya yi abu ɗaya da kyau - APM (Sabidin Ayyukan Aikace-aikacen). Yanzu shine cikakken kayan aikin saka idanu wanda ke ba ku damar saka idanu uwar garke, kwantena, aikin bayanai, saka idanu na ƙwarewar mai amfani na ƙarshe, kuma ba shakka, saka idanu akan ayyukan aikace-aikacen.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Sauƙin Amfani - Lokacin da na yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan tsarin, na yi amfani da kayan aikin sa ido da yawa, amma ban taɓa cin karo da ɗaya mai sauƙi da sauƙin amfani azaman Sabon Relic ba. SaaS ne, don haka ba kwa buƙatar shigar da shi da kanku.
• Ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen gani - Wasu kayan aikin suna ƙoƙarin saka idanu ɗaya takamaiman yanki na aikace-aikacen ku. Misali, awo na amfani da na'ura mai sarrafawa ko zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa, amma duk wannan dole ne a sa ido sosai don aikace-aikacen yayi aiki daidai. Sabon Relic yana ba ku ikon tattara duk bayanan ku tare don samun cikakkiyar ra'ayi na abin da ke faruwa.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Zabbix - Tsarin sa ido na farko da na fi so, amma ya kasance a baya saboda rashin ci gaba a cikin fasahar girgije da kuma a fagen kula da ayyukan aikace-aikacen APM. Har yanzu Zabbix yana kula da ababen more rayuwa na uwar garken gargajiya da kyau, amma game da shi ke nan.

DataDog - Da yawa mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da sarrafa yanayin samarwa na aikace-aikacen, kuma ba akan lambar kanta ba. Tare da ƙungiyoyin DevOps waɗanda suka haɗa da masu haɓakawa, ba dole ba ne mu dogara ga kayan aikin masu wahala don samar da babban tallafi.

Kayan aikin shiga #1

Nasara: Splunk

Yana da wuya a yi gasa tare da Splunk! Na dogon lokaci ya kasance jagora a cikin aikin katako, yana ci gaba da yin shi fiye da kowa. Tare da sadaukarwar kan-prem da SaaS, zaku iya amfani da Splunk a ko'ina. Babban fa'ida shine farashin sa: Splunk har yanzu yana da tsada!

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Ƙarfafawa - Kasuwanci suna son Splunk, kuma kamfanoni suna da kuɗin da za su saya.
• Kodayake masu farawa suna ƙoƙarin dawo da farashi, ana iya magance ayyuka da yawa godiya ga buɗaɗɗen analogues.
• Maintainability - A sauƙaƙe, Splunk yana aiki kuma yana yin shi da kyau. Ya zo tare da saitunan tsoho da yawa da fasali shirye don amfani. Babu buƙatar ɓata lokaci don karanta takaddun da ƙoƙarin samun Splunk don aiki ko gano wani abu.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

ELK Stack (Search Elastic, LogStash da Kibana) "Wadannan kayan aikin da alama sune aka fi so saboda ba ma sai ku sayar da hantar ku don amfani da su." Koyaya, yayin da saitin log ɗin ke girma kuma adadin aikace-aikacen da ke cikin jirgin yana ƙaruwa, aikin yana ƙara wahala. Idan aka kwatanta da Splunk, tare da ELK Stack Na ɓata lokaci mai yawa don saita kayan aikin kafin ƙirƙirar kowane dashboards fiye da yadda na taɓa samu.

Kayan Aikin Haɗin kai

DevOps shine da farko game da canza al'ada a cikin ƙungiya. Siyan kowane kayan aiki ba zai canza ayyukan yau da kullun ba, amma tabbas yana iya ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da sabbin hanyoyin mu'amala.

Rukunin kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa:

• bin diddigin aiki
• ChatOps
• takardun shaida.

#1 Batutuwa Kayan Aikin Bibiya

Nasara: Jira

Jiran ya ci gaba da rike matsayinsa na jagoranci, duk da cewa fafatawa a wannan fanni na karuwa. Sassauci mai ban mamaki na Jira yana ba da damar haɓakawa da ƙungiyoyin kulawa don gudanar da ayyukan aiki da ayyukan gudu. Ƙididdigan da aka gina ta amfani da kalmomin Agile suna sauƙaƙa motsawa daga hanyoyin gargajiya na aiki zuwa ingantattun matakai.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Shahararren - Kamar sauran kayan aikin, Jira ana amfani da kusan ko'ina. Ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna amfani da mafi rahusa, mafi sauƙin sigar kuma suna samun duk abin da suke buƙata, yayin da manyan kamfanoni za su iya samun lasisi mai tsada.
• Haɗin kai - Jira majagaba ce a fagenta. Wannan gaskiyar da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar samfurin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa wasu kamfanoni sun zaɓi Jira don ƙirƙirar haɗin kansu, don haka ƙara ƙimar kayan aiki. Za mu iya haɗa Jira tare da duk kayan aikin da aka jera a cikin wannan labarin daga cikin akwatin tare da ɗan ƙaramin tsari.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Trello - Trello ya sami farin jini cikin sauri saboda kayan aikin Kanban kyauta. Koyaya, da zarar aiwatar da sikelin kuma kun tashi daga ayyuka da yawa zuwa dubbai, Trello ya zama da wahala don kewayawa, bincika, da bayar da rahoto.

Pigotal Tracker - Ni babban mai son wannan kayan aiki ne lokacin da na yi aiki don farawa. Koyaya, Pivotal Tracker ya fi mai da hankali kan sarrafa samfur maimakon ayyukan fasaha. Kodayake sarrafa samfura a Jira ya ɗan ɗan bambanta, har yanzu ana iya aiwatar da shi a can ba tare da amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki ba.

Kayan aikin ChatOps #1

Nasara: MatterMost

Bayani: Wataƙila babban abin mamaki a gare ku a zaɓi na, kuma wannan labari ne mai kyau! MatterMost ya sami shahara ta hanyar ɗaukar mafi kyawun kayan aikin da suka gabata amma sanya su kan-prem. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga kamfanoni: MatterMost yana ba ku damar sarrafa bayanan ku kuma yana taimaka muku haɗa shi da kayan aikin da ke gudana a cikin gida. Ba mu ƙara buƙatar fita waje da Tacewar zaɓi don duba taɗi na aiki.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Buɗe Source - Sigar buɗe tushen MatterMost yana aiki mai girma ga matsakaici da manyan ƙungiyoyi. Ba kamar shirin Slack na kyauta ba, wanda ke share tarihin saƙon ku, gudanar da sabar naku yana nufin ku adana duk bayanan ku.
• Haɗin kai - Tunda API ɗin ya kusan 100% dangane da Slack API, kusan duk haɗin Slack ana iya amfani dashi kai tsaye tare da MatterMost.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

slack - Slack yana da sanyi, amma waɗannan mutanen sun girma sosai har sun fara neman riba. Lokacin dawowar kasuwancin yana gabatowa, wanda ke ɗaukar babban darajar su: Slack yana ba da sabis kyauta; Mafi mahimmancin hasara na sigar kyauta shine goge tarihin taɗi.

Ƙungiyoyin Microsoft - Gwada haɗa samfurin Microsoft tare da wani abu ba na Microsoft ba... Sa'a! Abin da zan ce game da wannan kayan aiki ke nan!

Kayan Takardun Takaddun Bayanan #1

Nasara: Ruɗani

Ƙirƙirar da kiyaye ingantattun takaddun fasaha tsari ne mai rikitarwa, komai kayan aikin da kuke amfani da su. Kodayake yawancin kayan aikin kayan aikin SaaS sun shigo kasuwa kwanan nan, zan yi wuya in fitar da ajiyar kayan aikin fasaha game da aikace-aikacen mahimmancin manufa ga wani ɓangare na uku. Yana da kyau a adana bayanai da takardu a kan-prem, kuma wannan shine yadda Confluence ke warware shi.

Mabuɗin Amfani

• Sauƙi don aiki - Mafi yawan kayan aikin tsaye na iya zama ɗan rikitarwa don saitawa da aiki da buƙatar ɗan ilimin don kula da su. Confluence Server yana aiki sosai daga cikin akwatin don masu amfani 10 ko 10,000.
• Plugins - Kudos to Confluence don samun kyakkyawan kewayawa mai sauƙi don amfani daga cikin akwatin, da ikon ƙara plugin don kusan komai yana buɗe yuwuwar Wiki.

Masu gasa

Ya shiga yakin, amma bai yi nasara ba

Karanta takardun - Sanyi don buɗaɗɗen tushe, amma kar ma kuyi tunanin adana mahimman bayanai anan.

Kasancewa - Mai girma don rubuta lambar, amma yana da wahala a buga gine-gine, matakai, ko wasu nau'ikan takaddun saboda takamaiman tsarin MarkDown.

Jekyll - Lokacin rubuta ilimin fasaha, ba na son ƙirƙirar sabon rukunin yanar gizo wanda za a tura duk lokacin da aka samu canji. Tsarin sarrafa sigar sauƙi na Confluence yana sauƙaƙa da takaddun ciki sosai.

Bari mu ƙayyade sakamakon

A zahiri akwai ɗaruruwan kayan aikin DevOps akan kasuwa, yana sa da wuya a san waɗanda za a yi amfani da su da kuma lokacin da ya kamata a aiwatar da su. Bi wannan jagorar mai sauƙi don zaɓar kayan aikin DevOps don cikakken bututun CI/CD.

Tabbatar cewa kun zaɓi kayan aiki daga duk rukunoni biyar:

• ci gaba da gina kayan aikin
• gwada kayan aikin sarrafa kansa
• kayan aikin turawa
• Kayan aiki na lokacin aiki
• kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa.

Babban shawarwari: Mai sarrafa komai!

Godiya ga Zach Shapiro!

source: www.habr.com