Ƙara WDS iri-iri

Barka da rana, ya ku mazauna garin Habra!

Manufar wannan labarin ita ce rubuta ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani game da yuwuwar tura tsarin daban-daban ta hanyar WDS (Windows Deployment Services)
Wannan labarin zai ba da taƙaitaccen umarni don tura Windows 7 x64, Windows XP x86, Ubuntu x64 da ƙara kayan aiki masu amfani don taya cibiyar sadarwa kamar Memtest da Gparted.
Za a ba da labarin a cikin tsari na ra'ayoyin da suka zo a zuciyata. Kuma duk ya fara da Microsoft ...

Yanzu kuma labarin kansa:
Ba da dadewa ba, na zo da tunani mai ma'ana na tura tsarin aiki ta amfani da WDS. Idan wani ya yi mana aikin, yana da kyau. Kuma idan a lokaci guda mun koyi sabon abu, yana da ninki biyu. Ba zan yi cikakken bayani ba game da bayanin shigar da rawar WDS - Microsoft yana tafasa komai har zuwa Gaba-gaba-gaba kuma akwai tudun labarai kan wannan batu. Kuma a taƙaice zan gaya muku game da aiki tare da hotunan Windows, mai da hankali kan waɗannan lokutan da suka haifar mini da matsaloli. Za a yi bayanin tsarin da ba na Microsoft ba dalla-dalla (wanda aka fara labarin).
Bari mu fara
Sabar da za ta yi aiki azaman ajiyar hoto da mai tsara ayyuka tana da Windows Server 2008 R2 a cikin jirgi. Don wannan sabis ɗin yayi aiki daidai, ana buƙatar ayyuka kamar DHCP da DNS. Da kyau, AD shine don shigar da injuna cikin yankin. (Duk waɗannan ayyukan ba dole ba ne a ajiye su a kan injin guda ɗaya; ana iya yada su cikin duka tsarin. Babban abu shine suna aiki daidai).

1. Saita WDS

Muna ƙara ayyukan da suka wajaba kuma da sauri shiga cikin WDS console, fara uwar garken mu kuma ga masu zuwa:

• Shigar da Hotuna - hotunan shigarwa. Na musamman, kyawawan tsarin da za mu fitar da su. Don dacewa, zaku iya ƙara ƙungiyoyi da yawa ta nau'in tsarin: Windows 7, XP ko ta nau'in ɗawainiya - IT Dept, Client Dept, Servers
• Hotunan Boot - lodi hotuna. Abin da aka ɗora a kan injin da farko kuma yana ba ku damar yin kowane irin ayyuka da shi. Hoton farko da ke zuwa wurin shine wanda ke kan faifan shigarwa (na Windows 7 wannan shine babban fayil ɗin tushen da fayilolin install.wim ko boot.wim.
  Amma sannan zaku iya yin kowane irin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa daga gare su:
  • Ɗaukar hoto ko hoton rikodi - Babban kayan aikin mu yana ba ku damar yin kwafin tsarin da aka tsara, wanda a baya an sarrafa shi ta hanyar sysprep kuma shine samfurin mu.
  • Hoton Ganowa - yana ba ku damar loda hotunan tsarin da aka tsara zuwa kwamfutoci waɗanda basa goyan bayan boot ɗin hanyar sadarwa.

• Na'urori masu jiran gado - na'urorin da ke jiran amincewar mai gudanarwa don shigarwa. Muna so mu san wanda ke sanya fara'a a kan kwamfutar su.
• Multicast watsawa - multicast aikawasiku. Ana amfani da shi don shigar da hoto ɗaya zuwa babban adadin abokan ciniki.
• Drivers - direbobi. Suna taimakawa ƙara direbobin da ake buƙata zuwa hotuna akan sabar kuma suna guje wa waɗannan nau'ikan kurakurai:
  
  Bayan ƙara direbobi zuwa uwar garken WDS, dole ne a ƙara su zuwa hoton taya da ake so.

Ee, da ƙarin abu ɗaya - kuna buƙatar yin bootloaders da masu sakawa don kowane zurfin zurfin tsarin. Iri-iri a gidan namun daji yana zuwa da farashi.
A zahiri, WDS ɗinmu ya riga ya shirya. Za mu iya yin taya kan hanyar sadarwa daga na'ura kuma mu ga taga zaɓi tare da hotunan taya mu.
Ba zan bayyana duk matakan shirya kyakkyawan hoto ba, amma zan bar hanyar haɗi zuwa labarin da na yi amfani da kaina: Taimako don Windows 7 (Saboda wasu dalilai na shigar da tsohuwar sigar WAIK - 6.1.7100.0, ba shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin amsa don Windows 7 SP1 a ciki. Ina buƙatar sabon abu a yanzu - 6.1.7600.16385)
Kuma a nan har yanzu umarnin don shirya Windows XP don WDS. Ba za mu rubuta dalla-dalla ba - abubuwa masu ban sha'awa suna cikin kashi na biyu!

2. Universal bootloader

Yana da kyau a yanzu muna da irin wannan tsarin. Amfani da shi abin jin daɗi ne. Amma akwai wata hanya da za ku sauƙaƙa rayuwar ku?
Ina so in shigar da Linux ta hanyarsa!
Da farko dai, kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinku suke tunawa, shigar da Windows da Ubuntu a layi daya baya ƙarewa ga bootloader na Windows. Ana maye gurbinsa da GRUB na duniya.
Haka yake a nan. Muna buƙatar bootloader na duniya, hadu da wannan PXELINUX
1) Zazzage sabon sigar (a lokacin rubuta wannan shine 5.01
Muna sha'awar waɗannan fayilolin:
corepxelinux.0
com32menuvesamenu.c32 (zaka iya ɗaukar menu.c32 don mu'amalar rubutu lokacin lodawa)
com32chainchain.c32
Duk litattafan don amfani da wannan bootloader sun ce komai yana aiki tare da waɗannan ukun. Dole ne in ƙara ldlinux.c32, libcom.c32 da libutil_com.c32. Kuna iya yin wannan - kwafi waɗanda aka ba da shawarar kuma ku gudanar da shi. Wanne fayil za a yi kuka game da shi - kwafa shi zuwa babban fayil.
Muna kuma buƙatar fayil ɗin memdisk don saukar da iso. Mun kuma sanya shi a cikin wannan babban fayil
2) Saka su cikin babban fayil inda kake adana duk hotunan WDS. Wato a nan - RemoteInstallBootx64 (za mu shigar da 64 kawai, don 86 sanya fayiloli iri ɗaya a cikin babban fayil ɗin kuma.)
3) Sake suna pxelinux.0 zuwa pxelinux.com
4) Mu yi halitta babban fayil pxelinux.cfg don fayil ɗin sanyi, fayil ɗin kanta (riga a cikin wannan babban fayil, ba shakka) tsoho ne (ba tare da tsawo ba!) Tare da abun ciki mai zuwa:

DEFAULT vesamenu.c32
KYAUTA 0
NOESCAPE 0
BAYANI 0
# Lokaci ya ƙare a cikin raka'a 1/10 s
LOKACI 300
MENU MARGIN 10
MENU LAYYA 16
MENU TABMSGROW 21
MENU LOKACI 26
BAYANIN LAUNIN MENU 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 babu
MENU CLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #20ffffff #00000000 babu
MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 babu
MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
MENU BACKGROUND pxelinux.cfg/picture.jpg #hoton 640×480 don bango
MENU TITLE Zaɓi makoma!

LABEL wds
MENU LABEL Ayyukan Aiwatar da Windows (7, XP, Hotunan Boot)
KERNEL pxeboot.0

LABEL na gida
GABATARWA MENU
MENU LABEL Boot daga Harddisk
LOCALBOOT 0
Nau'in 0x80

5) Yi kwafin fayil ɗin pxeboot.n12 kuma a kira shi pxeboot.0
6) Bayan wannan, muna buƙatar koyar da WDS ɗinmu don yin taya daga bootloader na duniya. A cikin 2008 an yi wannan ta hanyar GUI, a cikin 2008 R2 - ta hanyar layin umarni. Buɗe kuma shigar:

• wdsutil /set-server /bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com / Architecture:x64
• wdsutil /set-uwar garken /N12bootprogram:bootx64pxelinux.com / Architecture:x64

Fitowar layin umarni:

Shi ke nan, muna taya mu ga allon da ake so:

Wannan tsari ne na asali, zaku iya daidaita shi zuwa abubuwan da kuke buƙata (tambarin kamfani, odar boot, da sauransu. A yanzu, zai iya canja wurin sarrafawa zuwa WDS kawai kuma yana sake boot daga rumbun kwamfutarka. Bari mu koya masa don booting Ubuntu!

3. Koyar da mikiya tashi

Me muke bukata a can? Ubuntu, Gparted? Bari mu ƙara memtest don oda.
Bari mu fara da mafi sauƙi:
memtest
Bari mu ƙirƙiri babban fayil daban don fayilolin Linux a cikin babban fayil ɗin Boot/x64 WDS, misali Distr. Da manyan fayiloli a ciki don tsarin mu:

Zazzagewa iso mtmtest kuma ƙara layukan masu zuwa zuwa saitunan zazzagewar mu (fayil ɗin tsoho):

alamar MemTest
MemTest86+
Kernel memdisk iso raw
initrd Linux/mt420.iso

Da wannan za mu loda ƙaramin hoton mu zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma mu ƙaddamar da shi daga can. Abin takaici, wannan bai yi min aiki da manyan hotuna ba.

Gapted
Zazzagewa sabuwar siga, Cire fakitin hoton iso kuma ɗauki fayiloli guda uku - /live/vmlinuz, /live/initrd.img da /live/filesystem.squashfs
Menene waɗannan fayilolin? (Wataƙila na yi kuskure a cikin kalmomin, ina roƙon masu karatu su gyara ni idan na yi kuskure)

• vmlinuz (wanda aka fi gani vmlinux) - fayil ɗin kwaya da aka matsa
• initrd.img - hoton tushen tsarin fayil (mafi ƙarancin buƙata don yin booting)
• filesystem.squashfs - fayilolin da kansu suke amfani da su yayin aiki

Mun sanya fayiloli biyu na farko a cikin babban fayil ɗin saukewa (a cikin akwati na shine Bootx64DistrGparted) da na uku akan uwar garken IIS (an yi sa'a an riga an shigar da shi don WSUSA).
A lyrical digression - da rashin alheri, dabara na loda wani iso image a cikin memdisk tare da babban rabo bai yi aiki a gare ni ba. Idan kun san sirrin nasara ba zato ba tsammani, wannan zai zama kyakkyawan bayani wanda zai ba ku damar yin sauri ta kowane tsari daga hoton iso.
Ƙara filesystem.squashfs zuwa IIS don a iya karanta shi akan hanyar sadarwa (kada ku manta da ƙara alamar MIME don wannan tsawo

Yanzu mun ƙara shigarwa zuwa pxelinux.cfg/default:

LABEL GPparted Live
MENU LABEL Gparted Live
KERNEL Distr/Gparted/vmlinuz
APPEND initrd=Distr/Gparted/initrg.img boot=live config union=aufs noswap nopromt vga=788 fetch=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Gparted/filesystem.squashfs

Bari mu duba - yana aiki!
Ubuntu 12.04
Na ƙara zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwa guda biyu masu yuwuwa - cikakke ta atomatik (godiya ga mai amfani Malamut don labarin kuma a cikin manual yanayin)
Zazzage fayil ɗin tare da madadin shigarwa kuma yayyage fayiloli biyu daga can (kamar yadda a da) - initrd.gz da Linux kuma saka su cikin Distr/Ubuntu
Ƙara layin zuwa pxelinux.cfg/default
domin gaba daya manual shigarwa

LABEL Ubuntu
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
APPEND fifiko = ƙananan vga = initrd na al'ada = Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz

Amma don shigarwa ta atomatik kuna buƙatar fayil tare da saitunan amsawa (zaku iya karantawa a nan) kuma za mu sanya shi a kan sabar gidan yanar gizon mu. Layin bootloader na yayi kama da haka:

LABEL Ubuntu Auto Shigar
KERNEL Distr/Ubuntu/linux
APPEND initrd=Distr/Ubuntu/initrd.gz ksdevice=eth0 locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 console-setup/layoutcode=ru url=http://192.168.10.10/Distr/Ubuntu/preseed.txt

Mai amfani don gaba
Yayin da nake duba abubuwa kan batun da neman amsoshin tambayoyina, na gano labari mai ban mamaki daga Alexander_Erofeev tare da bayanin zazzagewar Kaspersky Rescue Disk akan hanyar sadarwa. Abin takaici, bai dauke ni ba. Amma kayan aiki yana da amfani sosai (a'a, a'a, musamman masu amfani masu himma za su kama wani abu kamar haka ... Yana da amfani don samun irin wannan kayan aiki a hannu)

ƙarshe

Wannan labarin bayyani ne na iyawar da aikin Microsoft WDS ya samar muku. Lokacin da na fara wannan labarin, tsare-tsaren sun kasance masu girma: cikakken HOWTO game da duk wani nau'i na loading tsarin da aka gabatar a sama ... Amma lokacin da kayan ya fara tarawa kawai akan WDS kanta, zaren labarin ya kai ni zuwa zurfin da babu wanda zai taɓa haɗuwa, mai yiwuwa... Saboda haka mun yanke shawarar raba taƙaitaccen abin da zai yiwu kuma, idan zai yiwu, hanyoyin haɗi zuwa labarai masu kyau. Idan masu karatu suna sha'awar karantawa, ko kuma ba zato ba tsammani ina son shahara da kuɗi don sake cika taskar Habrahabr da labarai, zan iya yin ƙarin bayani a kowane mataki na kafa uwar garken WDS mai fa'ida da yawa.
Ina so in sake gode wa marubuta Alexander_Erofeev и Malamut don kayan su, wanda zai zama mai ban sha'awa ga kowa da kowa ba tare da togiya ba.
A zahiri, an riga an sami kasidu akan Habré akan maudu'i iri ɗaya, na yi ƙoƙari na haskaka batun ta wata ma'ana ta daban ko ƙara ta: Sau ɗaya и biyu, amma ba a buga ba
Gode ​​muku da hankali.
Daukaka ga robots!

source: www.habr.com