A cikin 2015 ARIN (mai alhakin yankin Arewacin Amurka) wani mai rejista wanda ya ƙare tafkin IPv4. Kuma a cikin Nuwamba, RIPE, wanda ke rarraba albarkatu a Turai da Asiya, shi ma ya ƙare.
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Halin da ake ciki a RIPE
A cikin 2012, R.I.P.E. game da farkon rarraba block na ƙarshe /8. Daga wannan lokacin, kowane abokin ciniki mai rijista zai iya karɓar adireshi 1024 kawai, wanda ya ɗan rage raguwar raguwar tafkin. Amma a cikin 2015, RIPE yana da IPs miliyan 16 kyauta; a lokacin rani na 2019, wannan adadin ya ragu. .
A karshen Nuwamba RIPE , inda suka ruwaito cewa mai rejista ya ba da IP na karshe kuma albarkatunsa sun ƙare. Daga yanzu, tafkin za a cika shi ne kawai daga adiresoshin da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suka mayar da su zuwa wurare dabam dabam. Za a rarraba su cikin tsari a cikin tubalan /24.
Wanene kuma ya bar adireshi?
Wasu masu rijista uku har yanzu suna da IPv4, amma a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata suna aiki a cikin “yanayin austerity.” Misali, a Afirka, AFRINIC ta gabatar da kayyade adadin adiresoshin da aka bayar da kuma tsauraran matakan yin amfani da su. Duk da duk matakan, masana sun yi hasashen cewa IPv4 na mai rejista na Afirka a cikin Maris 2020. Amma akwai ra'ayi cewa wannan zai faru ko da a baya - a cikin Janairu.
LACNIC na Latin Amurka yana da ƴan albarkatu da suka rage - yana rarraba katanga / 8 na ƙarshe. Wakilan kungiyar sun ce suna fitar da adireshi 1024 ga kowane kamfani. Inda Abokan ciniki waɗanda ba su taɓa karɓar su ba kawai za su iya toshewa. An dauki irin wannan matakan a cikin APNIC na Asiya. Amma a hannun kungiyar kawai kashi biyar na /8 pool, wanda kuma zai zama fanko a nan gaba.
Ba a gama ba tukuna
Masana sun lura cewa yana yiwuwa a tsawaita "tsawon rayuwa" na IPv4. Ya isa a mayar da adiresoshin da ba a da'awar zuwa tafkin gama gari. Misali, bayan kamfanin kera motoci na Ford da kamfanin inshora na Prudential Securities fiye da jama'a miliyan 16 IPv4. A cikin jigon jigo akan Labaran Hacker cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ba sa buƙatar IPs da yawa.
A lokaci guda, yana da daraja bayar da adiresoshin da aka mayar ba a cikin tubalan kamar da ba, amma a cikin adadin da ake buƙata sosai. Wani mazaunin HN cewa Spectrum/Charter da Verizon masu ba da sabis sun riga sun ɗauki wannan aikin - suna fitar da IP ɗaya daga /24 maimakon duka / 30 block.
Wasu abubuwa guda biyu daga shafin mu na Habré:
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Wata hanyar magance matsalar rashin adireshi ita ce saye da sayar da su a gwanjo. Misali, a cikin 2017, injiniyoyin MIT cewa jami'ar ta mallaki IPs miliyan 14 da ba a yi amfani da su ba - sun yanke shawarar sayar da mafi yawansu. Irin wannan labari ya faru a farkon watan Disamba a kasar Rasha. Cibiyar Bincike don Ci gaban Hanyoyin Sadarwar Jama'a (RosNIIROS) ta sanar da rufe ma'aikacin Intanet na gida LIR. Bayan haka ya kusan 490 IPV4 na kamfanin Czech Reliable Communications. Masana sun kiyasta jimillar kuɗin tafkin akan dala miliyan 9-12.
Amma idan kamfanoni sun fara sayar da IP ga juna sosai, zuwa girma na kwatance tebur. Duk da haka, akwai mafita a nan ma - (Locator/ID Separation Protocol). Anan marubutan sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da adireshi biyu lokacin da suke magana akan hanyar sadarwa. Daya shine don gano na'urori, na biyu kuma shine don ƙirƙirar rami tsakanin sabobin. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar cire adireshi daga tebur BGP waɗanda ba za a iya haɗa su cikin toshe ɗaya ba - sakamakon haka, tebur ɗin tuƙi yana girma a hankali. Tallafin LISP a cikin hanyoyin magance ku kamfanoni irin su Cisco da LANCOM Systems (haɓaka SD-WAN).
Mahimmin maganin matsalar tare da IPv4 zai zama babba . Sai dai duk da cewa an samar da wannan yarjejeniya fiye da shekaru 20 da suka gabata, har yanzu ba a yi amfani da ita sosai ba. A halin yanzu, 15% na shafukan yanar gizo suna goyan bayan sa. Duk da cewa kamfanoni da dama na daukar matakan sauya lamarin. Don haka, yawancin masu samar da girgije na Yamma don IPv4 mara amfani. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da adiresoshin da abin ya shafa (haɗe da injin kama-da-wane) kyauta.
Gabaɗaya, masana'antun kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da masu ba da sabis na Intanet suna jin daɗin matsawa zuwa IPv6. Amma a kai a kai suna fuskantar matsaloli yayin hijira. Za mu shirya abubuwa daban game da waɗannan matsaloli da hanyoyin magance su.
Abin da muka rubuta game da shi a cikin VAS Experts blog:
source: www.habr.com