Shin akwai rayuwa bayan Windows ko a ina yakamata mai gudanarwa / injiniyan tsarin Windows ya haɓaka a cikin 2020?

Gabatarwa

2019 sannu a hankali amma tabbas yana zuwa ga ƙarshe na ma'ana. Masana'antar IT ta ci gaba da haɓakawa sosai, tana faranta mana rai da sabbin fasahohi da yawa kuma, a lokaci guda, sake cika ƙamus ɗinmu tare da sabbin ma'anoni: Big Data, AI, Koyarwar Inji (ML), IoT, 5G, da sauransu. , Injiniya Amintaccen Yanar Gizo an tattauna musamman sau da yawa (SRE), DevOps, microservices da kuma lissafin girgije.

Wasu fasahohin, alal misali, Blockchain da cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, da dai sauransu), da alama sun riga sun wuce kololuwar shahararsu (hype), don haka jama'a suna da damar da za su kalli su cikin hankali, suna gano su. abubuwa masu kyau da marasa kyau, da kuma yanke shawarar inda kuma yadda ya fi dacewa don amfani da su. Ana iya samun daidaiton kallon batun Blockchain da cryptocurrencies a ciki Labarin Alexey Malanov daga Kaspersky Lab. Ina bayar da shawarar sosai a duba shi.

Sauran fasahohin har yanzu suna samun karbuwa ne kawai, suna samar da al'umma masu aiki a kusa da su, gami da ba kawai masu goyon baya da mabiya ba, har ma da abokan adawa masu tsauri.

Shin kowa yana shiga DevOps?

DevOps, sabuwar hanyar haɓaka software da aiki, za ta sami ambato ta musamman daga gare ni a yau, saboda ... Lallai an yi taɗi da muhawara da yawa kan wannan batu a wannan shekara.

Kalmar DevOps a yau ana fassara shi sosai. Wasu mutane sun fahimci DevOps a matsayin wata hanya ta musamman don haɓaka software da aiki, lokacin da mutanen da za su iya yin ƴan coding da gudanarwa suna cikin aikin. Ga wasu, wannan shine, da farko, kasancewar masu gudanar da tsarin nasu na sirri a cikin ƙungiyar, wanda ke ba su damar sauke masu haɓaka software na ɓangare na nauyin da ba na asali ba a cikin hanyar kafa yanayin tsarin, ƙirƙirar yanayin gwaji. , aiwatar da haɗin kai tare da ayyuka na ciki da na waje, da kuma rubuta rubutun atomatik. Ga wasu, saitin fasahohin zamani ne da kayan aikin da ake buƙatar amfani da su don kasancewa matasa da nasara koyaushe. Na huɗu, CICD ne kuma duk abin da ke da alaƙa da shi. Lallai akwai fassarori da yawa na DevOps, don haka kowa zai iya samun kansa a cikin su abin da ya fi so.

Fassara daban-daban na DevOps suna haifar da zazzafan tattaunawa, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar ƙarin labarai akan wannan batu. Har na ajiye wasu daga cikinsu zuwa alamomina:

1. Su waye DevOps?
2. Yadda ake shiga DevOps, yadda ake karatu da abin da ake karantawa.
3. Me yasa yakamata Masu Gudanar da Tsari su zama Injiniyoyi na DevOps.

Idan kun karanta isassun labaran da ke yabon DevOps, za ku iya samun ra'ayi cewa kowane injiniyan mai kula da tsarin kawai yana buƙatar canza matsayinsa na yanzu a cikin bayanin martabarsa na LinkedIN daga injiniyan gudanarwa zuwa DevOps, kuma nan da nan zai fara karɓar gayyata don tambayoyi daga HR daga manyan kuma kamfanoni masu nasara , waɗanda za su yi alkawarin albashi sau 2 mafi girma fiye da na yanzu, za su ba ku sabon Macbook, hoverboard, kuma ba za su manta game da biyan kuɗi don sake cika vape kyauta da kuma adadin santsi mara iyaka. Gabaɗaya, aljannar IT zata zo.

Idan ka karanta labaran da suka rage darajar DevOps, za ka fara samun ra'ayi daban-daban cewa DevOps wani sabon nau'i ne na bautar, inda mutane ya kamata su yi code kusan daidai da matakin masu haɓakawa, taimaka musu gyara kwari, magance aiki da kai da CICD, tura Jira tare da Wiki, jujjuya gizagizai, tattara kwantena da sarrafa su, yayin da ake aiwatar da aikin gudanarwa lokaci guda, ba tare da mantawa game da sake cika harsashi ba, murƙushe igiyoyin igiyoyi biyu masu murɗa da furannin ofis na shayarwa.

Amma, kamar yadda ka sani, gaskiya yawanci wani wuri ne a tsakiya, don haka a yau za mu yi kokarin gano ta kadan.

Shin an daina buƙatar admins?

A matsayina na mai kula da tsarin kuma injiniya wanda ke aiki tare da samfuran Microsoft da VMware na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, na fara lura cewa a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata an yi taɗi na lokaci-lokaci cewa masu gudanar da tsarin ba da daɗewa ba za su kasance da amfani ga kowa, saboda:

1. Dukkanin ababen more rayuwa suna gab da canzawa kuma su zama IaaC (Kayan aiki azaman lamba). Yanzu ba za a sami GUI tare da maɓalli ba, amma kawai PowerShell, fayilolin yaml, saiti, da sauransu. Idan wani sabis ko bangarensa ya lalace, to babu bukatar a sake gyara shi, saboda... da sauri tura sabon kwafinsa daga yanayin aiki na ƙarshe.
2. Dukkanin kayan aikin IT ba da daɗewa ba za su matsa zuwa gajimare, kuma a cikin gida (a kan-gida) za a sami igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa mafi kusa, wanda zai haɗa mu tare da duk sauran albarkatun kamfanoni da ke cikin girgije. To, a mafi yawan, na'urar za ta kasance a cikin gida don 'yan mata daga sashen lissafin kuɗi za su iya buga hotunan kuliyoyi daga Intanet a kai. Duk abin da ya kamata ya kasance a cikin gajimare.
3. DevOps gurus zai zo ya sarrafa duk abin da ke kewaye da su, don haka admins kawai za su tuna tare da jin daɗi a cikin ransu yadda a zamanin da suka yi ta pings da gano abubuwan gano asali a kan hanyar sadarwa da kuma a kan sabobin.
4. Na kuma ji labarin irin wannan al'amari kamar "Vendekapets", amma wannan ya daɗe da wuce, a farkon aikina, lokacin da nake fara ɗaukar matakai na na farko don gudanar da tsarin. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, "Vendekapets" bai taɓa zuwa ba, kamar ƙarshen duniya bisa kalandar Mayan. Daidaito? Kar kayi tunani. 🙂

Shin masu gudanar da tsarin Windows, waɗanda ke aiki tare da samfuran Microsoft a yau, ba da daɗewa ba za su yi amfani ga kowa? Ko kuwa har yanzu akwai bukatar su? Shin masu gudanar da Windows za su ci gaba da sanya matsayinsu na masu gudanarwa da injiniyoyi, ko za a mayar da su zuwa aikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata ala anykey (ba, bayarwa, kawo)?

Ko a nan habr.com a cikin cibiyar "System Administration" muna ganin kawai ambaton kubernetes, Linux, devops, docker, open source, zabbix. Ina kalmomin da muke ƙauna sosai: Windows, Directory Active, Exchange, Cibiyar Tsari, Tasha, Sabar Buga, Sabar Fayil, rubutun jemage da vbs, ko aƙalla powershell. Ina duk wannan?

Don haka akwai rayuwa bayan Windows ko yakamata masu gudanar da tsarin Windows da injiniyoyi yanzu su bar komai don koyan Linux, docker, kubernetes, mai yiwuwa, python da shiga DevOps?

Wataƙila komai yana da kyau tare da Windows, kawai yanzu akwai ɗan gajeren lokaci na Linux + docker + kubernetes + hade + python, wanda ya mamaye Windows ƙaunataccenmu? Menene mai sarrafa tsarin Windows ya kamata yayi a cikin 2020 don kasancewa cikin buƙata a cikin kasuwar aiki?

Abin takaici, akwai ƙarin tambayoyi a nan fiye da amsoshi, don haka labarin na yanzu zai yi ƙoƙari ya taimake mu mu fahimci komai kadan. An sadaukar da labarin da farko ga masu gudanar da Windows da injiniyoyi, amma na tabbata kuma za ta yi sha'awar sauran ƙwararrun IT.

Microsoft ke zuwa gajimare?

Mai sarrafa Windows, da farko, mabiyi ne na Microsoft, don haka za mu yi magana game da shi da samfuransa masu ban mamaki.

Microsoft yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida na mafita na software, waɗanda yawancinsu shuwagabanni ne a cikin kayan aikinsu. Idan kuna aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa da injiniyan Windows, to wataƙila kun ci karo da su ta wata hanya ko wata. A ƙasa zan ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin kowane ɗayan samfuran kuma in bayyana yiwuwar ci gaban su a cikin shekaru 3-5 masu zuwa. Wannan ba wani sirri bane daga hedkwatar Redmond, amma ra'ayina na kaina, don haka ana ƙarfafa madaidaicin ra'ayi a cikin sharhin.

Kayan aiki na gida (a kan-gidaje)

Microsoft Exchange Server – uwar garken saƙo mai aiki da yawa wanda ya haɗa da ba kawai aiki tare da wasiku ba, har ma tare da lambobi, kalanda, ayyuka da ƙari mai yawa. Exchange Server yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran flagship na Microsoft, wanda ya zama ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni na kamfanoni a yawancin kamfanoni. Yana da kusanci ba kawai tare da samfuran Microsoft kanta ba, har ma tare da mafita daga masu siyarwa na ɓangare na uku. Musanya ya shahara a cikin matsakaicin matsakaici (daga mutane 100) da manyan kamfanoni.

A wannan lokaci a cikin lokaci, Exchange Server 2019 ana la'akari da sigar yanzu. A baya can, samfurin yana haɓaka sosai, amma farawa tare da sigar Exchange 2013, wannan ci gaban ya ragu sosai, don haka ana iya kiran musayar 2016 Service Pack 1 ( SP1) don musayar 2013, da musayar 2019 - don haka Sabis ɗin Sabis 2 (SP2) don musayar 2013. Har yanzu ana cikin tambaya game da makomar sigar gaba ta gaba (Exchange 2022).

Yanzu Microsoft yana haɓaka Musanya Kan layi a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabis na girgije na Office 365, don haka duk sabbin ayyuka suna bayyana a can. Musanya Kan layi ba shine farkon farkon samun sabbin fasaloli ba, har ma yana samun ƙarin ƙarfin aiki waɗanda ba za a canza su zuwa kayan aikin kan-gida ba nan gaba. Ana yin hakan ne domin a gaggauta sauye-sauyen wasu kamfanoni zuwa gajimare, saboda... Samfurin biyan kuɗi ya fi fa'idar kuɗi ga Microsoft fiye da siyarwar lokaci ɗaya.

Idan a halin yanzu kuna riƙe da shigarwa na gida na Exchange Server (2013 - 2019), za ku iya ci gaba da yin haka na shekaru 3-5 masu zuwa. Tare da hanyar, yana da daraja farawa don bincika damar da Exchange Online ke bayarwa; da kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin su ne lokacin da sigogin gida da na gajimare suka kasance a lokaci ɗaya. Ko da mun ɗauka cewa ba za a ƙara samun sigar musanyawa ta gaba ba, ilimin da aka samu a yanzu game da Exchange Server zai ci gaba da kasancewa da dacewa na ɗan lokaci mai zuwa don dalilai da yawa:

• Adadin shigarwar gida yana da girma a halin yanzu, don haka za a buƙaci ƙwararrun masu gudanarwa don tallafa musu. Ba duk ƙungiyoyi ba ne za su iya matsar da wasiƙunsu zuwa gajimare a nan gaba don wani dalili ko wani.
• Ayyukan ƙaura na girgije ba tukuna ba ne, don haka ana buƙatar sanin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan gida biyu da mafita na gajimare don guje wa yawancin ramuka da samun nasarar kammala ƙaura.
• Sanin smtpimapmapipop3, mail flow, dkim, dmark, spf, riga-kafi, ka'idojin antispam na duniya ne kuma za su yi aiki ga kowane tsarin saƙo.
• Kwarewar da aka samu daga aiki tare da uwar garken Exchange na kan-gida zai ba ku damar fahimtar Musanya Online kuma saita tsarin da ake so da sauri.
• Imel yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin sadarwa tare da duniyar waje, don haka buƙatarsa ​​zata kasance. Ba dole ba ne ku saurari masu bin "manzanni da bots za su maye gurbin imel", saboda ... Sun “binne” wasikun sau da yawa kuma ya zuwa yanzu ba tare da nasara ba.

Skype don Kasuwanci (SfB) (tsohon Lync) – kamfani manzon tare da ci-gaba damar. Yana da kusancin haɗin kai tare da uwar garken Exchange, amma yana da ƙasa da na ƙarshe a shahararsa. Skype don Kasuwanci yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin manyan kamfanoni kawai, saboda ... Kamfanoni kanana da matsakaita ba su da sha'awar sosai.

Sigar na yanzu shine Skype don Kasuwancin 2019, wanda ke da ƙarancin bambance-bambance idan aka kwatanta da sigar Skype don Kasuwancin 2016 na baya, don haka SfB 2019 ana iya ɗaukar Sabis ɗin Sabis 1 don SfB 2016, kuma ba sabon cikakken sigar ba.

A cikin gajimare na Office 365, sabis ɗin kan layi na Skype don Kasuwanci ya gabatar da wannan samfur, wanda bayan ɗan lokaci ya maye gurbinsa da Ƙungiyoyin Microsoft gaba ɗaya, watau. A halin yanzu, Skype don Kasuwanci ba ya samuwa a cikin gajimare na Office 365. Don wannan dalili, da wuya a yi tsammanin sigar gida ta Skype don Kasuwancin 2022 na gaba, tunda fifikon Microsoft shine haɓakawa da haɓaka manzo na Ƙungiyoyin, wanda ya zama martanin mai siyarwa ga fitowar manzo Slack mai nasara.

Idan a halin yanzu kuna gudanar da Skype don Kasuwanci na gida kuma kuna son ra'ayin manzo na kamfani, to ina ba ku shawara ku dubi Ƙungiyoyi a matsayin ɓangare na Office 365, in ba haka ba yana da kyau a zabi wani samfurin don haɓaka ilimin ku, saboda Skype don Kasuwanci na gida yana kan hanyar mantawa. Ba kamar Exchange ba, wanda ya zama ma'auni na gaskiya a cikin sabar sabar sabar wasiku, Skype don Kasuwanci a yau yana da madadin. Ƙungiya da Slack don manyan kamfanoni masu girma da matsakaici. Telegram, Viber, Whatsapp - don ƙananan kamfanoni.

SharePoint - tashar yanar gizo na cikin gida inda kamfanoni za su iya buga ayyukan gidan yanar gizon su masu amfani (jadawali na hutu, jerin ma'aikata masu hotuna da lambobin waya, tunatarwar ranar haihuwa, labaran kamfanoni, da dai sauransu). Masu amfani za su iya adanawa, gyara, da raba fayilolin da suka sanya a cikin ɗakunan karatu na SharePoint.

SharePoint yana kama da Bitrix24, kawai ya fi girma, ƙarin aiki, mafi tsada da wahala don daidaitawa da tallafi. Siffofin kisa shine ikon gyara takarda ɗaya lokaci guda ta babban adadin ma'aikata, wanda ya dace sosai lokacin da mutane 100 ke ƙoƙarin cika jadawalin hutu, da haɗin kai tare da Sabar Online na Office da Ofishin MS na gida.

Sharepoint babban samfuri ne mai rikitarwa kuma mai tsada, don haka galibi manyan kamfanoni ne kawai ke amfani da shi. Ƙananan kamfanoni suna amfani da Bitrix24 ko analogues ɗin sa, ko kuma kawai adana fayiloli akan sabar fayil, kuma suna rarraba ayyukan gidan yanar gizo masu amfani zuwa rukunan ciki daban-daban.

SharePoint gonakin (gungu) galibi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar masu haɓakawa tare da ayyukan gudanarwa, kuma ba ta masu gudanar da tsarin “tsattsattsake” ba, saboda Domin SharePoint ya tashi kuma ya zama mai amfani ga kamfani, ana buƙatar ƙara da yawa zuwa gare ta ta amfani da lambar.

Office 365 ya haɗa da SharePoint Online, wanda shine sauƙaƙan sigar SharePoint na gida, watau. Yana da ƙaramin adadin zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyare kuma an “daidaita shi don dacewa da ku,” amma yana sauƙaƙawa mai haɓakawa da mai gudanarwa na yawan ciwon kai game da aikin sa. Hukunci na shine wannan: rikitarwa da tsadar kuɗi na tallafawa sigar kan-gaba na SharePoint zai ɗauki nauyinsu kuma kamfanoni da farin ciki za su fara motsawa a hankali zuwa SharePoint Online, ko watsi da Sharepoint gaba ɗaya don neman mafita mafi sauƙi. Ni da kaina ba na ganin rosy da rayuwar rashin kulawa don SharePoint a cikin shigarwar gida.

Cibiyar Tsarin Iyalin samfuran duka ne don turawa, daidaitawa, sarrafawa da sa ido kan manyan abubuwan more rayuwa na Windows. Hukunci ya haɗa da: Manajan Kanfigareshan Cibiyar (SCCM), Manajan Injiniya Mai Kyau (SCVMM), Manajan Ayyuka na Cibiyar (SCOM), Manajan Kariyar Bayanai na Cibiyar (SCDPM), Manajan Sabis na Cibiyar (SCSM), Ma'aikacin Cibiyar Gudanarwa (SCORCH) ).

Cikakken kewayon samfuran Cibiyar Tsarin galibi ana buƙata ta manyan kamfanoni ne kawai, yayin da manyan kamfanoni ke yin amfani da samfur ɗaya ko biyu kawai.

Tunda samfuran Cibiyar Tsarin suna da wahalar koyo kuma galibi ana amfani da su kawai a cikin manyan abubuwan more rayuwa, al'ada ce a sanya mutane daban don yin aiki tare da su, misali, mai kula da tsarin kulawa (SCOM), mai kula da kula da wuraren aiki (SCCM), mai kula da tsarin nagartacce (Hyper -V + SCVMM), Manajan Kayan Aiki Automation (SCORCH + SCSM).

Microsoft yana haɓaka ayyukan gajimare cikin sauri, don haka aikin Cibiyar Tsarin yana motsawa a hankali zuwa gajimare. Duk wannan zai yi tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan Samfuran Cibiyar Tsaro a nan gaba.

Aiki Mawallafin Cibiyar Tsara (SCORCH) Za a maye gurbinsu a nan gaba ta hanyar sabis na Automation na Azure (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/automation/automation-intro).

Aiki Manajan Ayyuka na Cibiyar Tsarin (SCOM) zai maye gurbin sabis na Kula da Azure a nan gaba (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/overview).

Aiki Manajan Kariya na Cibiyar Bayanai (SCDPM) zai maye gurbin sabis na Ajiyayyen Azure a nan gaba (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-overview).

Aiki Manajan Sabis na Cibiyar Tsarin (SCSM) zai daina nema ko kuma a maye gurbinsa da kowane tsarin tikiti, misali, Jira.

Manajan Injin Kaya na Tsari (SCVMM) a yanzu zai kasance tare da kamfanonin da ke amfani da Hyper-V a cikin gida. Ƙananan shigarwa na Hyper-V (sabar 10-15) za a iya samun nasarar gudanarwa ba tare da SCVMM ba ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin kawai - Failover Cluster Manager, Hyper-V Manager, Windows Admin Center.

Manajan Kanfigareshan Cibiyar Tsari (SCCM) - ana amfani da shi don yawan tura tsarin aiki, shigar da aikace-aikacen kamfanoni daga kasidar guda ɗaya, shigar da sabuntawar Windows akan sabobin da wuraren aiki na ƙarshe, ƙididdigar aikace-aikace da lissafin lasisi. Da alama wannan shine kawai samfuri daga duk layin Cibiyar Tsarin da zai kasance tare da mu a cikin kayan aikin kan gaba, saboda ... A halin yanzu ba zai yiwu a maye gurbinsa da wani abu na tushen girgije ba.

Idan a halin yanzu kuna kula da shigarwa na kan-gidan Manajan Kanfigareshan Cibiyar (SCCM), zaku iya ci gaba da yin hakan saboda samfurin zai kasance tare da mu don akalla shekaru 3-5 masu zuwa. Bugu da ƙari, Ina ba da shawarar fara nazarin iyawar Office 365, saboda ... wannan zai haɗu da kyau tare da matsayin Mai Gudanar da Desktop na Kasuwanci.

Za a kawar da rawar mai gudanarwa na yawancin sauran samfuran Cibiyar Tsarin. Ayyukan Azure suna sauƙaƙa aikin su sosai, suna ɓoye duk rikitarwa daga idanu masu ɓoyewa. Bari mu ɗauki mai sarrafa atomatik (SCORCH + SCSM) a matsayin misali. Za a maye gurbin SCORCH da Azure Automation. Sanin tsarin sarrafa kansa, PowerShell, SQL zai kasance kuma yana da amfani ga Azure Automation, amma ilimin gina gungu na SCORCH, tabbatar da yawancin samuwarsu, girman albarkatun, sabuntawa, ƙaura zuwa sababbin sigogi, madadin da saka idanu za su rasa mahimmanci, saboda Duk wannan aikin girgijen Azure ne zai karbe shi. Mai sarrafa atomatik zai mayar da hankali kan tsarin sarrafa kansa kawai, saboda ... Duk aikin don kula da ayyukan kayan aikin atomatik za a ɗauke shi daga gare shi.

Windows uwar garken da matsayinsa

Littafin Adireshi (AD) – wurin da ake adana asusun mai amfani da kwamfuta. Idan kamfani yana da kwamfutoci sama da 20, to tabbas ya riga ya sami wani nau'in yanki na Active Directory. Sanin Darakta Active, ikon bambance yanki daga daji, da ikon aiki tare da manufofin rukuni sun zama tilas ga kowane mai gudanarwa na Windows. Wannan ilimin zai dace da wasu shekaru 20. Bugu da ƙari, zan ba da shawarar sanin kanku da Azure AD (AAD) da kuma kallon zaɓuɓɓuka don daidaitawa masu amfani tsakanin kan-gida da kayan aikin girgije.

DNS, DHCP - sabis na cibiyar sadarwa, fahimtar abin da ke da amfani a duk sassan IT, daga gudanarwa zuwa shirye-shirye, don haka dole ne ku san su. Fahimtar ayyukan cibiyoyin sadarwa, ka'idojin zirga-zirga, OSI da samfuran TCPIP zasu zama tabbataccen ƙari ga kowane ƙwararren IT.

Hyper V - sunan duk tarin fasahohin haɓakawa daga Microsoft da hypervisor musamman. Yana haɓaka cikin sauri, kodayake a ra'ayi na, yawancin sabbin fasalulluka (Garkuwa VM, Rukunin Rukunin Rubutun, Wuraren Wuta Direct) an yi niyya da farko ga masu ba da sabis na girgije na gida (Masu ba da Sabis na girgije) da na duniya (Azure) masu samar da girgije, kuma ba a cikin kamfani ba. kashi (Kasuwanci). Wannan abu ne da ake iya fahimta gabaɗaya, tunda Microsoft ya fara aiwatarwa da gwada sabbin ayyuka a cikin girgijen Azure, sannan kuma yana tura shi zuwa Windows Server da Hyper-V.

Hyper-V har yanzu yana fama da rashin na'urar wasan bidiyo guda ɗaya na kyauta wanda ke ba da duk abubuwan da suka dace. Yanzu muna da Failover Cluster Manager, Hyper-V Manager, Windows Admin Center. SCVMM yakamata ya zama irin na'urar wasan bidiyo, amma ana biya kuma yana da ɗan wahalar koyo.

Idan a halin yanzu kuna kula da shigarwa na gida na Hyper-V ba tare da SCVMM ba, zaku iya ci gaba da yin hakan. A cikin layi daya, zan ba da shawarar fara nazarin Azure IaaS da hanyoyin yin ƙaura na injina tsakanin gajimare da kayan aikin kan-gida.

Daga cikin mahalli na (bankuna, telecoms, kamfanonin inshora, manyan hannun jarin masana'antu), duk ingantaccen ingantaccen aiki, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar VMware vSphere, kuma ba Hyper-V tare da SCVMM ba, don haka zan iya ba da shawarar cewa mai kula da Hyper-V shima ya duba. zuwa VMware da samfuran sa.

Ayyukan girgije

Office 365 sabis ne na girgije wanda ke ba da fakitin biyan kuɗi na aikace-aikacen Microsoft Office (na gida da sigar yanar gizo), kuma ya haɗa da manyan samfuran uwar garken - Musanya, Ƙungiyoyi, OneDrive da Sharepoint.

A halin yanzu, Office 365 sabis ne mai dogaro da kai wanda kusan gaba ɗaya ya rufe buƙatun sadarwar ofis. Saboda sauƙin saitinsa, ya dace da ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaita da manyan kasuwanci.

Kasancewar an riga an tura Exchanges, Ƙungiyoyi, OneDrive da sabis na Sharepoint a cikin gajimare yana rage nauyi akan mai sarrafa tsarin, saboda duk hanyoyin shigarwa, girman albarkatu, sabuntawa da ƙaura zuwa sabbin nau'ikan yanzu suna kan Microsoft gaba ɗaya. Idan a baya 4-6 masu gudanar da keɓe daban-daban za a buƙaci su kula da Musanya, Ƙungiyoyi, OneDrive da Sharepoint a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na gida, yanzu a cikin Office 365 kawai matsakaicin mai gudanarwa 1 ya isa. Idan wani abu ba ya aiki ko bai yi aiki daidai ba, zaku iya ƙirƙirar tikitin zuwa tallafin fasaha na Microsoft kai tsaye daga ƙirar Office 365, wanda ya dace sosai.

Idan a halin yanzu ku ne mai sarrafa tsarin da ke kula da nau'ikan musanya, Skype don Kasuwanci ko samfuran Sharepoint, to zan ba da shawarar duba nau'ikan girgijen su azaman ɓangare na Office 365 don fahimtar yadda suka dace da ku da kuma irin aikin da suke bayarwa idan aka kwatanta da su. da kan-gidan versions.

Azure dandamali ne na girgije na duniya daga Microsoft wanda ya haɗa da saitin sabis na girgije mai haɓaka wanda ke taimakawa ƙungiyoyi su magance matsalolin kasuwancin su. A halin yanzu, Azure ya haɗa da ayyuka sama da 300, waɗanda aka haɗa su zuwa sassa daban-daban (kwamfuta, sadarwar yanar gizo, ajiya, bayanan bayanai, nazari, Intanet na abubuwa, tsaro, devOps, kwantena, da sauransu).

Da farko ya bayyana a cikin 2009, Microsoft Azure yanzu ya mamaye ɗayan manyan matsayi a cikin kasuwar sabis na girgije ta duniya, cikin nasarar yin fafatawa a can tare da Amazon AWS.

A cewar sabon rahoton kudi (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/earnings/FY-2019-Q4/press-release-webcastRibar Microsoft ta kwata-kwata (Q4 2019) ta karu da kashi 49% saboda nasarar Office 365 da kasuwancin girgije. Kudin shiga Azure ya karu da kashi 64%.

Azure, tare da Office 365, sune manyan wuraren da Microsoft ke jagorantar albarkatun kuɗi da ƙungiyoyi.

Yawan sabis akan dandamali na Azure na iya rikitar da har ma da ƙwararren ƙwararren IT, don haka a ƙasa akwai bayanin kwatancen kayan aikin uwar garken Windows na yau da kullun, inda a cikin baka zan nuna kusan kwatankwacinsu a cikin girgijen Azure. Ina fatan wannan zai zama mafari don koyan Azure, domin, kamar yadda kuka sani, kuna buƙatar fara ƙanƙanta, sannu a hankali zurfi.

Kayan aikin uwar garken Windows na yau da kullun yana kama da wani abu kamar haka:

• Active Directory (AD) tare da manufofin rukuni da DNS. (Azure Active Directory (AAD), Azure DNS).
• DHCP
• Musayar sabar saƙon. (Musanya kan layi azaman ɓangare na Office 365).
• gonakin RDS tare da sabar tasha da yawa. (Azure Virtual Machine + Azure Virtual Network + Azure Storage).
• Sabar fayil inda ma'aikata ke adana fayilolinsu. (Ajiye Fayil na Azure, Injin kama-da-wane na Azure + Cibiyar sadarwa ta Azure + Adana Azure)
• Sabar da aikace-aikace da bayanai (1C, na ciki portal, CRM, da dai sauransu). (Azure SQL Database, Azure Web Sites, Microsoft Dynamics 365, Azure Virtual Machine + Azure Virtual Network + Azure Storage)

Manyan ayyukan gudanarwa su ne:

• Ƙirƙirar madogara. (Ajiyayyen Azure).
• Tari da bincike na rajistan ayyukan. (Azure Log Analytics).
• Yin aiki da kai na ayyukan yau da kullun. (Azure Automation).
• Kula da matsayin ayyuka da karɓar sanarwa game da gazawar (Azure Monitor).

Ga masu gudanar da Windows da ke kula da abubuwan more rayuwa na gida, zan ba da shawara da farko su nemi analogs na ayyukan da suka fi so a cikin girgijen Azure don yin aiki tare da su kaɗan, ƙayyade fa'idodin su ga kamfani, kuma, wataƙila, tsara zaɓuɓɓukan matasan, zaɓi. mafi kyawun duka duniyoyin biyu.

Horon horo

Mahimmancin da Microsoft ke ba da haɓakar samfuransa yana canzawa sannu a hankali zuwa mafita ga girgije, don haka kuna buƙatar fara koyan su yanzu. A ina zan iya samun ƙarin sani game da Azure cikin Rashanci? Abin takaici, babu irin waɗannan albarkatu da yawa.

Microsoft yayi tayin amfani da tashar ta Microsoft Learn - https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/learn/browse/. An fassara kayan rubutu zuwa Rashanci, ana ba da bidiyon a cikin Turanci, kodayake tare da fassarar Rashanci.

A matsayin abu mai kyau da inganci don koyan Azure, zan ba da shawarar kwas ɗin Exam AZ-900 Azure Fundamentals, wanda Igor Shastitko ya karanta a tasharsa ta YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2-txkA3Daw&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-RinSNOOv2rqZ5FV_ihEd7). A halin yanzu akwai bidiyo 13, amma idan akwai isassun tallafi mai aiki daga al'umma (kamar, biyan kuɗi), kayan zasu bayyana da sauri kuma ci gaba ba zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba.

Bugu da ƙari, akan tashar iwalker2000, ina ba da shawarar kallon jerin waƙoƙin "Sana'ar IT: Yadda ake Zama ƙwararren IT," wanda zai taimaka wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrunnni, waɗanda za su iya tantance hanyar haɓaka ƙwararrun su da haɓaka aikin su daidai. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojyHLPZA6uU&list=PLB5YmwQw0Jl-Qzsq56k1M50cE6KqO11PB)

Abin takaici, babu abubuwa da yawa akan Azure a cikin Rashanci kamar yadda muke so, don haka idan kun san wasu albarkatu masu amfani akan wannan batu, da fatan za a raba su a cikin sharhi. Yawancin kwararrun IT za su gode muku don wannan.

binciken

Waɗanne shawarwari za a iya cimma daga duk abubuwan da ke sama?

1. Har yanzu akwai rayuwa a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na Microsoft, kuma ba ta tafiya. Microsoft yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida na mafita na software, yawancin su shuwagabanni ne a cikin abubuwan da suke so, don haka mai sarrafa tsarin koyaushe yana da abin da zai koya, aiwatarwa, aiki da haɓakawa.
2. Ayyukan kayan aikin Microsoft yanzu suna canzawa sosai, kuma wannan yana faruwa tare da mai da hankali kan haɓaka ayyukan girgije - Azure da Office 365. Sabbin samfuran Microsoft da aikace-aikacen za a fara ƙirƙira don yin aiki a cikin gajimare tare da la'akari da samfurin biyan kuɗi tare da biyan kuɗi kowane wata. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan samfuran ne kawai daga baya za a aiwatar da su a cikin mafita na kan gaba.
3. Wasu samfurori masu tsada da wahala don tallafawa za su bar mu nan da nan, suna motsawa gaba ɗaya ko a wani ɓangare zuwa ga girgije na Azure ko Office 365. Ma'aikata guda ɗaya waɗanda ke kula da samfurin guda ɗaya (misali, SCOM, SCSM, da dai sauransu) ba da daɗewa ba. soke.
4. Idan kun kasance gogaggen mai kula da tsarin aiki a cikin yanayin yanayin Microsoft, to ba lallai ne ku sauke komai ba kuma ku gudu zuwa DevOps, wanda yanzu ana magana akan kowane kusurwa. Kuna iya ci gaba da haɓakawa ta hanyar ku, ƙara ƙwarewa a cikin ayyukan girgije na Azure da Office 365.
5. Don ci gaba da zama ƙwararren ƙwararren da ake nema a cikin kasuwar aiki, dole ne ku sake yin karatu, karantawa da karatu. Manufar "ilimi na rayuwa" don IT ya fi dacewa fiye da kowane lokaci, musamman a yanzu a lokutan ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar girgije.
6. DevOps yanzu yana kan kololuwar shahararsa (hype). Gaskiya ne. Da farko, an ɗauki DevOps a matsayin wata hanya da ke ba da damar haɓaka software da aiki tare, tare da masu tsara shirye-shirye da injiniyoyi suna aiki tare zuwa manufa guda ɗaya - inganta software mafi kyau. Babban mahimmanci shine canza al'adun sadarwa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, haɓaka hanyoyin taimakon juna da alhakin gamayya don sakamakon ƙarshe. Duk da haka, a sakamakon haka, wannan ya haifar da bayyanar sabon matsayi - DevOps injiniya, wanda ayyukan injiniyan saki (CICD), mai gudanarwa na atomatik, mai kula da girgije da injiniyan ayyuka aka wakilta. Wannan ya rigaya ya zama babban laifi. Adadin guraben DevOps da buƙatun su kawai sun tabbatar da hakan.

   Ana iya ɗaukar DevOps yanzu azaman ƙarin hanya don haɓaka injiniyan gudanarwar tsarin. DevOps babbar hanya ce ga matsakaita mai gudanarwa don canza masana'antar sa ta yanzu zuwa masana'antar haɓaka software. Wadanda suke son aiki da kai da rubuta rubutun lambar za su zama masu haɓakawa, kuma waɗanda suka fi son abubuwan more rayuwa (cibiyoyin sadarwa, sabobin, OS, girgije, da sauransu) za su zama injiniyoyi na DevOps.

7. Idan kai ƙwararren mafari ne, ko kuma kawai shigar da IT, to DevOps yanzu babbar hanya ce don haɓakawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma samun aiki a cikin kamfani na yau da kullun, tare da albashi mai kyau da ofishi mai kyau, don haka koyi Linux, Mai yiwuwa, Docker, Kubernetes, Python da CICD.

Kwanan nan, buƙatun dandamali na Linux da mafita waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haɓaka software sun karu, amma wannan ba saboda yanayin yanayin Microsoft ba ne, amma kawai wani sabon alkuki ya bayyana inda ake amfani da Docker da Kubernetes sosai, ana yanke aikace-aikacen monolithic zuwa ƙananan ayyuka. , kuma kasuwanci yana buƙatar ƙarin saurin fitowar software don rage lokacin kasuwa don sabbin ayyuka.

source: www.habr.com