Ko ta yaya a wani lokaci na yanke shawarar rubuta wata kasida game da bayarwa a cikin nau'ikan kwantena Docker da fakitin bashi, amma lokacin da na fara, saboda wasu dalilai an mayar da ni zuwa nesa na kwamfutoci na farko na sirri har ma da masu ƙididdigewa. Gabaɗaya, maimakon busassun kwatancen docker da deb, mun sami waɗannan tunanin kan batun juyin halitta, wanda na gabatar don la'akari da ku.
Duk wani samfur, komai mene ne, dole ne ko ta yaya ya isa ga sabar samfurin, dole ne a daidaita shi kuma a ƙaddamar da shi. Abin da wannan labarin zai kasance game da shi ke nan.
Zan yi tunani a cikin mahallin tarihi, "abin da nake gani shine abin da nake waka game da shi," abin da na gani lokacin da na fara rubuta lambar da abin da na lura yanzu, abin da mu kanmu muke amfani da shi a yanzu da kuma dalilin da ya sa. Labarin ba ya zama kamar cikakken nazari ne, an rasa wasu abubuwan, wannan shine ra'ayi na kaina game da abin da yake da kuma abin da yake yanzu.
Don haka, a zamanin da… farkon hanyar isar da saƙon da na samo ita ce kaset ɗin kaset daga na'urar rikodin. Ina da kwamfuta BK-0010.01...
Zamanin masu lissafi
A'a, akwai wani lokacin ma da ya gabata, akwai kuma na'urar lissafi и .
Don haka lokacin da nake da , to, hanyar canja wurin shirin ita ce takarda ta yau da kullun a cikin akwati wanda aka rubuta shirin, wanda, idan ya cancanta, don gudanar da shi da hannu, an rubuta shi a cikin kalkuleta. Idan kuna son yin wasa (e, har ma wannan kalkuleta na antediluvian yana da wasanni) - kun zauna ku shigar da shirin a cikin kalkuleta. A zahiri, lokacin da aka kashe kalkuleta, shirin ya ɓace cikin mantuwa. Bugu da ƙari ga lambobin ƙididdiga da aka rubuta a kan takarda, an buga shirye-shiryen a cikin mujallun "Radio" da "Fasaha don Matasa", kuma an buga su a cikin littattafai na lokacin.
Gyara na gaba shine kalkuleta , ya riga yana da wasu kamanni na ajiyar bayanai mara-wuri. Yanzu wasan ko shirin ba sai an shigar da shi da hannu ba, amma bayan ya yi wasu sihirin sihiri da maɓallan, sai ya loda kansa.
Girman mafi girman shirin a cikin kalkuleta ya kasance matakai 105, kuma girman ƙwaƙwalwar dindindin a MK-52 ya kasance matakai 512.
Af, idan akwai magoya bayan wadannan kalkuleta da suke karanta wannan labarin, a kan aiwatar da rubuta labarin na sami duka biyu calculator emulator for Android da kuma shirye-shirye don shi. Gaba ga abin da ya gabata!
Takaitaccen bayani game da MK-52 (daga Wikipedia)
MK-52 ya tashi zuwa sararin samaniya akan kumbon Soyuz TM-7. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don ƙididdige yanayin saukowa idan kwamfutar da ke kan jirgin ta gaza.
Tun daga 52, an ba da MK-1988 tare da rukunin fadada ƙwaƙwalwar Elektronika-Astro ga jiragen ruwa na Navy a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan sarrafa kewayawa.
Kwamfutocin sirri na farko
Mu koma zamani . A bayyane yake cewa akwai ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a can, kuma buga lamba daga takarda ba wani zaɓi ba ne (ko da yake da farko na yi haka kawai, saboda kawai babu wani matsakaici). Kaset na sauti na masu rikodin kaset sun zama manyan hanyoyin adanawa da isar da software.
Adana akan kaset yawanci yana cikin nau'in fayil ɗin binary ɗaya ko biyu, komai yana ƙunshe a ciki. Amincewa ya yi ƙasa sosai, dole ne in adana kwafin 2-3 na shirin. Lokuttan lodawa kuma sun kasance abin takaici, kuma masu sha'awar sun yi gwaji da maɓalli daban-daban don shawo kan waɗannan gazawar. A wannan lokacin, ni kaina ban shiga cikin haɓaka software na ƙwararru ba (ba ƙidaya shirye-shirye masu sauƙi a cikin BASIC), don haka, da rashin alheri, ba zan gaya muku dalla-dalla yadda aka tsara komai a ciki ba. Gaskiyar cewa kwamfutar tana da RAM kawai a mafi yawan ɓangaren ya tabbatar da sauƙi na tsarin adana bayanai.
Bayyanar abin dogara da manyan kafofin watsa labarai na ajiya
Daga baya, faifan floppy sun bayyana, an sauƙaƙe aikin yin kwafin, kuma amincin ya ƙaru.
Amma yanayin yana canzawa sosai kawai lokacin da isassun manyan ma'ajiyar gida suka bayyana ta hanyar HDDs.
Nau'in isarwa yana canzawa sosai: shirye-shiryen sakawa sun bayyana waɗanda ke gudanar da tsarin daidaita tsarin, da kuma tsaftacewa bayan cirewa, tunda shirye-shiryen ba kawai karantawa cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba, amma an riga an kwafi su zuwa ajiyar gida, daga abin da kuke buƙatar yin. iya share abubuwan da ba dole ba idan ya cancanta.
A lokaci guda, rikitaccen software da aka kawo yana ƙaruwa.
Yawan fayiloli a cikin isarwa yana ƙaruwa daga kaɗan zuwa ɗaruruwa da dubbai, rikice-rikice tsakanin nau'ikan ɗakin karatu da sauran abubuwan farin ciki suna farawa lokacin da shirye-shirye daban-daban ke amfani da bayanai iri ɗaya.
A wannan lokacin, wanzuwar Linux bai buɗe mini ba tukuna; Na rayu a duniyar MS DOS kuma, daga baya, Windows, na rubuta a Borland Pascal da Delphi, wani lokaci ina kallon C++. Mutane da yawa sun yi amfani da InstallShield don isar da kayayyaki a lokacin. , wanda ya yi nasarar warware duk ayyukan da aka sanya na turawa da daidaita software.
Zamanin Intanet
Sannu a hankali, rikiɗar tsarin software yana ƙara rikitarwa; daga monolith da aikace-aikacen tebur ana samun canji zuwa tsarin rarrabawa, abokan ciniki na bakin ciki da ƙananan sabis. Yanzu kuna buƙatar saita ba kawai shirin ɗaya ba, amma saitin su, kuma don su yi aiki tare.
Manufar gaba ɗaya ta canza, Intanet ta zo, zamanin sabis na girgije ya isa. Ya zuwa yanzu, kawai a matakin farko, a cikin nau'in yanar gizo, babu wanda ya yi mafarkin sabis na musamman. amma ya kasance wani juyi a duka haɓakawa da kuma isar da aikace-aikace.
Don kaina, na lura cewa a wannan lokacin an sami canji a cikin tsararraki na masu haɓakawa (ko kuma a cikin mahalli na ne kawai), kuma akwai jin cewa an manta da duk kyawawan hanyoyin bayarwa na zamani a lokaci ɗaya kuma komai ya fara ne daga ainihin lokacin. farawa: duk isarwa ya fara yin rubutun gwiwa kuma ana alfahari da kiran shi "Ci gaba da bayarwa". A gaskiya ma, an fara hargitsi, lokacin da aka manta da tsohon kuma ba a yi amfani da shi ba, kuma sabon kawai ba ya wanzu.
Na tuna lokutan da a cikin kamfaninmu da na yi aiki a lokacin (ba zan ambaci shi ba), maimakon yin gini ta hanyar tururuwa (maven bai riga ya shahara ba ko kuma bai wanzu ba kwata-kwata), mutane kawai suna tattara tuluna a cikin IDE kuma cikin nutsuwa. a cikin SVN. Saboda haka, turawa ya ƙunshi maido da fayil ɗin daga SVN da kwafa shi ta hanyar SSH zuwa injin da ake so. Yana da sauƙi kuma m.
A lokaci guda, isar da shafuka masu sauƙi a cikin PHP an yi su ta hanya mai mahimmanci ta hanyar kwafin fayil ɗin da aka gyara kawai ta hanyar FTP zuwa injin da aka yi niyya. Wani lokaci wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba - an gyara lambar kai tsaye akan sabar samfurin, kuma yana da kyau musamman idan akwai madogara a wani wuri.
Fakitin RPM da DEB
A gefe guda kuma, tare da haɓaka Intanet, tsarin tsarin UNIX ya fara samun karuwa sosai, musamman, a lokacin ne na gano RedHat Linux 6, kimanin 2000. A zahiri, akwai kuma wasu hanyoyi don isar da software; bisa ga Wikipedia, RPM a matsayin babban manajan kunshin ya bayyana tuni a cikin 1995, a cikin sigar RedHat Linux 2.0. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin har zuwa yau, ana isar da tsarin a cikin nau'ikan fakitin RPM kuma an sami nasarar wanzuwa da haɓakawa sosai.
Rarraba dangin Debian sun bi irin wannan hanya kuma an aiwatar da bayarwa a cikin nau'ikan fakitin bashi, wanda ya kasance ba canzawa har yau.
Manajojin fakiti suna ba ku damar isar da samfuran software da kansu, saita su yayin aiwatar da shigarwa, sarrafa abubuwan dogaro tsakanin fakiti daban-daban, cire samfuran da tsaftace abubuwan da ba dole ba yayin aikin cirewa. Wadancan. ga mafi yawancin, wannan shine kawai abin da ake buƙata, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka dade shekaru da yawa ba su canza ba.
Ƙididdigar Cloud ta ƙara shigarwa zuwa masu sarrafa kunshin ba kawai daga kafofin watsa labaru na jiki ba, har ma daga wuraren ajiyar girgije, amma ainihin kadan ya canza.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa a halin yanzu akwai wasu yunƙuri zuwa ƙaura daga bashi da canzawa zuwa fakitin karye, amma ƙari akan hakan daga baya.
Don haka, wannan sabon ƙarni na masu haɓaka girgije, waɗanda ba su san DEB ko RPM ba, kuma sannu a hankali sun girma, sun sami gogewa, samfuran sun zama mafi rikitarwa, kuma ana buƙatar wasu hanyoyin isar da ma'ana fiye da FTP, rubutun bash da makamantan sana'o'in ɗalibai.
Kuma wannan shine inda Docker ya shigo cikin hoton, nau'in cakuda kayan aiki, iyakance albarkatun da hanyar isarwa. Yana da gaye da matashi a yanzu, amma ana buƙata don komai? Wannan panacea ne?
Daga abin lura na, sau da yawa ana ba Docker shawara ba a matsayin zaɓi mai ma'ana ba, amma don kawai, a gefe guda, ana magana ne a cikin al'umma, kuma waɗanda suka ba da shawara kawai sun sani. A gefe guda, galibi suna yin shuru game da kyawawan tsarin marufi - suna wanzu kuma suna yin aikinsu cikin nutsuwa kuma ba a lura da su ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, da gaske babu wani zaɓi - zaɓin a bayyane yake - Docker.
Zan yi ƙoƙarin raba gwaninta na yadda muka aiwatar da Docker da abin da ya faru a sakamakon haka.
Rubutun da aka rubuta da kansa
Da farko, akwai rubutun bash waɗanda ke tura rumbun adana kayan tarihi zuwa injinan da ake buƙata. Jenkins ne ya gudanar da wannan tsari. Wannan ya yi aiki cikin nasara, tunda rumbun adana kayan tarihin kanta ta riga ta zama taro mai ɗauke da azuzuwan, albarkatu har ma da daidaitawa. Idan kun sanya komai a cikinsa zuwa matsakaicin, to, faɗaɗa shi cikin rubutun ba shine abu mafi wahala da kuke buƙata ba
Amma rubutun suna da rashin amfani da yawa:
- Rubutun yawanci ana rubuta su cikin gaggawa don haka sun kasance na daɗaɗɗe har suna ƙunshe da mafi kyawun yanayi guda ɗaya kawai. Ana sauƙaƙe wannan ta gaskiyar cewa mai haɓakawa yana sha'awar isar da sauri, kuma rubutun al'ada yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na adadin albarkatu masu kyau.
- a sakamakon abin da ya gabata, rubutun ba su ƙunshi hanyoyin cirewa ba
- babu kafa tsarin haɓakawa
- Lokacin da sabon samfur ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar rubuta sabon rubutun
- babu tallafin dogaro
Tabbas, zaku iya rubuta rubutu mai mahimmanci, amma, kamar yadda na rubuta a sama, wannan shine lokacin ci gaba, kuma ba ƙaramin ba, kuma, kamar yadda muka sani, koyaushe babu isasshen lokaci.
Duk wannan a fili yana iyakance kewayon aikace-aikacen wannan hanyar turawa zuwa mafi sauƙi tsarin kawai. Lokaci ya yi da za a canza wannan.
Docker
A wani lokaci, sabbin ƴan tsaka-tsaki sun fara zuwa wurinmu, suna ta zage-zage da ra'ayi game da docker. To, tuta a hannu - bari mu yi! An yi ƙoƙari guda biyu. Dukansu ba su yi nasara ba - bari mu ce, saboda babban buri, amma rashin kwarewa na gaske. Shin ya zama dole a tilasta shi kuma a gama shi ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa? Yana da wuya - dole ne ƙungiyar ta haɓaka zuwa matakin da ake buƙata kafin ta iya amfani da kayan aikin da suka dace. Bugu da kari, lokacin amfani da hotunan Docker da aka shirya, sau da yawa muna fuskantar gaskiyar cewa hanyar sadarwa ba ta aiki daidai (wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda dampness na Docker kanta) ko yana da wahala a fadada kwantena na wasu.
Wadanne matsaloli muka fuskanta?
- Matsalolin hanyar sadarwa a yanayin gada
- Yana da wuya a duba rajistan ayyukan a cikin akwati (idan ba a adana su daban a cikin tsarin fayil na injin mai masauki ba)
- ElasticSearch lokaci-lokaci yana daskarewa a cikin akwati, ba a tantance dalilin ba, kwantena na hukuma ne.
- Wajibi ne a yi amfani da harsashi a cikin akwati - duk abin da aka cire sosai, babu kayan aikin da aka saba
- Babban girman kwantena da aka tattara - tsada don adanawa
- Saboda girman girman kwantena, yana da wahala a goyi bayan nau'ikan iri da yawa
- Tsawon lokacin gini, sabanin sauran hanyoyin (rubutun ko fakitin bashi)
A gefe guda, me ya sa ya fi muni yin amfani da sabis na bazara a cikin nau'in rumbun ajiya ta hanyar bashi ɗaya? Shin keɓanta kayan aiki da gaske ya zama dole? Shin yana da daraja a rasa kayan aikin tsarin aiki masu dacewa ta hanyar cusa sabis a cikin kwantena da aka rage sosai?
Kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, a gaskiya wannan ba lallai ba ne, kunshin bashi ya isa a cikin 90% na lokuta.
Yaushe kyakkyawan tsohon bashi ya gaza kuma yaushe muke buƙatar docker da gaske?
A gare mu, wannan yana tura sabis a Python. Yawancin ɗakunan karatu da ake buƙata don koyon na'ura kuma ba a haɗa su cikin daidaitattun rarraba tsarin aiki (da abin da ke akwai nau'ikan da ba daidai ba), hacks tare da saitunan, buƙatar nau'ikan nau'ikan sabis daban-daban waɗanda ke rayuwa akan tsarin runduna ɗaya ya haifar da wannan , cewa kawai hanyar da ta dace don isar da wannan cakuda makaman nukiliya ita ce docker. Ƙarfin aiki na haɗa kwandon docker ya zama ƙasa da ra'ayin tattara shi duka cikin fakitin bashi daban tare da abin dogaro, kuma a zahiri babu wanda ke cikin hayyacinsa da zai yi hakan.
Batu na biyu inda muke shirin amfani da Docker shine tura ayyuka ta amfani da tsarin tura shuɗi-kore. Amma a nan ina so in sami karuwa a hankali a cikin rikitarwa: na farko, ana gina fakitin bashi, sannan an gina akwati na docker daga gare su.
Fakitin karye
Mu koma kan fakitin karyewa. Sun fara bayyana a hukumance a cikin Ubuntu 16.04. Ba kamar fakitin bashi na yau da kullun da fakitin rpm ba, snap yana ɗaukar duk abin dogaro. A gefe guda, wannan yana ba ka damar kauce wa rikice-rikice na ɗakin karatu, a gefe guda, kunshin da aka samu ya fi girma a girman. Bugu da ƙari, wannan kuma zai iya rinjayar tsaro na tsarin: a cikin yanayin isar da hanzari, duk canje-canje ga ɗakunan karatu da aka haɗa dole ne a kula da mai haɓakawa wanda ya ƙirƙiri kunshin. Gabaɗaya, ba komai ba ne mai sauƙi kuma farin cikin duniya baya zuwa ta amfani da su. Amma, duk da haka, wannan madadin madaidaicin madaidaici ne idan ana amfani da Docker iri ɗaya azaman kayan aiki ne kawai ba don haɓakawa ba.
A sakamakon haka, yanzu muna amfani da duka fakitin bashi da kwantena docker a cikin haɗin kai mai ma'ana, wanda, watakila, a wasu lokuta za mu maye gurbinsu da fakitin karye.
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Me kuke amfani da shi don bayarwa?
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Rubutun da aka rubuta da kansa
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Kwafi da hannu zuwa FTP
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deb kunshin
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rpm kunshin
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fakitin karye
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Docker-hotuna
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Hotunan na'ura mai ban mamaki
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Kashe dukkan HDD
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yar tsana
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m
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Sauran
109 masu amfani sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 32 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com