A yau za mu yi magana game da fasaha mai ban sha'awa da aka aiwatar a cikin Unity / Unity XT ajiya tsarin - FAST VP. Idan kun ji game da Unity a karon farko, to, hanyar haɗi a ƙarshen labarin za a iya amfani da shi don sanin kanku da halayen tsarin. Na yi aiki akan FAST VP sama da shekara guda akan ƙungiyar ƙirar Dell EMC. A yau ina so in yi magana game da wannan fasaha dalla-dalla da kuma bayyana wasu cikakkun bayanai game da aiwatar da shi. Hakika, kawai waɗanda aka yarda a bayyana. Idan kuna sha'awar al'amurran da suka shafi ingantaccen ajiyar bayanai ko kuma kawai ba ku fahimci takardun ba, to lallai wannan labarin zai zama da amfani da ban sha'awa.
Zan gaya muku nan da nan abin da ba zai kasance a cikin kayan ba. Ba za a nemi masu fafatawa da kwatance tare da su ba. Har ila yau, ba na shirin yin magana game da irin wannan fasahar daga buɗaɗɗen tushe, saboda mai karatu mai ban sha'awa ya riga ya san game da su. Kuma, ba shakka, ba zan tallata komai ba.
matakin ajiya. Manufofin da manufofin FAST VP
FAST VP yana tsaye don Cikakkun Ma'ajiyar Adana Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kawa. Yana da wahala? Ba komai, za mu gane shi. Tiering wata hanya ce ta tsara ma'ajiyar bayanai, a cikinta akwai matakai da yawa (tiers) inda ake adana waɗannan bayanai. Kowannensu yana da halayensa. Mafi mahimmanci: aiki, girma da farashi na adana rukunin bayanai. Tabbas akwai alaka a tsakaninsu.
Wani muhimmin fasali na tiering shi ne cewa ana ba da damar samun bayanai daidai gwargwado ba tare da la'akari da matakin ajiyar da yake a yanzu ba, kuma girman tafkin yana daidai da jimlar girman albarkatun da aka haɗa a ciki. Anan akwai bambanci daga cache: girman cache ɗin ba a ƙara shi zuwa jimlar adadin albarkatu ba (Pool a cikin wannan yanayin), kuma bayanan cache sun kwafi wasu bayanan daga babban matsakaici (ko kuma za su kwafi idan Har yanzu ba a rubuta bayanai daga cache ba). Hakanan, rarraba bayanai ta matakan yana ɓoye daga mai amfani. Wato baya ganin ainihin bayanan da aka samo a kowane mataki, kodayake yana iya yin tasiri akan hakan a kaikaice, ta hanyar tsara manufofi (game da su daga baya).
Yanzu bari mu dubi fasalulluka na aiwatar da tiering ajiya a cikin Unity. A cikin Unity, akwai matakai 3, ko tiers:
- Babban aiki (SSDs)
- Aiki (SAS HDD 10k/15k RPM)
- Iya aiki (NL-SAS HDD 7200 RPM)
Ana gabatar da su a cikin tsarin saukowa na aiki da farashi. Babban aikin ya haɗa da Solid State Drives (SSDs) kawai. A cikin sauran matakan biyu akwai faifan maganadisu waɗanda suka bambanta cikin saurin juyawa kuma, a kan haka, aiki.
Ana haɗa kafofin watsa labaru na ajiya daga matakin guda da girman guda a cikin tsararrun RAID, suna kafa ƙungiyar RAID (ƙungiyar RAID, taƙaice a matsayin RG); za ku iya karanta game da samuwa da shawarar matakan RAID a cikin takaddun hukuma. Daga ƙungiyoyin RAID na matakan ɗaya ko fiye, an kafa wuraren ajiyar ajiya, daga inda aka rarraba sarari kyauta. Kuma an riga an ware sararin samaniya don tsarin fayil da LUNs.
Me yasa nake buƙatar Tiering?
A takaice kuma: don cimma ƙarin sakamako tare da ƙaramin adadin albarkatun. Musamman mahimmanci, yawanci ana fahimtar sakamakon azaman saiti na tsarin tsarin ajiya - saurin gudu da lokacin samun dama, farashin ajiya, da sauransu. Mafi ƙarancin albarkatun yana nufin mafi ƙarancin farashi: kuɗi, makamashi, da sauransu. FAST VP kawai yana aiwatar da hanyoyin sake rarraba bayanai a cikin matakai daban-daban a cikin tsarin ajiya na Unity / Unity XT. Idan kun yarda da ni, zaku iya tsallake sakin layi na gaba. Ga sauran, zan ba ku ɗan ƙarin bayani.
Ta hanyar daidaita bayanai da kyau, zaku iya ajiyewa akan ƙimar kuɗin ajiya gabaɗaya ta hanyar sadaukar da saurin samun dama ga wasu bayanan da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba, da haɓaka aiki ta hanyar matsar da bayanai akai-akai zuwa kafofin watsa labarai masu sauri. Anan wani yana iya yin adawa da cewa ko da ba tare da tiering ba, mai gudanarwa na yau da kullun ya san inda za a saka waɗanne bayanai, waɗanne halaye na tsarin ajiya ne ake so don aikinsa, da sauransu. Tabbas, wannan gaskiya ne, amma rarraba bayanai "da hannu" yana da lahani:
- yana buƙatar lokaci da kulawar mai gudanarwa;
- ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a “sake fasalin” albarkatun ajiya a ƙarƙashin yanayin canza yanayin ba;
- muhimmiyar fa'ida ta ɓace: haɗin kai zuwa albarkatun da ke cikin matakan ajiya daban-daban.
Don sanya admins ajiya su damu game da tsaro na aiki, zan ƙara cewa ingantaccen tsarin kayan aiki shima ya zama dole anan. Yanzu da aka fayyace ayyukan tiering a takaice, bari mu ga abin da zaku iya tsammani daga FAST VP. Wannan shine lokacin komawa ga ma'anar. Kalmomi biyu na farko - Cikakken Mai sarrafa kansa - a zahiri fassara azaman "cikakken sarrafa kansa" kuma yana nufin cewa rarraba matakan yana faruwa ta atomatik. To, Virtual Pool wani tafkin bayanai ne wanda ya haɗa da albarkatu daga matakan ajiya daban-daban. Ga yadda abin yake:
Duba gaba, zan ce FAST VP kawai yana motsa bayanai a cikin tafkin guda ɗaya, kuma ba tsakanin wuraren tafki da yawa ba.
Ayyukan da FAST VP ya warware
Bari mu fara magana a hankali. Muna da wurin tafki da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya sake rarraba bayanai a cikin wannan tafkin. Da yake la'akari da cewa aikinmu shine cimma iyakar yawan aiki, bari mu tambayi kanmu: ta wace hanya za a iya cimma? Wataƙila akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, kuma a nan FAST VP yana da wani abin da zai ba mai amfani, tunda fasaha wani abu ne da ya wuce matakin ajiya kawai. Anan akwai wasu hanyoyin FAST VP na iya haɓaka aikin tafkin:
- Rarraba bayanai a cikin nau'ikan faifai daban-daban, matakan
- Rarraba bayanai tsakanin faifai iri ɗaya
- Rarraba bayanai lokacin fadada tafkin
Kafin kallon yadda waɗannan ayyuka ke cika, muna buƙatar sanin wasu mahimman bayanai game da yadda FAST VP ke aiki. FAST VP yana aiki tare da tubalan takamaiman girman - 256 megabyte. Wannan shine mafi ƙanƙantar "gudu" na bayanan da za'a iya motsawa. A cikin takardun, ana kiransa haka: yanki. Daga ra'ayi na FAST VP, duk ƙungiyoyin RAID sun ƙunshi saitin irin wannan "gudu". Saboda haka, ana tattara duk kididdigar I/O don irin waɗannan tubalan bayanai. Me yasa aka zaɓi wannan girman toshe kuma za a rage shi? Toshe yana da girma sosai, amma wannan sulhu ne tsakanin girman bayanan (ƙaramin girman toshe - mafi daidaitaccen rarrabawa) da albarkatun ƙididdiga masu samuwa: tare da ƙuntatawa mai tsanani akan RAM da adadi mai yawa na tubalan, bayanan ƙididdiga na iya ɗaukar yawa, kuma adadin lissafin zai yi girma daidai gwargwado.
Yadda FAST VP ke sanya bayanai a cikin tafkin. Yan siyasa
Don sarrafa jeri na bayanai a cikin tafkin tare da kunna FAST VP, akwai manufofi masu zuwa:
- Mafi Girman Matsayi
- Matsayin atomatik
- Fara High sannan Auto-Tier (default)
- Mafi ƙasƙanci Samu Matsayi
Suna shafar duka farkon rabon toshe (an rubuta bayanan farko) da kuma wurin zama na gaba. Lokacin da aka riga aka sanya bayanan akan faifai, za a fara wurin zama bisa ga jadawalin ko da hannu.
Maɗaukakin Matsayi mafi Girma yana ƙoƙarin sanya sabon toshe a matakin mafi girman aiki. Idan babu isasshen sarari akansa, na gaba dangane da aiki, amma ana iya matsar da bayanan zuwa matakin mafi inganci (idan akwai sarari ko cunkoson wasu bayanai). Auto-Tier yana sanya sabbin bayanai a cikin matakai daban-daban dangane da adadin sarari da ake da su, kuma yana sake rarraba shi bisa buƙatu da sarari kyauta. Fara High sannan Auto-Tier shine tsarin tsoho kuma ana bada shawarar. Yana aiki azaman Matsayi Mafi Girman Rasuwa da farko, sannan yana motsa bayanai dangane da ƙididdigar amfani. Manufa mafi ƙanƙanta da ake samu na Tier yana neman sanya bayanai aƙalla matakin aiki.
Canja wurin bayanan yana tafiya tare da ƙananan fifiko don kada ya tsoma baki tare da aiki mai amfani na tsarin ajiya, duk da haka, akwai tsarin "Ƙimar komawar bayanai" wanda ke canza fifiko. Akwai musamman a nan: ba duk tubalan bayanai ba ne suke da odar sake rarrabawa iri ɗaya. Misali, tubalan da aka yiwa alama azaman metadata za'a fara tura su zuwa matakin mafi sauri. Metadata shine, don yin magana, "bayanai game da bayanai", wasu ƙarin bayanan da ba bayanan mai amfani ba, amma yana adana bayanin su. Misali, bayanai a cikin tsarin fayil game da wane toshe wani fayil ke ciki. Wannan yana nufin cewa saurin samun bayanai ya dogara ne da saurin samun bayanai. Ganin cewa metadata yawanci ya fi ƙanƙanta, ana tsammanin fa'idar motsa shi zuwa faifai masu sauri zai fi girma.
Sharuɗɗan da Fast VP ke amfani da shi a cikin aikinsa
Babban ma'auni na kowane toshe, idan da gaske, shine sifa ta "buƙatar" na bayanai, wanda ya dogara da adadin karantawa da rubuta ayyukan guntuwar bayanai. Wannan sifa ita ake kira "Zazzabi". Akwai zafafan bayanan da suka fi zafi fiye da bayanan da ba a da'awar ba. Ana ƙididdige shi lokaci-lokaci, ta tsohuwa tare da tazarar sa'a ɗaya.
Ayyukan lissafin zafin jiki yana da kaddarorin masu zuwa:
- Idan babu I / O, bayanai suna "sanyi" akan lokaci.
- Tare da ƙari ko žasa da nauyin guda ɗaya a cikin lokaci, zafin jiki na farko yana ƙaruwa sannan ya daidaita a wani kewayon.
Ƙari ga haka, ana la'akari da manufofin da aka bayyana a sama da sarari kyauta akan kowane matakin. Don tsabta, zan ba da hoto daga takardun. Anan, launin ja, rawaya da shuɗi suna nuna tubalan tare da babban, matsakaici da ƙananan yanayin zafi, bi da bi.
Amma koma ga ayyuka. Don haka, za mu iya fara nazarin abin da ake yi don magance matsalolin FAST VP.
A. Rarraba bayanai a cikin nau'ikan diski daban-daban, matakan
A zahiri, wannan shine babban aikin FAST VP. Sauran, a wata ma'ana, asalinsa ne. Dangane da manufofin da aka zaɓa, za a rarraba bayanai a cikin matakan ajiya daban-daban. Da farko, ana la'akari da manufar sanyawa, sannan yanayin zafi na tubalan da girman / gudun kungiyoyin RAID.
Don Manufofin Tier Mafi Girma/Mafi ƙasƙanci, komai mai sauƙi ne. Ga sauran biyun, haka lamarin yake. Ana rarraba bayanai akan matakai daban-daban, la'akari da girman da aikin ƙungiyoyin RAID: don haka rabon jimlar "zazzabi" na tubalan zuwa "matsakaicin yanayin aiki" na kowane rukunin RAID kusan iri ɗaya ne. Don haka, ana rarraba kaya fiye ko žasa daidai. Ana matsar da bayanan da ya fi buƙata zuwa kafofin watsa labarai masu sauri, da wuya a yi amfani da bayanan da aka yi amfani da su zuwa kafofin watsa labarai masu hankali. Da kyau, rarraba ya kamata ya kasance kamar haka:
B. Rarraba bayanai tsakanin faifai iri ɗaya
Ka tuna, a farkon na rubuta cewa masu ɗaukar bayanai daga daya ko fiye an haɗa matakan zuwa tafkin guda ɗaya? A yanayin matakin guda ɗaya, FAST VP shima yana da aikin da zai yi. Don haɓaka aiki a kowane mataki, yana da kyawawa a rarraba bayanai daidai gwargwado a cikin faifai. Wannan zai ba da damar (a ka'idar) don samun matsakaicin adadin IOPS. Bayanan da ke cikin ƙungiyar RAID za a iya la'akari da rarraba su a ko'ina cikin faifai, amma wannan ba koyaushe bane tsakanin ƙungiyoyin RAID. A cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa, FAST VP zai motsa bayanai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin RAID daidai da girman su da "aiki na sharadi" (a cikin sharuddan lambobi). Don bayyanawa, zan nuna tsarin daidaitawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin RAID guda uku:
C. Rarraba bayanai lokacin fadada tafkin
Wannan aikin wani lamari ne na musamman na baya kuma ana yin shi lokacin da aka ƙara ƙungiyar RAID zuwa tafkin. Don hana sabuwar ƙungiyar RAID da aka ƙara zama mara amfani, za a tura wasu bayanan zuwa gare ta, wanda ke nufin cewa za a sake rarraba nauyin da ke kan duk ƙungiyoyin RAID.
SSD Wear Leveling
Ta hanyar sawa matakin, FAST VP na iya tsawaita rayuwar SSD, kodayake wannan fasalin ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da Tiering Storage. Tun da an riga an sami bayanan zafin jiki, ana kuma la'akari da adadin ayyukan rubutawa, mun san yadda ake motsa tubalan bayanai, zai zama ma'ana ga FAST VP don magance wannan matsalar kuma.
Idan adadin rubutawa zuwa ƙungiyar RAID ɗaya ya zarce adadin rubutawa zuwa wani, FAST VP zai sake rarraba bayanan bisa ga adadin rubuce-rubuce. A gefe guda, wannan yana cire kaya kuma yana adana albarkatun wasu faifai, a gefe guda, yana ƙara "aiki" don ƙananan ɗorawa, yana ƙara yawan aiki.
Don haka, FAST VP yana ɗaukar ayyuka na gargajiya na Adana Tiering kuma yana yin ɗan fiye da haka. Duk wannan yana ba ku damar adana bayanai da kyau a cikin tsarin ajiyar Unity.
Wasu matakai
- Kar a yi sakaci karanta takardun. Akwai mafi kyawun ayyuka, kuma suna aiki da kyau. Idan kun bi su, to, matsaloli masu tsanani, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su tashi ba. Sauran shawarwarin a zahiri maimaita ko ƙara su.
- Idan kun saita kuma kun kunna FAST VP, sannan ku bar shi kunna. Bari ya keɓe bayanai a cikin lokacin da aka keɓe da kaɗan da kaɗan fiye da sau ɗaya a shekara kuma yana da tasiri mai tsanani akan aiwatar da wasu ayyuka. A irin waɗannan lokuta, sake rarraba bayanai na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.
- Yi hankali lokacin zabar tagar ƙaura. Ko da yake wannan a bayyane yake, gwada zaɓin lokaci tare da ƙaramin nauyi akan Unity kuma ware isasshen lokaci.
- Shirya fadada ajiyar ku, yi akan lokaci. Wannan babbar shawara ce mai mahimmanci ga FAST VP shima. Idan adadin sararin samaniya yana da ƙananan ƙananan, to motsi na bayanai zai ragu ko ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Musamman idan kun yi watsi da batu 2.
- Lokacin fadada tafki tare da kunna FAST VP, kar a fara da mafi saurin tafiyarwa. Wato, ko dai mu ƙara duk ƙungiyoyin RAID ɗin da aka tsara a lokaci ɗaya, ko kuma mu fara ƙara faifai mafi sauri. A wannan yanayin, sake rarraba bayanai zuwa sababbin faifai "sauri" zai ƙara yawan saurin tafkin. In ba haka ba, farawa tare da faifai "jinkirin", zaku iya samun yanayi mara kyau. Da farko, za a canja wurin bayanai zuwa sababbi, ingantattun faifan diski, sannan, lokacin ƙara masu sauri, a cikin kishiyar. Akwai nuances masu alaƙa da manufofin FAST VP daban-daban, amma a cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa.
Idan kuna kallon wannan samfurin, to zaku iya gwada Unity a aikace kyauta ta hanyar zazzage na'urar kama-da-wane ta Unity VSA.
A ƙarshen labarin, na raba ƴan hanyoyin haɗi masu amfani:
- BAYANAN
- - taƙaitaccen bayanin aikin
- , tsarin pdf
ƙarshe
Ina so in rubuta game da yawa, amma na fahimci cewa ba duk cikakkun bayanai ba ne za su yi sha'awar mai karatu. Misali, zaku iya magana daki-daki game da ka'idojin da FAST VP ke yanke shawarar canja wurin bayanai, game da hanyoyin nazarin kididdigar I / O. Har ila yau, batun hulɗa da , kuma wannan yana jan wani labarin dabam. Kuna iya har ma da tunanin ci gaban wannan fasaha. Ina fatan abin bai ban sha'awa ba kuma ban gundure ku ba. Sai mun sake haduwa!
source: www.habr.com