An shirya fassarar labarin musamman ga ɗaliban kwas ɗin .
Shin kuna sha'awar haɓaka ta wannan hanyar? Kalli rikodin ƙwararrun ajin ƙwararru , wanda Egor Zuev - TeamLead ya gudanar a InBit da marubucin shirin ilimi a OTUS.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) yana ba da ayyuka da yawa, musamman ma tarin lissafin da ke ɗauke da Google Compute Engine (GCE), Google Kubernetes Engine (wanda ya kasance Injin Kwantena) (GKE), Google App Engine (GAE), da Google Cloud Functions. (GCF). Duk waɗannan sabis ɗin suna da sunaye masu kyau, amma ƙila ba za su bayyana gaba ɗaya ba game da fasalulluka da abin da ke sa su keɓanta da juna. An yi nufin wannan labarin ne don waɗanda suke sababbi ga ra'ayoyin girgije, musamman sabis na girgije da GCP.
1. Tarin kwamfuta
Ana iya la'akari da tarin lissafta azaman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abin da tsarin kwamfuta zai iya samarwa. Wannan tari yana hawa (motsa sama) daga "bare iron" (baƙin ƙarfe) yana nufin ainihin kayan aikin kwamfuta, har zuwa ayyukan (ayyuka), wanda shine mafi ƙanƙanta naúrar lissafi. Abin da ke da mahimmanci a lura game da tarin shi ne cewa ana tara ayyuka yayin da suke haɓaka tari, kamar sashin "apps" (apps) wanda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 1 da ke ƙasa ya kamata ya ƙunshi duk ainihin abubuwan da aka haɗa (ganga), inji mai kama (virtual machines)na'urorin inji) da baƙin ƙarfe. Hakazalika, dole ne bangaren injin kama-da-wane ya ƙunshi kayan aikin da ke ciki don yin aiki.
Hoto 1: Tarin kwamfuta | Hoton ya samo asali daga
Wannan samfurin, wanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1, shine tushen don kwatanta kyautai daga masu samar da girgije. Don haka, wasu masu samar da kayayyaki za su iya ba da, misali, kwantena da sabis ƙasa da ingancin tari, yayin da wasu za su iya ba da duk abin da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1.
- Idan kun saba da ayyukan girgije, je zuwa Sashi na 3don duba daidai GCP
- Idan kawai kuna son taƙaita ayyukan girgije, je zuwa Sashi na 2.4
2. Ayyukan girgije
Duniyar gizagizai ta bambanta sosai. Masu samar da gajimare suna ba da sabis da yawa waɗanda aka keɓance da buƙatun abokin ciniki daban-daban. Wataƙila kun ji sharuɗɗan kamar IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS, KaaS, da sauransu. tare da dukkan haruffan haruffan da "aaS". Duk da bakon suna, suna samar da saitin sabis na samar da girgije. Na bayyana cewa akwai manyan 3 "a matsayin sabis" (a matsayin Sabis) sadaukarwa waɗanda masu samar da girgije kusan koyaushe suke bayarwa.
Waɗannan su ne IaaS, PaaS, da SaaS, waɗanda ke tsaye ga Kayan Aiki azaman Sabis, Platform azaman Sabis, da Software azaman Sabis, bi da bi. Yana da mahimmanci don ganin ayyukan girgije azaman matakan sabis. Wannan yana nufin cewa yayin da kuke motsawa sama ko ƙasa daga matakin zuwa matakin, ku, a matsayin abokin ciniki, kuna ƙetare zaɓuɓɓukan sabis daban-daban waɗanda ko dai an ƙara su ko cire su daga babban hadaya. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki wannan a matsayin dala, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 2.
Hoto 2: AaS Pyramid | Hoton ya samo asali daga
2.1 Kayan Aiki azaman Sabis (IaaS)
Wannan shine matakin mafi ƙanƙanci mai ba da sabis na girgije zai iya bayarwa kuma ya haɗa da mai ba da sabis na girgije yana samar da kayan aikin da ba su da tushe, gami da tsaka-tsaki, igiyoyin sadarwa, masu sarrafawa, GPUs, RAM, ma'ajiyar waje, sabobin, da hotunan tsarin aiki na tushe. misali Debian Linux, CentOS, Windows, da sauransu.
Idan kun yi odar tayin daga mai bada sabis na girgije na IaaS, to wannan shine abin da yakamata ku yi tsammanin samu. Ya rage naku, a matsayin abokin ciniki, don haɗa waɗannan sassa don gudanar da kasuwancin ku. Iyakar abin da za ku yi aiki da su na iya bambanta daga mai siyarwa zuwa mai siyarwa, amma gabaɗaya kawai kuna samun kayan aikin da OS kuma sauran ya rage naku. Misalan IaaS sune AWS Elastic Compute, Microsoft Azure, da GCE.
Wasu mutane ƙila ba sa son gaskiyar cewa dole ne su shigar da hotunan OS kuma suna hulɗa da hanyar sadarwa, daidaita nauyi, ko kula da irin nau'in na'ura mai mahimmanci don aikin su. Wannan shine inda muke matsar da dala zuwa PaaS.
2.2 Platform a matsayin Sabis (PaaS)
PaaS kawai ya haɗa da mai ba da sabis na girgije yana ba da takamaiman dandamali wanda masu amfani zasu iya gina aikace-aikace akansa. Yana da abstraction akan IaaS, ma'ana cewa mai samar da girgije yana kula da duk cikakkun bayanai na nau'ikan CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, RAM, ajiya, sadarwar yanar gizo, da dai sauransu. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2, ku a matsayin abokin ciniki ba ku da iko akan ainihin ainihin. dandamali saboda mai samarwa yana ɗaukar duk cikakkun bayanai na abubuwan more rayuwa a gare ku. Kuna buƙatar dandali da aka zaɓa kuma ku gina aikin akan shi. Misali na PaaS shine Heroku.
Ga wasu, wannan yana iya zama babban matakin, tunda ba lallai ba ne ya so ya gina aikin akan ƙayyadadden dandamali, amma yana buƙatar saitin sabis kai tsaye daga mai ba da sabis na girgije. Wannan shine inda SaaS ya shigo cikin wasa.
2.3 Software azaman Sabis (SaaS)
SaaS shine sabis na gama gari wanda masu samar da sabis na girgije ke bayarwa. An yi su ne don masu amfani da ƙarshen kuma ana samun su ta hanyar yanar gizo kamar Gmel, Google Docs, Dropbox, da dai sauransu. Amma ga Google Cloud, akwai kyauta da yawa a waje da tarin lissafin su wanda shine SaaS. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Studio Studio, Big Query, da sauransu.
2.4 Takaitaccen sabis na girgije
Abubuwa
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Me kuke samu
Kuna samun kayan aikin kuma ku biya daidai. 'Yancin yin amfani da ko shigar da kowace software, tsarin aiki ko haɗin kai.
Anan kun sami abin da kuke nema. Software, hardware, OS, yanayin yanar gizo. Kuna samun dandamali mai shirye don amfani kuma ku biya daidai.
Anan ba lallai ne ku damu da komai ba. An samar maka da kunshin da aka riga aka shigar wanda aka keɓance ga buƙatunka, kuma dole ne ka biya daidai.
Ma'ana
Asalin matakin kwamfuta
Mafi kyawun IaaS
Da gaske cikakken kunshin ayyuka ne.
Matsalolin fasaha
Ana buƙatar ilimin fasaha
Ana ba ku tsari na asali, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar ilimin yanki.
Babu buƙatar damuwa da bayanan fasaha. Mai bada SaaS yana ba da komai.
Me yake aiki dashi
Injin gani da ido, ajiya, sabar, cibiyar sadarwa, ma'aunin nauyi, da sauransu.
Runtimes (kamar lokacin gudu na java), bayanan bayanai (kamar mySQL, Oracle), sabar yanar gizo (kamar tomcat, da sauransu)
Aikace-aikace kamar sabis na imel (Gmail, Yahoo mail, da sauransu), shafukan hulɗar zamantakewa (Facebook, da sauransu)
Shahararriyar Graph
Mashahuri tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa, masu bincike waɗanda ke buƙatar keɓancewa don dacewa da buƙatun su ko yanki na bincike
Mafi shahara tare da masu haɓakawa saboda suna iya mai da hankali kan haɓaka aikace-aikacen su ko rubutun su. Ba dole ba ne su damu game da loda zirga-zirga ko sarrafa sabar, da sauransu.
Mafi shahara tsakanin manyan masu amfani ko kamfanoni masu amfani da software kamar imel, raba fayil, cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a, saboda basu da damuwa game da cikakkun bayanai na fasaha.
Hoto 3: Takaitacciyar babbar hadayun girgije | Hoton ladabi
3. Kunshin kwamfuta Google Cloud Platform
Bayan mun kalli abubuwan ba da sabis na girgije na yau da kullun a cikin Sashe na 2, zamu iya kwatanta su da hadayun Google Cloud.
3.1 Injin Lissafi na Google (GCE) - IaaS
Hoto 4: Gumakan Injin Lissafi na Google (GCE).
GCE kyauta ce ta IaaS daga Google. Tare da GCE, zaku iya ƙirƙirar injunan kama-da-wane cikin yardar kaina, ware CPU da albarkatun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, zaɓi nau'in ajiya kamar SSD ko HDD, da adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Yana da kusan kamar ka gina naka kwamfuta / wurin aiki da kuma kula da duk cikakkun bayanai na yadda take aiki.
A cikin GCE, zaku iya zaɓar daga ƙananan misalai tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa 0,3-core da 1 GB na RAM zuwa dodanni 96-core tare da sama da 300 GB na RAM. Hakanan zaka iya ƙirƙirar injunan kama-da-wane na al'ada don abubuwan aikinku. Ga masu sha'awar, waɗannan injunan kama-da-wane ne waɗanda zaku iya ginawa.
3.2. Injin Kubernetes Google (GKE) - (Caas / Kaas)
Hoto 5: Gumakan Injin Kubernetes na Google (GKE).
GKE kyauta ce ta kwamfuta ta musamman daga GCP wanda ke zama abin ƙyama akan Injin Kwamfuta. Gabaɗaya, ana iya rarraba GKE azaman Kwantena azaman Sabis (CaaS), wani lokacin ana kiranta Kubernetes azaman Sabis (KaaS), wanda ke ba abokan ciniki damar sauƙin sarrafa kwantena Docker a cikin yanayin Kubernetes mai cikakken sarrafawa. Ga waɗanda ba su da masaniya da kwantena, kwantena suna taimakawa daidaita ayyuka/ aikace-aikace, don haka kwantena daban-daban na iya ƙunsar ayyuka daban-daban, alal misali, kwantena ɗaya na iya ɗaukar bayanan aikace-aikacen yanar gizon ku kuma wani yana iya ƙunsar ƙarshen ƙarshensa. Kubernetes yana sarrafa, daidaitawa, sarrafawa, da tura kwantenan ku. Karin bayani anan.
3.3 Injin Google App (GAE) - (PaaS)
Hoto 6: Alamar Google App (GAE).
Kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin sashe na 2.2, PaaS yana zaune sama da IaaS, kuma a cikin yanayin GCP, ana iya ganin shi azaman shawara sama da GKE. GAE ƙwararren Google PaaS ne, kuma kamar yadda suka fi bayyana kansu, "kawo lambar ku, za mu kula da sauran."
Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa abokan ciniki masu amfani da GAE ba dole ba ne su yi hulɗa da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci / tsakiya, kuma suna iya riga sun riga sun riga sun riga sun riga sun shirya don tafiya; abin da kawai za su yi shi ne samar da lambar da ake buƙata don gudanar da shi.
GAE ta atomatik tana sarrafa sikeli don saduwa da nauyin mai amfani da buƙatun, wanda ke nufin idan shafin yanar gizon ku na fure ba zato ba tsammani saboda ranar soyayya ta zo, GAE za ta kula da daidaita abubuwan more rayuwa don saduwa da buƙatu kuma tabbatar da cewa rukunin yanar gizon ku ba zai ragu ba saboda karuwar buƙata. . Wannan yana nufin cewa kun biya daidai albarkatun da aikace-aikacenku ke buƙata a yanzu.
GAE yana amfani da Kubernetes ko sigar da aka gina ta don sarrafa duk waɗannan don kada ku damu da shi. GAE ya fi dacewa ga kamfanonin da ba su da sha'awar abubuwan da ke ciki kuma kawai suna kula da yin amfani da aikace-aikacen su a hanya mafi kyau.
A ganina, GAE shine wuri mafi kyau don farawa idan kun kasance mai haɓakawa tare da kyakkyawan ra'ayi amma ba sa so ku magance aikin kafa sabobin, daidaita nauyin kaya, da duk sauran ayyukan devops / SRE masu cin lokaci. Bayan lokaci, kuna iya gwada GKE da GCE, amma ra'ayina ke nan.
Disclaimer: Ana amfani da AppEngine don aikace-aikacen yanar gizo, ba aikace-aikacen hannu ba.
Domin bayani:
3.4 Ayyukan Google Cloud - (FaaS)
Hoto 7: Gumaka Ayyukan Cloud (GCF).
Ina fatan kun lura da wani yanayi ta hanyar nazarin shawarwarin da suka gabata. Yayin da kuke hawan GCP Computing tsani, ƙarancin buƙatar ku damu game da fasahar da ke ƙasa. Wannan dala ya ƙare a cikin mafi ƙarancin yuwuwar rukunin ƙididdiga, aikin, kamar yadda aka nuna a sashe na 1.
GCF sabon kyauta ne na GCP wanda har yanzu yana cikin beta (a lokacin rubuta wannan). Ayyukan gajimare suna ba da damar wasu ayyuka da mai haɓakawa ya rubuta su haifar da wani abu.
Abubuwan da suka faru ne ke tafiyar da su kuma suna cikin tsakiyar kalmar "marasa sabar" ma'ana ba su san sabobin ba. Ayyukan gajimare suna da sauƙaƙa sosai kuma suna da amfani daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar tunani mai gudana. Misali, duk lokacin da sabon mai amfani ya yi rajista, ana iya kunna aikin girgije don faɗakar da masu haɓakawa.
A cikin masana'anta, lokacin da wani na'urar firikwensin ya kai wani ƙima, zai iya haifar da aikin gajimare wanda ke yin wasu sarrafa bayanai, ko sanar da wasu ma'aikatan kulawa, da sauransu.
ƙarshe
A cikin wannan labarin, mun yi magana game da hadayun girgije daban-daban kamar IaaS, PaaS, da dai sauransu da kuma yadda Google Compute stack ke aiwatar da waɗannan yadudduka daban-daban. Mun ga cewa yadudduka na abstraction lokacin ƙaura daga sashin sabis zuwa wani, kamar IaaS zuwa Paas, suna buƙatar ƙarancin sanin abin da ke ciki.
Don kasuwancin, wannan yana ba da sassauci mai mahimmanci wanda ba wai kawai ya dace da manufofin aikinsa ba, amma har ma yana gamsar da wasu mahimman wurare kamar tsaro da farashi. Taƙaice:
Injin Lissafi - yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar injin kama-da-wane na ku ta hanyar rarraba wasu albarkatun kayan masarufi, kamar RAM, processor, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Hakanan yana da amfani sosai kuma ƙarancin matakin.
Injin Kubernetes wani mataki ne daga Injin Kwamfuta, wanda ke ba ku damar amfani da Kubernetes da kwantena don sarrafa aikace-aikacen ku, yana ba ku damar haɓaka shi kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Injin App wani mataki ne daga Injin Kubernetes, yana ba ku damar mayar da hankali kan lambar ku kawai, yayin da Google ke ba da duk buƙatun tushen dandamali.
Ayyukan Cloud shi ne kololuwar dala na lissafi, yana ba ka damar rubuta aiki mai sauƙi wanda, lokacin da ake gudu, yana amfani da duk abubuwan da ke ƙasa don ƙididdigewa da dawo da sakamako.
Na gode da hankali!
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source: www.habr.com