Sannu! Ma'ajiyar bayanai ta atomatik ta farko a duniya a cikin kwayoyin DNA

Masu bincike daga Microsoft da Jami'ar Washington sun nuna na farko cikakken tsarin adana bayanai mai sarrafa kansa, wanda za'a iya karantawa don halittar DNA ta wucin gadi. Wannan babban mataki ne na matsar da sabbin fasaha daga dakunan bincike zuwa cibiyoyin bayanan kasuwanci.

Masu haɓakawa sun tabbatar da manufar tare da gwaji mai sauƙi: sun sami nasarar sanya kalmar "hello" cikin gutsuttsura na kwayoyin halittar DNA na roba kuma sun mayar da shi zuwa bayanan dijital ta amfani da cikakken tsarin aiki na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshensa, wanda aka kwatanta a ciki. labarin, wanda aka buga Maris 21 a cikin Rahoton Kimiyyar Halitta.

Wannan labarin yana kan gidan yanar gizon mu.

Kwayoyin halittar DNA na iya adana bayanan dijital a cikin maɗaukaki masu yawa, wato, a sararin samaniya wanda ya fi yawan oda mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da na cibiyoyin bayanai na zamani. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafita mai ban sha'awa don adana ɗimbin bayanan da duniya ke samarwa kowace rana, daga bayanan kasuwanci da bidiyo na kyawawan dabbobi zuwa hotuna na likita da hotuna daga sararin samaniya.

Microsoft yana binciken hanyoyin da za a cike yuwuwar tazarar dake tsakanin adadin bayanan da muke samarwa kuma muna son adanawa, da ikonmu na kiyaye su. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da haɓaka algorithms da fasahar sarrafa kwayoyin halitta don shigar da bayanai a cikin DNA na wucin gadi. Wannan zai ba da damar duk bayanan da aka adana a cikin babban cibiyar bayanai na zamani su dace cikin sarari da ya kai girman dice da yawa.

"Babban burinmu shi ne mu sanya tsarin da, ga mai amfani da ƙarshensa, ya yi kama da kowane tsarin ajiya na girgije: ana aika bayanai zuwa cibiyar bayanai kuma a adana a can, sannan kawai yana bayyana lokacin da abokin ciniki ya buƙaci shi. ,” in ji Sr. Microsoft mai bincike Karin Strauss. "Don yin wannan, muna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana da ma'ana mai amfani daga hangen nesa ta atomatik."

Ana adana bayanan a cikin kwayoyin halittar DNA na roba da aka samar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, maimakon a cikin DNA na mutane ko wasu abubuwa masu rai, kuma ana iya ɓoye su kafin a aika zuwa tsarin. Kodayake injunan hadaddun kamar na'urori masu haɗawa da na'urori sun riga sun aiwatar da mahimman sassa na tsarin, yawancin matakan tsaka-tsaki har yanzu suna buƙatar aikin hannu a cikin dakin bincike. "Bai dace da amfani da kasuwanci ba," in ji Chris Takahashi, babban jami'in bincike a Makarantar Kimiyya da Injiniya ta Paul Allen a USF (Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering).

Takahashi ya bayyana cewa "Ba za ku iya samun mutane da ke zagaya cibiyar bayanai tare da pipettes ba, yana da saurin kamuwa da kuskuren ɗan adam, yana da tsada sosai kuma yana ɗaukar sarari da yawa," in ji Takahashi.

Domin wannan hanyar ajiyar bayanai ta sami ma'ana ta kasuwanci, farashin duka haɗin DNA-ƙirƙirar ginshiƙan ginshiƙai masu ma'ana-da tsarin da ake buƙata don karanta bayanan da aka adana dole ne a rage. Masu bincike sun ce wannan ita ce alkibla saurin ci gaba.

Automation wani maɓalli ne na wasan wasa, yin ajiyar bayanai a sikelin kasuwanci kuma mafi araha, a cewar masu binciken Microsoft.

A ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, DNA na iya ɗorewa fiye da tsarin adana kayan tarihi na zamani, wanda ke lalata shekaru da yawa. Wasu DNA sun yi nasarar rayuwa a cikin yanayin da ba su da kyau na dubban shekaru-a cikin hatsuran mammoth da kuma cikin ƙasusuwan mutane na farko. Wannan yana nufin ana iya adana bayanai ta wannan hanyar muddin ɗan adam ya wanzu.

Tsarin ajiyar DNA mai sarrafa kansa yana amfani da software wanda Microsoft da Jami'ar Washington (UW) suka kirkira. Yana jujjuya waɗanda da sifili na bayanan dijital zuwa jerin nucleotides (A, T, C da G), waɗanda sune “tubalan gini” na DNA. Sa'an nan tsarin yana amfani da kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje marasa tsada, galibi a waje, don samar da ruwan da ake buƙata da kuma reagents zuwa na'ura mai haɗawa, wanda ke tattara ɓangarorin DNA da aka ƙirƙira ya sanya su a cikin akwati.

Lokacin da tsarin ya buƙaci fitar da bayanai, yana ƙara wasu sinadarai don shirya DNA yadda ya kamata kuma yana amfani da famfo microfluidic don tura ruwa zuwa sassan tsarin da ke karanta jerin kwayoyin DNA da mayar da su zuwa bayanan da kwamfuta za ta iya fahimta. Masu binciken sun ce makasudin aikin ba wai don tabbatar da cewa tsarin na iya aiki cikin sauri ko kuma cikin arha ba, sai dai kawai a nuna cewa na'urar na iya yiwuwa.

Ofaya daga cikin fa'idodin tsarin adana DNA mai sarrafa kansa shine yana 'yantar da masana kimiyya don magance matsaloli masu rikitarwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba don neman kwalabe na reagents ko monotony na ƙara digo na ruwa cikin bututun gwaji.

"Samun tsarin sarrafa kansa don yin aikin maimaitawa yana ba da damar labs su mai da hankali kai tsaye kan bincike da haɓaka sabbin dabaru don haɓaka da sauri," in ji Bihlin Nguyen mai binciken Microsoft.

Tawaga daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Tsarin Bayanai na Kwayoyin Halitta Lab (MISL) ya riga ya nuna cewa zai iya adana hotuna na kuliyoyi, ayyuka masu ban mamaki na wallafe-wallafe, видео da adana bayanan DNA da fitar da waɗannan fayiloli ba tare da kurakurai ba. Har zuwa yau, sun sami damar adana gigabyte 1 na bayanai a cikin DNA, suna bugun Rikodin da ya gabata na 200 MB.

Masu bincike kuma sun haɓaka hanyoyin don yi lissafin ma'anakamar ganowa da dawo da hotuna kawai waɗanda ke ɗauke da apple ko koren keke ta amfani da kwayoyin da kansu, ba tare da mayar da fayilolin zuwa tsarin dijital ba.

“Zai iya cewa muna shaida haihuwar sabon nau’in na’urar kwamfuta, inda ake amfani da kwayoyin halitta wajen taskance bayanai da na’urorin lantarki wajen sarrafawa da sarrafa su. Wannan haɗin gwiwa yana buɗe abubuwa masu ban sha'awa don nan gaba, "in ji Farfesan Makarantar Allen a Jami'ar Washington. Louis Sese.

Ba kamar tsarin kwamfuta na tushen silicon ba, tushen ajiyar DNA da tsarin kwamfuta dole ne su yi amfani da ruwa don motsa kwayoyin halitta. Amma ruwa ya bambanta a yanayi daga electrons kuma yana buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin fasaha gaba ɗaya.

Tawagar Jami'ar Washington, tare da haɗin gwiwar Microsoft, suna kuma haɓaka tsarin da za'a iya tsarawa wanda ke sarrafa gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar amfani da kaddarorin wutar lantarki da ruwa don motsa ɗigon ruwa akan grid na lantarki. Cikakken saitin software da hardware da ake kira Puddle da PurpleDrop, na iya haɗawa, raba, zafi ko sanyaya ruwa daban-daban da aiwatar da ka'idojin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Manufar ita ce sarrafa gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje waɗanda a halin yanzu ake yin su da hannu ko ta hanyar amfani da mutum-mutumi masu tsada da ruwa da rage farashi.

Matakai na gaba na ƙungiyar MISL sun haɗa da haɗawa mai sauƙi, tsarin sarrafa kansa na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe tare da fasahohi irin su Purple Drop, da sauran fasahohin da ke ba da damar bincika ƙwayoyin DNA. Da gangan masu binciken suka sanya tsarinsu mai sarrafa kansa ya zama na yau da kullun ta yadda zai iya tasowa yayin da sabbin fasahohi don hada DNA, tsarawa da magudi suka bayyana.

"Daya daga cikin fa'idodin wannan tsarin shine idan muna son maye gurbin ɗayan sassan da wani sabon abu, mafi kyau ko sauri, za mu iya kawai toshe sabon ɓangaren," in ji Nguyen. "Wannan yana ba mu ƙarin sassauci don nan gaba."

Babban hoto: Masu bincike daga Microsoft da Jami'ar Washington sun yi rikodin kuma sun ƙidaya kalmar "hello", ta amfani da tsarin ajiyar bayanan DNA cikakke mai sarrafa kansa na farko. Wannan muhimmin mataki ne na motsa sabbin fasaha daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje zuwa cibiyoyin bayanan kasuwanci.

source: www.habr.com