Shigo da canji a aikace. Part 2. Farko. Hypervisor

A baya labarin an yi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓukan abin da za a iya maye gurbin tsarin da ake da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatar da odar musanya shigo da kaya. Labarai masu zuwa za su mai da hankali kan zaɓar takamaiman samfura don maye gurbin waɗanda aka tura a halin yanzu. Bari mu fara da wurin farawa - tsarin kama-da-wane.

1. Zafin zabi

To, me za ku iya zaɓa daga? IN rajista na Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sadarwar Jama'a akwai zabi:

• Tsarin tsarin sabar sabar"R-Virtualization» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Kunshin software"Brest kayan aikin haɓakawa» (libvirt, KVM, QEMU)
• Platform don sarrafawa da kuma sa ido kan yanayin haɓakawa "Sharx Stream" (maganin girgije wanda bai dace da ofisoshin gwamnati ba a cikin 95% na lokuta (asiri, da sauransu)
• Kunshin software don haɓakar sabar sabar, tebur da aikace-aikace"MAI GABATARWA(KVM x86)
• Tsari don amintaccen gudanarwa na yanayin haɓakawa "Z|mai kyau(aka oVirt+KVM)
• Tsarin Gudanar da Muhalli na Virtualization"ROSA Virtualization(aka oVirt+KVM)
• Hypervisor Farashin VMM (kuma yayi kama da Oracle Virtual Box don zama wani abu)

Hakanan zaka iya la'akari da hypervisors da aka haɗa a cikin rarrabawar OS ko waɗanda ke cikin ma'ajin su. Misali, Astra Linux yana da tallafin KVM. Kuma tun da an haɗa shi a cikin ma'ajin OS, ana iya la'akari da shi "halatta" don shigarwa da amfani. "Abin da za a iya amfani da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauya shigo da kaya da abin da ba zai iya ba" an tattauna a baya labarin, don haka ba zan tsaya a kan wannan batu ba.

A gaskiya, a nan jerin kayan aikin haɓakawa na Astra Linux:

• VirtualBox
• Virt-manajan (KVM) Eagle halin yanzu
• libvirt fiye KVM

ROSA Linux bashi da irin wannan jeri, amma zaka iya samunsa akan wiki fakiti masu zuwa:

• ROSA Virtualization akan oVirt akan KVM
• QEMU fiye KVM
• oVirt 3.5 fiye KVM

Calculate yana da wannan QEMU fiye KVM

Alt Linux yana da iri ɗaya KVM

1.2. Akwai daya AMMA

Idan muka yi nazari sosai, za mu ga cewa za mu yi mu’amala da wasu sanannun masu cutar hawan jini, wato:

1. KVM
2. VirtualBox
3. QEMU

QEMU shiri ne na kyauta kuma mai buɗewa don kwaikwayi kayan masarufi na dandamali daban-daban, waɗanda zasu iya aiki ba tare da amfani da KVM ba, amma yin amfani da ingantaccen kayan aikin na'urar yana haɓaka aikin tsarin baƙo, don haka amfani da KVM a cikin QEMU (-enable-kvm) shine zaɓin da aka fi so. (c) Wato, QEMU nau'in hypervisor ne na nau'in 2, wanda ba shi da karbuwa a cikin yanayin samfur. Tare da KVM ana iya amfani da shi, amma a wannan yanayin za a yi amfani da QEMU azaman kayan sarrafa KVM ...

Amfani da asali VirtualBox a cikin kasuwanci shine ainihin cin zarafin lasisi: "Tun daga sigar 4, wanda aka saki a cikin Disamba 2010, ana rarraba babban ɓangaren samfurin kyauta a ƙarƙashin lasisin GPL v2. Ƙarin fakitin da aka shigar a samansa, yana ba da tallafi ga na'urorin USB 2.0 da 3.0, Protocol Remote Desktop (RDP), boye-boye na drive, booting daga NVMe da PXE, ƙarƙashin lasisin PUEL na musamman ("don amfanin sirri da kimantawa") , wanda tsarin yana kyauta don amfanin mutum, don dalilai na horo, ko don kimantawa kafin yanke shawarar siyan sigar kasuwanci." (c) Plus VirtualBox shima nau'in hypervisor ne na 2, don haka shima ya ɓace.

Jimlar: a cikin tsarkakkiyar siffarsa kawai muke da shi KVM.

2. Sauran: KVM ko KVM?

Idan har yanzu kuna buƙatar canzawa zuwa hypervisor "na gida", zaɓinku, magana ta gaskiya, ƙarami ne. Zai kasance KVM a cikin ɗaya ko wani, tare da wasu gyare-gyare, amma har yanzu zai zama KVM. Ko wannan yana da kyau ko mara kyau wata tambaya ce;

Idan sharuɗɗan ba su da tsauri, to, kamar yadda aka tattauna a baya labarin: "Muna buƙatar kawo alamun zuwa iyakokin da aka kafa. A gaskiya ma, wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne mu maye gurbin data kasance OS tare da samfurori daga Ma'aikatar Telecom da Mass Communications rajista da kuma ƙara yawan maye gurbin tsarin aiki zuwa 80% .... Don haka, zamu iya barin gungu a kan Hyper-V. , tunda muna da ita kuma muna sonta... "(c) Don haka muna fuskantar wani zaɓi: Microsoft Hyper-v ko KVM. KVM watakila tare da sarrafawa "wanda aka ƙulla" zuwa gare shi, amma har yanzu zai kasance iri ɗaya KVM.

Waɗannan samfuran sun yi nisa da kwatankwacinsu sau ɗaya, ba sau biyu, ba sau uku...To ka gane...

Game da turawa da daidaitawa KVM ba haka aka rubuta ba sau ɗaya, ba sau biyu, ba sau uku kuma ba sau hudu... A cikin kalma, faduwar gaba.

Haka abin yake Microsoft Hyper-V..

Ban ga wani amfani a maimaita kaina da kuma kwatanta wadannan tsarin, kwatanta, da dai sauransu. Kuna iya, ba shakka, cire mahimman bayanai daga labarai, amma wannan zai zama rashin girmamawa ga marubuta, ina tsammanin. Duk wanda ya zaba zai karanta ba kawai wannan ba, har ma da dutsen bayanai don yanke shawara.

Bambancin da nake so in mayar da hankali a kai shine tari mai gazawa. Idan Microsoft ya gina wannan a cikin ayyukan OS da hypervisor, to, game da KVM za ku yi amfani da software na ɓangare na uku, wanda ya kamata a haɗa shi a cikin ma'ajin OS. Haɗin guda ɗaya na Corosync+Pacemaker, misali. (Kusan dukkanin tsarin aiki na cikin gida suna da wannan haɗin gwiwa ... watakila duka, amma ban duba 100% daga cikinsu ba.) Littattafai don kafa clustering kuma suna samuwa a yalwace.

3. Kammalawa

To, kamar yadda suka saba, Kulibins ɗinmu ba su damu ba, sun ɗauki abin da suke da shi, sun ƙara ɗan abin da suke da shi, kuma suka samar da "samfurin" wanda, bisa ga takardun, gida ne, amma a gaskiya shine OpenSource. Shin yana da ma'ana don kashe kuɗi daga kasafin kuɗi akan tsarin “raba” (karanta: ba a haɗa shi cikin OS)? Kar kayi tunani. Tunda har yanzu za ku sami KVM iri ɗaya, kawai za ku biya ta.

Don haka, zaɓin wanda zai maye gurbin hypervisor ya sauko zuwa abin da uwar garken OS za ku saya don Kasuwancin kuma kuyi aiki. Ko, kamar yadda a cikin shari'ata, za ku zauna tare da abin da kuke da shi (Hyper-VESXi insert_need).

source: www.habr.com