Muna ci gaba da jerin labaran mu game da sauya shigo da kaya. An tattauna wallafe-wallafen da suka gabata , kuma na musamman .
Yanzu shine lokacin magana game da tsarin aiki na "gida" wanda aka haɗa a ciki A zamanin yau.
0. Farawa
Na kama kaina ina tunanin cewa ban san ta waɗanne sigogi don kwatanta rarrabawar LINUX ba. Ya hau , bai sami karin haske ba. Wadanne ma'auni ne ya kamata a yi la'akari? Me za a dauka a matsayin mafari? Amma ni, mafi mahimmancin ma'auni na OS uwar garken shine kwanciyar hankali. Amma a cikin tsarin gwaji, kalmar "kwanciyar hankali" tana da ƙaranci. Da kyau, zan tono cikin tsarin da aka tura na mako guda ... Amma mako guda ba alama ba ne a cikin duniyar da shekaru biyu na lokaci-lokaci ba ma mahimmanci ba ne. Gwajin damuwa? Yadda za a loda tsarin a tsaye? Haka kuma, OS din ne ake buqatar lodawa, ba aikace-aikacen ba, sannan a loda shi har ya fado... Kuma idan babu daya daga cikinsu ya fadi, yaya za a kwatanta?..
Amma sai na yanke shawarar cewa za a iya inganta kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar sharadi daga kayan rarrabawa wanda shine uban OS na "gida". Ga Astra, alal misali, wannan shine Debian, don ROSA - Red Hat, don Lissafi - Gentoo, da sauransu. Kuma kawai ga Alt an cire shi daga Mandriva da dadewa har za a iya la'akari da shi a matsayin rarraba mai zaman kanta (dangane da duk sauran "na gida" OS). Amma da fatan za a tuna cewa duk wannan yana da matuƙar sharadi, saboda ba a san abin da masu kammalawa suka cusa a cikin lambobin tushe ba, da abin da aka canza a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓaka tsaro na OS.
Wani ma'aunin da aka fi sa ido shine abun da ke tattare da fakitin rarraba OS da fakitin da ke cikin ma'ajiyar sa. Amma a cikin wannan al'amari dole ne mu ci gaba daga buƙatun larura. Ina da nawa ayyuka da ake buƙatar warwarewa, kuna da naku, kuma hanyar da za a bi don zaɓar software ya kamata ya kasance daidai da wannan: "Aikin shine zabar software," kuma ba akasin haka ba, kamar yadda yakan faru a cikin marasa riba. .
Don haka, ga ayyukan da ake buƙatar turawa lokacin “motsi”:
- Sabar saƙo
- Zabbix
- DBMS
- uwar garken yanar gizo
- Jabber uwar garken
- Ajiyayyen
- Ofishin suite
- SUFD da abokan ciniki na Banki
- Abokin ciniki na imel
- Mai bincike
AD, DNS, DHCP, CertService kasance a kan sabar Windows (an ba da bayani game da wannan a ciki ). Amma a cikin adalci, na lura cewa za a iya tayar da Sabis na Directory akan SAMBA ko FreeIPA, kuma wasu rabawa suna da'awar "nasu" sabis na shugabanci (Astra Linux Directory, ALT, ROSA Directory, Lotos Directory). DNS da DHCP kuma suna aiki akan kowane rarraba Linux, amma ba kowa bane ke buƙatar sabar takaddun shaida.
Sabar saƙo. Ina son Zimbra. Na yi aiki tare da shi, ya dace, yana iya dawo da bayanai daga Exchange, yana iya yin wasu abubuwa da yawa. Amma ana iya tura shi akan ROSA Linux kawai. Kuna iya shigar da shi akan wasu OSes, amma ba za a yi la'akari da halal ba. A gefe guda, kowane tsarin aiki na “gida” yana da sabar sabar saƙon sa; Na shiga Zimbra.
Zabbix. Ba shi da masu fafatawa. Har ma fiye da haka a cikin tsarin sauya shigo da kaya. Zabbix an haɗa shi a cikin Alt Linux, RED OS, Astra da ROSA. An yi masa alamar "mara ƙarfi".
DBMS. PostgreSQL goyi bayan duk “na gida” OS.
uwar garken yanar gizo. Apache akwai a duk tsarin aiki na uwar garken.
Jabber uwar garken. Gabaɗaya, an shirya gabatarwa Bitrix24, amma na saba da gaskiyar cewa duk abin da ke faruwa na dogon lokaci, sabili da haka ina la'akari da zaɓi na tattaunawar kamfani bisa jabber. Na saba OpenFire. Yana ciki . Hakanan akwai maniyyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ROSA, Alt, RED OS da Astra.
Ajiyayyen. Akwai Bacula, wanda aka haɗa a Astra, Rosa, Alt, Lissafi, AlterOS.
Ofishin suite. Suite na ofis kyauta Ofishin Libre yana nan a cikin duk abokin ciniki (kuma sau da yawa uwar garken) "na gida" tsarin aiki.
Abokin ciniki na imel. Thunderbird yana nan a cikin duk abokin ciniki (kuma sau da yawa uwar garken) "na gida" tsarin aiki.
Mai bincike. Mafi ƙanƙanta Mozilla Firefox samuwa akan duk OSes. Yandex browser Hakanan zaka iya shigar dashi akan duk OS.
С SUFD da abokan ciniki na Banki komai yana da ɗan rikitarwa. A hukumance, duk wannan na iya aiki akan kusan duk tsarin aiki na "gida". A aikace, yana da matukar wahala a gwada wannan, tunda kuna buƙatar ɗaukar mai amfani, ku kawo shi zuwa injin a ƙarƙashin gwaji kuma ku ce "gwada shi." Wannan ya cika. Don haka a karon farko zan bar tsohon makirci - injin kama-da-wane ga kowane abokin ciniki na Banki tare da Windows da alamar da aka tura a ciki. Abin farin ciki, Linux ya san yadda ake tura alamun daidai. Kuma za a gani a can.
Na gaba, bari mu ci gaba da zabar Operating Systems wanda ya dace da bukatunmu. Amma saboda rashin fahimta, na yi ƙoƙari na rufe yawancin tsarin aiki da yawa daga rajistar Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Mai jarida.
1. Abin da za a zaɓa daga
Jerin da ke cikin rajistar ma'aikatar sadarwa da sadarwar jama'a yana da yawa, amma bayan taron majalisar kwararru kan software na Rasha a karkashin ma'aikatar sadarwa da sadarwar jama'a ta Rasha, an yanke shawarar. «Ulyanovsk.BSD«,«JAN OS"Kuma"Axis".
Tsarin da na ga ya zama dole don "taba":
- Linux Astra
- Alto
- Lissafi Linux
- Pink Linux
- JAN OS
- AlterOS
- WTware
Tsarin da ke tayar da tambayoyi fiye da yadda suke amsa (a gare ni):
- Ulyanovsk.BSD
- Axis
- QP OS
- Alpha OS
- OS LOTUS
- HaloOS
Da farko ina so in samar da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta, kwatancin, fasali ga kowane OS ... Amma duk wannan ya riga ya kasance. Akwai tarin hotunan kariyar kwamfuta a kan gidajen yanar gizon masu haɓakawa, kwatancen suna nan kuma a cikin ɗaruruwan labarai akan wannan batu akan RuNet, ana iya samun kwatancen yuwuwar a kan gidajen yanar gizon hukuma ... Amma idan ba ku samar da wani “ yi”, to komai zai sake saukowa zuwa ka'idar, kamar yadda yake a cikin labarin biyu na farko. Bidiyo? akwai kuma ... Za a yi takaitacciyar farantin, ba shakka, amma wannan ba aiki ba ne ...
Don haka a ƙarshe na yanke shawarar rubuta kawai ra'ayi na da tunani game da kowane distro yayin gwaji. To, ɗan ƙarin amfani, kuma ba haka ba ne mai amfani, bayanai.
1.1. Astra Linux
Siga na yanzu:
Astra Linux Common Edition - 2.12
Buga na Musamman na Astra Linux - 1.6
Rarraba iyaye shine Debian.
Ana iya duba abun da ke cikin fakitin software . (Maɓallin "Bayanai" maras ganewa a ƙarƙashin hotunan software mai alamar a cikin sashin "TSARIN AIKI".)
Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo sosai don shigarwa. An dauki kusan sa'a daya da rabi ana tura OS a kan na'ura mai mahimmanci ... Wato, idan akwai buƙatar saka shi a kan PC 1500 a cikin yanki, zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa.
Wannan shine Debian. Wannan gadon Debian ne. Astra yana da ma tsofaffin fakiti fiye da iyayenta, duka a cikin ginin da kuma a cikin ma'ajiya. Idan akwai buƙatar gaggawa, yana yiwuwa a haɗa ma'ajiyar Debian, duk da haka, wannan yana soke duk wani canji da aka shigo da shi ta atomatik (a wannan yanayin, zaku iya sabunta tsarin daga Debian apt update && ma'aunin haɓaka haɓakawa, kuma zai ci gaba da aiki. ... duk da haka, ban tabbatar da irin dabbar da muka ƙare da ita ba, na harbe shi don jinƙai kawai idan ...).
Desktop "Fly". A ka'ida, GUI ba lallai ba ne don uwar garken kwata-kwata, kodayake yana sauƙaƙa wasu ayyuka. Amma ga OS mai amfani babu inda ba tare da shi ba. Gabaɗaya, yana barin ra'ayi mai daɗi, yayin kasancewa kusa da Windows, wanda zai sauƙaƙa sauyawa zuwa wannan OS ga masu amfani. Gabaɗaya, akwai "-Fly" da yawa a cikin tsarin, kuma duk wannan shine ci gaban JSC NPO RusBITech. Hotkeys galibi suna aiki iri ɗaya kamar yadda suke yi akan Windows. Win + E yana buɗe Explorer, Win yana buɗe menu na taskbar, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, a fili, masu haɓakawa sun yi ƙoƙarin kawo bayyanar kamar yadda zai yiwu ga Windows.
OS yana shiga AD, yana ba ku damar saita izini, da sauransu. A lokacin gwaji, ya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali (har zuwa lokacin da za a iya yin hukunci a lokacin aikin gwaji), ba mai ƙarfi ba kuma mai sauƙi kuma mai daɗi Debian OS.
Idan kuna so, zaku iya shigar da fakiti daga wajen ma'ajiyar. Na gwada shi ta amfani da OpenFire a matsayin misali. Kuna zazzage fakitin don Debian, kuma an shigar da komai cikin sauƙi.
Don warware matsalolina, ana iya amfani da shi azaman dandamali don tura Zabbix, uwar garken Jabber, PosgreSQL, Apache. A matsayin OS na al'ada, yana biyan duk buƙatu (Nice interface, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox). Ban gwada SUFD da Abokin Banki ba.
Fitowa ta Musamman ya bambanta da Ɗabi'ar gama-gari a cikin wancan na musamman ya dace da aiki tare da sirrin ƙasa da sauran takaddun sirri, an tabbatar da shi don wannan. Na kowa shine “na yau da kullun” OS, ana iya amfani dashi inda ba a buƙatar takaddun shaida, kuma babu buƙatar yin aiki tare da sirri.
Farashin lasisin Buga na Musamman 1: RUB 14
Farashin lasisin Buga na gama gari 1: RUB 3
1.2. Alto
Rarraba iyaye - Alt Linux (a cikin 2000, An ɗauki MandrakeLinux azaman tushen)
Abu na farko da ya bani mamaki shine mai sakawa. Kafin rubuta wannan labarin, ba ni da kwarewa game da wannan tsarin, kuma na yi farin ciki da mai sakawa.
Ina matukar son uwar garken OS; Zan iya tura duk abin da nake buƙata a kai, ban da Zimbra a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauya shigo da kaya, ba shakka. Hakanan zaka iya tura mai sarrafa yanki (akwai aiwatarwar ku bisa OpenLDAP da MIT Kerberos).
A kan uwar garken akwai tebur na KDE. A zahiri babu canje-canje a cikinsa dangane da asali. Matsalar ita ce KDE ba ta sami wasu canje-canje a kan mai amfani da OS ba, wanda ke nufin cewa masu amfani za su yi kuka ba tare da al'ada ba.
Babban amfani da tsarin shine gaskiyar cewa an haɓaka shi a Rasha kusan shekaru 20. Yana da ɗimbin saitin software a cikin ma'ajiya da ɗimbin tushe na ilimi.
Ina so in lura cewa Basalt SPO manyan mutane ne. Sun yi wani abu na nasu riga lokacin da ba tukuna babban rafi ba, kuma suka ci gaba da yin haka. Kuma suna yin shi da kyau.
Farashin lasisin uwar garken 1: RUB 10
Abokin ciniki OS: RUB 4
1.3. Yi lissafin Linux
Rarraba iyaye - Gentoo
Kuna iya duba fakitin .
Akwai bugu tare da aiwatar da GUI daban-daban, akwai yalwa da za a zaɓa daga don dacewa da masu amfani. Buga na KDE, alal misali, yana kusa da Windows.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ana amfani da fitowar don shigar da fakiti, kafa wurin aiki yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa idan an yi da hannu. Mai yiwuwa zai zama da amfani sosai a nan, amma yana da daraja la'akari da duk zaɓuɓɓuka.
Tsarin na iya ɗaukakawa ta atomatik kuma yana iya aiki a cikin yankin AD.
Babban fa'idar OS, a ganina, shine Calculate Console, abu ne mai dacewa da amfani.
Lissafi bashi da tallafi.
Gabaɗaya, tsarin ya cancanci kulawa; yana iya tallafawa kusan duk sabis ɗin da nake buƙata: Zabbix (mai tambaya, yana buƙatar gwadawa a cikin yanayin samarwa), uwar garken jabber, PosgreSQL, Apache. A matsayin OS na al'ada, yana biyan duk buƙatu (Nice interface, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox). Ban gwada SUFD da Abokin Banki ba.
Farashin kowane lasisi: free
1.4. ROSA Linux
Siga na yanzu:
ROSA Enterprise Linux Server - 6.9
ROSA Enterprise Desktop - 11
Rarraba iyaye - Mandriva
OS mai amfani baya farawa akan Hyper-V. Ko mai sakawa ba zai iya farawa ba. "Aikin farawa yana gudana don riƙewa har sai aikin taya ya ƙare ..." Dole ne in tura shi akan PC.
KDE tebur a cikin aiwatar da ROSA yana kusa da Windows, wanda ke da kyau ga OS mai amfani. Hakanan akwai zaɓuɓɓuka tare da GNOME, LXQt, Xfce, akwai yalwa da za a zaɓa daga. Matsalar kawai ita ce sigar LibreOffice ta daɗe.
Ana iya samun abun da ke cikin software a ciki
OS ɗin uwar garken ya tabbatar da ya kasance tabbatacce. Ana iya amfani da wannan tsarin don gudanar da duk ayyukan da ke sha'awar ni, gami da Zimbra.
Ya san yadda ake aiki tare da AD kuma yana iya shiga ta ciki. Hakanan zai iya aiki azaman uwar garken izini. Ciki har da akwai nata aiwatar da mai sarrafa yanki - RDS, wanda aka ƙirƙira akan tushen freeIPA.
Farashin lasisin uwar garken 1: RUB 10
Abokin ciniki OS: RUB 3
1.5. JAN OS
Haka yake a cikin yanayin Astra - shigarwa mai tsayi sosai. Awa daya da rabi +-
Rarraba iyaye - Jar Hat
Za a iya duba ainihin saitin fakiti . . .
Desktop shine KDE. Tare da ƙananan canje-canje daga asali. Fuskokin bangon waya ba su da ban sha'awa kuma gumakan suna ja.
Sigar kernel ta Linux ɗaya ce daga cikin sabbin tsarin aiki na “gida” akan kasuwa.
Yana manne da AD, ana iya daidaita izini.
Komawa ga gaskiyar cewa GUI ba shi da mahimmanci ga uwar garken, RED HAT shine RED HAT. Yana da tsayayye, rubuce-rubuce, kuma akwai labarai da yawa kan yadda ake saita wani abu.
Zan iya faɗi da tabbaci cewa tsarin ba shi da kyau. Don warware matsalolina, ana iya amfani da shi azaman dandamali don tura Zabbix, uwar garken Jabber, PosgreSQL, Apache. Babu Bacula akansa. A matsayin mai amfani da OS, yana biyan bukatun da yawa (LibreOffice ya tsufa, Thunderbird da Firefox suna nan). Ban gwada SUFD da Abokin Banki ba.
Farashin lasisin uwar garken 1: RUB 13
Abokin ciniki OS: RUB 5
1.6. AlterOS
Siga na yanzu:
Server - 7.5
Desktop - 1.6
Rarraba iyaye - budeSUSE
A duk lokacin shigarwa, da kuma amfani da OS, Ina da jin dadi cewa ina aiki tare da CentOS, kuma ba tare da openSUSE ba.
Tabbatar da mai amfani yana ɗaukar kusan daƙiƙa 20, wanda ke haifar da aƙalla ruɗani.
A kan na'ura mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin Hyper-V, siginan linzamin kwamfuta ya juya ya zama marar ganuwa ... Ya yi aiki, ya haskaka maɓallan, danna su, amma ban gan shi ba. Sake kunnawa bai taimaka ba, har yanzu ban ga siginan kwamfuta ba.
Ba zai yiwu a sami jeri tare da abun da ke cikin fakitin software ba, don haka dole ne in shiga cikin ma'ajiyar da hannu. Ba mu sami damar tono duk abin da muke so ba, amma gabaɗaya mun sami abubuwa da yawa.
Teburin KDE tare da tallafin hotkey ya dace sosai. Tsarin yana da kyau, kusa da Windows, wanda ke da kyau ga masu amfani da ƙarshen. Gabaɗaya, GUI ya faranta min rai, idan ba don kwaro (ko fasali) tare da siginan da ba a iya gani ba.
Ya san yadda ake aiki tare da AD kuma yana iya shiga ta ciki. Hakanan zai iya aiki azaman uwar garken izini.
Ba ni da wata matsala tare da AlterOS, sai ga siginan kwamfuta, don haka tsarin yana aiki sosai.
Don magance matsalolina, ana iya amfani da shi azaman dandamali don tura PosgreSQL, Apache. A matsayin OS na al'ada, yana biyan duk buƙatu (Nice interface, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox). Ban gwada SUFD da Abokin Banki ba.
a cikin nau'i na hotuna da takardu.
Farashin lasisi 1: RUB 11
1.7. WTware
WTware ba za a iya kiransa da OS a ma'anar kalmar da aka saba ba. Wannan tsarin ƙari ne ga uwar garken OS, yana juya shi zuwa RDP don haɗa abokan ciniki na bakin ciki, kunshin ne wanda ke ba da damar abokan ciniki na bakin ciki su yi booting akan hanyar sadarwa. Yana goyan bayan Windows Server daga 2000 zuwa 2016, Hyper-V VDI, Windows ramut, xrdp akan Linux, Mac Terminal Server.
Ya ƙunshi sabar TFTP da aka ƙera don bawa abokan ciniki damar saukewa akan hanyar sadarwar, sabar HTTP da ke aiki tare da TFTP, da sabar DHCP don ba da adiresoshin IP ga abokan ciniki. Yana kuma iya kora na'urorin abokin ciniki daga hdd, CD-ROM ko flash drive.
Software yana da kyau .
kudin kowane lasisi:
1 - 9 lasisi: 1000 rubles
10 - 19 lasisi: 600 rubles
20 - 49 lasisi: 500 rubles
50 - 99 lasisi: 400 rubles
100 ko fiye lasisi: 350 rubles
1.8. Ulyanovsk.BSD
Siga na yanzu:
Ulyanovsk.BSD 12.0 SAUKI P3
Rarraba iyaye - FreeBSD
Kamar yadda aka rubuta a sama, Ulyanovsk.BSD yana da kowane damar da za a cire shi daga rajista na Ma'aikatar Telecom da Mass Communications, tun da yake dogara ne akan FreeBSD, kusan ba ya bambanta da asali, kuma yana amfani da ma'ajinsa, wanda, a cikin tsarin. na maye gurbin shigo da kaya, yana haifar da rudani dangane da abin da za a iya la'akari da ingantaccen software.
Ulyanovsk.BSD an "haɓaka" ta mutum ɗaya. Wani abu ya gaya mani cewa kadan ya canza cikin dangi dangane da rarrabawar FreeBSD iyaye. A cikin kalma, ba zan yi la'akari da shi ba, ko da yake zan samar da wasu bayanai a cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin, kawai don bayyana shi.
Bugu da ƙari, rarrabawar da aka sauke bai fara akan Hyper-V ba ko dai a cikin Windows 10 ko a cikin yanayin tari na 2012R2. Mai hawan hawan jini kawai bai ga inda zai fara ba. Na yanke shawarar cewa bana bukata a wannan lokacin...
Ban ga ma'anar rubuta wani abu ba, akwai sake dubawa da yawa akan FreeBSD, don haka bari mu ci gaba kuma kada ku dage.
Farashin lasisi 1Farashin: 500 rub.
1.9. Axis
Sabon Sigar: - 2.1
Rarraba iyaye - CentOS
Tun lokacin da aka rubuta labarin da ya gabata, halin da ake ciki tare da gidan yanar gizon OS bai canza ba; hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ba ta aiki. Comrade Na kara hanyar haɗi zuwa kayan aikin rarrabawa a cikin sharhi, godiya ga Mutumin. Amma gaskiyar cewa har yanzu masu haɓakawa ba su amsa buƙatu na ba, akwai matsaloli tare da rukunin yanar gizon da shigar da OS a cikin rajistar Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sadarwar Jama'a, hakan bai haifar da da mai ido ba. tunani game da al'amura. Aƙalla, na fara karkata zuwa ga ra'ayin cewa babu buƙatar jira sabunta OS, kuma idan haka ne, to la'akari da tsarin ya mutu.
Har ila yau, ra'ayin dakatar da goyon baya yana goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa yum update umurnin ya dawo "Babu kunshin da aka yiwa alama don sabuntawa", wato, tun lokacin da aka saki 2018.11.23 na ƙarshe, wanda ya riga ya kasance watanni shida, babu abin da ya canza a cikin ma'aji. .
OS OS shine daidaitaccen saiti don aiki, ba komai fiye da yadda aka saba.
Shigarwa yana da sauri sosai (dangane da duk sauran rabawa). Ma'ajiyar tana da ƙarancin gaske, sigar Linux kernel ta tsufa sosai - 3.10.0, kuma fakitin software ma sun tsufa.
Ba na son GUI da gaske. Ba wai kawai menu na ɗawainiya an yi shi da ban mamaki (rukuni a dama, maɓalli a hagu), amma kuma maras bayani ne. Daidai ne saboda irin waɗannan GUIs cewa masu amfani na yau da kullun suna ƙin Linux a duk bayyanarsa…
Abinda kawai nake so kuma na makale a kai shine ginannen wasan 2048... Na kwashe kusan mintuna 15 ina wasa dashi har na dawo hayyacina...
Farashin lasisi: free
1.10. QP OS
"QP OS ba clone na kowane tsarin aiki ba ne kuma an haɓaka shi daga karce..." (c) Cryptosoft ya gabatar da wannan "na musamman" a matsayin ƙari na tsarinsa, amma a gaskiya, daga wannan za mu iya yanke shawarar cewa babu wani. An gano kwari “Akwai tarin fasali a cikinsa, kuma masu haɓakawa ne kawai za su iya gudanar da shi, wanda ke rage farashin sa sosai a idanun masu gudanar da tsarin.
Labarin da ya gabata ya haifar da martani daga kamfanin Cryptosoft. Wakilinsu ya yi rajista akan Habré kawai don bayyana “fi”. Jawabin ya kasance kamar haka:
Wanda ya gaya min abubuwa da yawa game da cancantar masu haɓakawa. Bayan wannan sanarwa a hukumance, na yanke shawara da kaina cewa ba zan zo cikin kilomita daya daga cikin kayayyakinsu ba. Idan mai haɓakawa ya ce "rabewar hypervisors zuwa nau'ikan abu ne na dangi," to a fili bai fahimci abin da yake magana ba. Amma, na yanke shawarar zama haƙiƙa kuma na nemi rarraba gwaji. Ban sami amsa ba. C.T.D.
A zahiri, Cryptosoft suna da kyau. Haƙiƙa sun yi wani sabon abu, wani abu nasu, kuma halina gare su ya dogara ne akan baƙuwar tunani (da kuma bayanin wanda ya rubuta sharhi a madadinsu akan labarin da ya gabata). Amma kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa suna da wata hanya mai ban mamaki don ci gaban mu'amala. Misali, 99.99% kofe daga VirtualBox (gami da "tsarin" na maɓallan..), QP DB Manager Tool interface yana daga Veeam, da dai sauransu.
Farashin:
Wani dalilin da ya sa ba na so in shiga tare da QP shine rashin OS don sayarwa kyauta.
1.11. Alpha OS
A bayyane yake, babu OS kamar haka. Zan bayyana dalili. Ba za a iya saya ba. Ba za a iya sauke shi ba (ko da a kan wuraren da aka katange, idan kun san abin da nake nufi). Yana kawai yana da bayanin, rufaffiyar rukuni akan VK, bidiyo ɗaya akan tashar YouTube da gidan yanar gizon da ke da bayanin (wasu hotuna da bidiyo da yawa). Duka. Ba a sabunta shi ba tsawon shekara guda. Kuma babu wanda ya amsa wasiƙata da buƙatun sayan.
Dangane da bayanin, wannan kusan shine shafaffen Allah na MacOS tare da Windows. Akwai sigar abokin ciniki na musamman; babu sigar uwar garken. Yana da kyau, kuma fuskar bangon waya ba ta da ban sha'awa ... Ko da yake tallan su yana da ban dariya. Hujjar goyon bayan Alpha OS suna kamar haka: "Idan akwai wani wuri a cikin tebur na ma'aikata don ƙwararren a cikin multimedia ko kayan talla, dole ne ku fitar da ƙarin 21 rubles a kowace shekara ga kowane aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata don aikin ƙwararrun sa:
- Raster graphics aiki: Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud ~ RUB 21. a shekara"(c) Sannan labarin cewa Alpha yana da GIMP kyauta ... Kuma ba kalma ba game da gaskiyar cewa yana samuwa ga Windows ...
Farashin:
OSes ba su samuwa don siyarwa ko da bisa buƙatar kai tsaye daga mai haɓakawa.
1.12. OS LOTUS
«Babu gwajin rarraba Lotus OS a cikin yanayi. Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan.
Kuna iya siyan lasisi ɗaya a cikin layi mai laushi, misali, ko daga abokan haɗin gwiwar kamfani.
Gwaji (ma'anar gwaji daidai da bukatun dangin GOST34), kamar haka, Lotus OS yana gudana shekaru 4 yanzu, a cikin hukumomi daban-daban tare da ƙwarewa sosai.
Godiya ga irin wannan gwajin, Lotus OS yana cikin tsarin tsaro na bayanai kamar SecretNet (Lambar Tsaro), DallasLock (Confident), tsarin tsaro na bayanai kamar VipNet (Infotex), CryptoPro (CRYPTO-PRO), riga-kafi kamar Kaspersky anti-virus. .
Idan kun rikice game da dacewa da software ko hardware na yanzu,
Mu, yin la'akari da sha'awar ku, za mu shiga cikin warware matsalar ku. Gwaji don sabili da gwaji ba shi da ban sha'awa."(c) (ainihin magana)
Tun da mai haɓakawa ba ya so ya samar da rarraba gwaji, ba shi da sha'awar aiwatar da samfurinsa. Ko da Windows yana da lokacin gwaji ... Don haka bayanin zai kasance na ka'ida ne kawai, an ɗauke shi daga takaddun kuma an bincika.
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa:
«Sabis ɗin adireshi na Lotos Directory..."(da)
To, da wuya ya zama nata. A ƙarƙashin hular akwai ko dai samba ɗaya, ko FreeIPA, ko wani abu dabam... Wannan ba ya cikin takaddun.
«Lotus OS yana ba da damar yin amfani da manufofin rukuni daga mahaɗar hoto na mai gudanarwa."(da)
Yin la'akari da bidiyon da aka gabatar akan gidan yanar gizon mai haɓakawa, a, yana yiwuwa. Amma saitin ayyukan yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana da iyaka wanda ya bar kawai abin da ake so. Eh, ya fi komai kyau, amma... ban sani ba. Ban gamsu ba. Domin yana kama da aika umarni zuwa selinux iri ɗaya da Tacewar zaɓi ... Tabbas, na yi kuskure, amma wannan ba ya canza ainihin lamarin.
"Ma'aikatar kula da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na Lotus ta keɓe fayilolin tsarin tsarin aiki daga mai gudanarwa, yana ba shi ingantaccen keɓaɓɓen hoto don canza sigogin tsarin."(da)
Menene ma'anar cewa fayilolin sanyi suna ɓoye ko da daga mai gudanarwa ... To, ta yaya Linux admins, waɗanda aka saba da su zama ja-jajayen idanu, za su yi aiki tare da wannan? Ga masu gudanar da Windows, wannan wata hanya ce da aka saba da ita, wanda zai sa sake horarwa ya ɗan sauƙi...Amma zai rikitar da rayuwar admins na Linux… dubawa a saman, kuma ba duk wannan ba ...
Har ila yau, ba a iya samun abubuwan da ke tattare da fakitin a cikin ma'ajiyar. Don haka tambayar abin da za mu iya samu a matsayin ɓangare na OS ya kasance ba a amsa ba.
Farashin lasisin uwar garken 1: RUB 15
Abokin ciniki OS: RUB 3
1.13. HaloOS
Ba mu sami wani bayani akan wannan OS ba. Kawai a cikin rajistar Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Sadarwar Jama'a, ke nan. Akwai hanyar haɗi zuwa samfurin da ke kaiwa zuwa gidan yanar gizon mai haɗawa, amma babu bayani.
Game da farashin. Ra'ayina na kashin kansa, wanda ko kadan ba ni dora wa kowa ba kuma ba na neman a dauke shi a matsayin gaskiya, shi ne kamar haka:
Rashin samfurin don sayarwa kai tsaye yana nuna cewa wannan ba kasuwanci ba ne, tun da kowane abokin ciniki za a ba da farashin kansa a cikin tsarin kwangilar, kuma ni da kaina na la'akari da wannan a matsayin "misali halin da ake ciki" a kasar, wanda yana da babu ruwansa da kasuwanci mai tsanani, kuma ana nufin rarraba kudade ne kawai.
2. Takaitaccen
Don haka, bari mu taƙaita bayanin da muka tona a cikin nau'i mai narkewa.
Bayanan asali akan OS OS uwar garken:
*Ulyanovsk.BSD shine FreeBSD kusan a cikin tsaftataccen tsari.
Mahimman ayyuka waɗanda za a iya shigar da su akan tsarin aiki na uwar garken:
Custom OS:
Linux Astra - aiki. Debian yana da kwanciyar hankali. Ga mai amfani, GUI yana kusa da Windows Explorer, wanda zai sauƙaƙa sauyawa zuwa sabon OS. A matsayin uwar garke ya dace don magance kusan duk matsalolin da nake buƙatar warwarewa. Kowa banda Zimbra.
Alto - quite mai kyau tsarin. Wataƙila kusan duk abin da nake buƙata. Barga. Teburin aiki zai zama sabon sabon abu ga masu amfani. A matsayin uwar garke ya dace don magance kusan duk matsalolin da nake buƙatar warwarewa. Kowa banda Zimbra.
Amma akwai babba AMMA. Farashin tallafi na fasaha. Lasisi na dindindin yana kashe sau 1.5 ƙasa da tallafin fasaha na shekara guda. 24 rubles a kowace shekara ... Idan ba don farashin batun ba ...
a kan Lissafi Linux Zan iya tura kusan duk abin da ke sha'awar ni, amma rashin tallafi irin wannan abu ne. Ee, kyauta ne. Amma idan wani abu ya faru, shugabannin admins za su birgima.
Pink Linux - aiki. Zai iya gudanar da duk ayyukan da nake buƙata, gami da Zimbra. Daga ra'ayi na OS mai amfani, matsalar tana cikin tsohuwar sigar LibreOffice.
JAN OS - maimakon a da a'a. Baya ga uwar garken wasiku da tsarin ajiyar waje. A matsayin OS mai amfani - mai yiwuwa ba, kawai saboda tsofaffin ofis ɗin. Amma farashin kayan rarrabawa ya fi na masu fafatawa... Amma wannan JAN HAT ne... amma... amma...
AlterOS - ba za ku iya gudanar da Zabbix ko uwar garken Jabber a kai ba. In ba haka ba, yana da kyakkyawan tsari mai kyau. A matsayin abokin ciniki OS, matsalar tana cikin ɗakin ofis ɗin da ya gabata, idan ba don wannan ba, to zai zama mafita mai kyau.
WTware ga bakin ciki abokan ciniki shi ne quite dace. Amma wannan ba OS ba ne, don haka da alama ba za ku iya ƙirga shi a cikin "gudu". Wato, a wurina, idan akwai PC na abokin ciniki 1500, ba za a iya ba da rahoto game da sauya shigo da kaya ba ta hanyar cewa mun mayar da duk ma'aikatan 1.5k zuwa ƙwararrun abokan ciniki kuma muna da wasu windows 300 na uwar garken, saboda waɗannan 1.5k sune. ba OSes...
Ulyanovsk.BSD - A'a. Domin ya haifar da damuwa saboda yadda za a iya cire shi daga rajistar ma'aikatar sadarwa da sadarwa. Kodayake FreeBSD samfuri ne mai kyau kuma tabbatacce, wannan samfurin ...
Axis - har sai an warware batun yiwuwar kamfanin ci gaba da tallafi - ba shakka ba. Idan shawarar ta kasance tabbatacce ... da alama ba haka ba ... Ko da yake na saba da CentOS, har yanzu ba haka ba ne.
QP OS - tabbas kuma ba shakka ba. Tare da irin waɗannan ƙwararrun ƙwararru da irin wannan hali ... Wannan shine ra'ayi na ra'ayi, amma ba zai canza ba.
Alpha OS. Abin da aka rubuta game da ita a Intanet kuma aka nuna a cikin bidiyon yana jin daɗi. Da ace wannan tsarin ya wanzu a rayuwa ta gaske...
OS LOTUS. Sayan abu ba tare da dubawa ba? A'a na gode. Idan ba ku da sha'awar gwadawa, to ba ni da sha'awar siyan software ɗinku saboda gwaji.
HaloOS saboda dalilai masu ma'ana, a'a ko ɗaya, saboda ba ni da ƙaramin ra'ayin menene ko abin da ake ci da shi.
3. Sakamakon
Domin turawa Zimbra Collaboration Suite OSE Zan buƙaci aƙalla kwafi 1 ROSA Enterprise Linux Server, ko mafi kyau tukuna 2 - don kafa wakili.
Don haɓaka duk sauran ayyuka, yana da ma'ana don amfani Astra Common Edition ko JAN OS, tun da a nan gaba farashin waɗannan tsarin zai zama mafi riba saboda tallafi mai arha. Amma da kaina, Ina son Astra.
Ana iya tura wasu ayyuka marasa mahimmanci akan tushe Lissafi Linux, don haka yana da kyauta. Amma saboda rashin goyon baya, waɗannan ya kamata su zama ayyuka waɗanda lokacin da ba su da mahimmanci ga Kasuwancin, tun da masu kula da tsarin suna da alhakin aikin su kai tsaye.
Custom OS - Har yanzu na fi son iri ɗaya Astra CE. Yana da sabon ɗakin ofis, GUI mai sauƙin amfani, tsarin zai iya yin duk abin da kuke buƙata daga gare ta. Ee, yana da arha fiye da masu fafatawa.
Idan akwai buƙatar tura uwar garken directory da sauran ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa, yana da ma'ana don duba OS na iyali ɗaya da za a tura don masu amfani, aƙalla daga mahangar dacewa. A cikin yanayina, idan har yanzu ina buƙatar yin wannan, zai fi yiwuwa Astra CE.
4. PS:
Ban yi magana da fakitin CAD ba tukuna. Kuma ban ma sani ba ko ya cancanci farawa, saboda na sami software na "gida" kyauta a cikin wannan rukunin kawai a cikin fakitin ROSA. Amma akwai babbar matsala ta lasisin, tunda idan aka samu kurakurai a lissafin, wanda a dalilin tsadar kayan masarufi ba zai iya aiki ba, alhakin injiniyan da ya ƙera shi ne zai ɗauki nauyinsa, ba wai kamfanin da ya kera software ba, wanda ya ke yin hakan. Wannan batu yana da rikitarwa, kuma mai yiwuwa za a warware shi ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa kwamfutocin da ke tafiyar da Windows za su kasance a cikin sassan ci gaba, ko duk wannan za a sake gyara shi kuma duka. za a karkatar da lissafin zuwa cibiyar bayanai. Ban yi tunanin wannan ba tukuna.
4.1. PS2."Daga marubucin«
a) Na yi kokari. Shin gaskiya ne. Amma na fahimci da kyau cewa mai yiwuwa na yi rikici a wani wuri. Don Allah, kafin yin fushi da maɓallin "ƙananan karma", rubuta a cikin sharhin abin da ba daidai ba, kuma zan yi ƙoƙarin gyara komai idan ya dace da haƙiƙa.
b) Na fahimci cewa ba a gabatar da bayanin da ke cikin wannan labarin daidai yadda nake so ba. Akwai wasu ruɗani da son zuciya a nan, waɗanda ni kaina na ɗauka ba daidai ba ne. Amma bisa la'akari da cewa an yi ayyuka da yawa, na tanadi 'yancin gabatar da duk wannan daidai yadda yake a cikinsa.
source: www.habr.com