Yanayin bayanin da aka tsara shine nau'in hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa da aka raba. Amma ba kamar yawancin hanyoyin da ake da su ba, wannan mahalli yana da kaddarorin masu amfani da yawa ban da rarrabuwar kawuna kuma an ƙirƙira shi bisa ingantattun hanyoyin fasaha masu sauƙi da daidaitattun hanyoyin (email, json, fayilolin rubutu da ƙaramin blockchain). Wannan yana ba duk wanda ke da ilimin shirye-shirye na asali damar ƙirƙirar ayyukan kansu don wannan yanayi.
ID na duniya
A kowane yanayi na kan layi, masu amfani da abubuwan gano abubuwa suna ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tsarin.
A wannan yanayin, mai gano mai amfani shine imel, wanda a zahiri ya zama mai ganowa gabaɗaya don izini akan gidajen yanar gizo da sauran ayyuka (jaber, openId).
A haƙiƙa, mai gano mai amfani a cikin yanayin da aka bayar akan layi shine nau'in yanki + shiga, wanda don dacewa an rubuta shi a cikin sigar da aka saba da ita. A lokaci guda, don ƙara yawan rarrabawa, yana da kyau kowane mai amfani ya sami yankin nasu. Wanne yana kusa da ƙa'idodin indieweb, inda ake amfani da yanki azaman mai gano mai amfani. A cikin yanayinmu, mai amfani yana ƙara sunan barkwanci zuwa yankinsa, wanda ke ba shi damar ƙirƙirar asusun da yawa a kan yanki ɗaya (ga abokai, alal misali) kuma ya sa tsarin yin magana ya fi sauƙi.
Wannan sigar ID ɗin mai amfani ba a haɗa shi da kowace hanyar sadarwa ba. Idan mai amfani ya sanya bayanansa akan hanyar sadarwar TOR, to zai iya amfani da domains a yankin .onion; idan wannan cibiyar sadarwa ce tare da tsarin DNS akan blockchain, to domains a cikin yankin .bit. A sakamakon haka, tsarin yin magana da masu amfani da bayanan su bai dogara da hanyar sadarwar da ake watsa su ba (ana amfani da haɗin shiga + yanki ko'ina). Ga waɗanda suke son yin amfani da adireshin bitcoin/ethereum azaman mai ganowa, zaku iya canza tsarin don amfani da adiresoshin imel na fom ɗin. [email protected]
Magance abubuwa
Wannan mahalli na kan layi ainihin saitin abubuwa ne waɗanda aka siffanta su a cikin tsari mai tsari, nau'in injin da za a iya karantawa, koma zuwa wasu abubuwa kuma an ɗaure su da takamaiman mai amfani (email) ko aikin / ƙungiya (yanki).
urns a cikin urn: opendata namespace ana amfani dashi azaman masu gano abu. Misali, bayanin martabar mai amfani yana da adireshi kamar:
urn:opendata:profile:[email protected]Sharhin mai amfani yana da adireshin kamar:
urn:opendata:comment:[email protected]:08adbed93413782682fd25da77bd93c99dfd0548inda 08adbed93413782682fd25da77bd93c99dfd0548 shine bazuwar sha-1 zanta da ke aiki azaman id, kuma [email kariya] - mai wannan abu.
Ka'idar buga bayanan mai amfani
Samun yankin ku a ƙarƙashin iko, mai amfani zai iya buga bayanansa da abun ciki cikin sauƙi. Kuma ba kamar indiebeb ba, wannan baya buƙatar ƙirƙirar gidan yanar gizon da ke da shafukan html tare da ginanniyar bayanan ma'ana.
Misali, mahimman bayanai game da mai amfani suna cikin fayil ɗin datarobots.txt, wanda ke a adireshin kamar haka.
http://55334.ru/[email protected]/datarobots.txtKuma yana da abun ciki kamar haka:
Object: user
Services-Enabled: 55334.ru,newethnos.ru
Ethnos: newethnos
Delegate-Tokens: http://55334.ru/[email protected]/delegete.txtWato, a zahiri, saitin igiyoyi ne tare da bayanan maɓalli na nau'in->darajar, ƙaddamarwa wanda aiki ne mai sauƙi ga duk wanda ke da ilimin shirye-shirye na asali. Kuma kuna iya gyara bayanan idan kuna so ta amfani da faifan rubutu na yau da kullun.
Ƙarin bayanai masu rikitarwa (profile, sharhi, post, da sauransu), waɗanda ke da urn ɗin sa, ana aika su azaman abu JSON ta amfani da daidaitaccen API (http://opendatahub.org/api_1.0?lang=ru), wanda zai iya zama kamar a kan yankin mai amfani, da kuma a kan wani ɓangare na uku wanda mai amfani ya wakilta ajiya, bugawa da kuma gyara bayanansa (a cikin Sabis-Enabled line na datarobots.txt fayil). Irin waɗannan ayyuka na ɓangare na uku an bayyana su a ƙasa.
Simple ontology da JSON
Ilimin yanayin sadarwa yana da sauƙin sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da tushen ilimin masana'antu. Tunda a cikin mahallin sadarwa akwai ƙaramin tsari na daidaitattun abubuwa (post, comment, like, profile, review) tare da ƙananan kaddarorin.
Sabili da haka, don kwatanta abubuwa a cikin irin wannan yanayi, ya isa ya yi amfani da JSON maimakon XML, wanda ya fi rikitarwa a cikin tsari da rarrabawa (yana da mahimmanci kada a manta game da buƙatar ƙananan ƙofar shiga da scalability).
Don samun wani abu tare da sanannen urn, muna buƙatar tuntuɓar yankin mai amfani, ko sabis na ɓangare na uku wanda mai amfani ya wakilta sarrafa bayanansa.
A cikin wannan mahallin kan layi, kowane yanki wanda sabis na kan layi ya kasance yana da nasa datarobots.txt dake a adireshi kamar misalin.com/datrobots.txt mai irin wannan abun ciki:
Object: service
Api: http://newethnos.ru/api
Api-Version: http://opendatahub.org/api_1.0Daga cikin abin da za mu iya koya cewa za mu iya samun bayanai game da wani abu a adireshi kamar:
Abun JSON yana da tsari mai zuwa:
{
"urn": "urn:opendata:profile:[email protected]",
"status": 1,
"message": "Ok",
"timestamp": 1596429631,
"service": "example.com",
"data": {
"name": "John",
"surname": "Gald",
"gender": "male",
"city": "Moscow",
"img": "http://domain.com/image.jpg",
"birthtime": 332467200,
"community_friends": {
"[email protected]": "1",
"[email protected]": "0.5",
"[email protected]": "0.7"
},
"interests_tags": "cars,cats,cinema",
"mental_cards": {
"no_alcohol@main": 8,
"data_accumulation@main": 8,
"open_data@main": 8
}
}
}Gine-ginen sabis
Sabis na ɓangare na uku suna da mahimmanci don sauƙaƙe tsarin bugawa da neman bayanai don masu amfani na ƙarshe.
Wanda aka ambata a sama yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan sabis ɗin da ke taimakawa mai amfani buga bayanansa akan hanyar sadarwar. Za a iya samun ayyuka iri ɗaya da yawa, kowannensu yana ba mai amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don gyara ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan bayanai (forum, blog, amsa-tambayoyi, da sauransu). Idan mai amfani bai amince da sabis na ɓangare na uku ba, to zai iya shigar da rubutun sabis na bayanai akan yankinsa ko haɓaka shi da kansa.
Baya ga ayyukan da ke ba masu amfani damar buga/gyara bayanai, yanayin kan layi yana ba da wasu ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ke yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke da matsala don aiwatarwa akan nodes na ƙarshen mai amfani.
Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan sabis ɗin shine cibiyoyin bayanai ( - misali), aiki azaman nau'in tarihin gidan yanar gizo wanda ke tattara duk bayanan mai amfani da injin- karantawa na jama'a kuma yana ba da damar zuwa gare ta ta API.
Kasancewar ayyuka a cikin irin wannan buɗaɗɗen yanayi na kan layi yana rage girman shingen shigarwa ga masu amfani, tunda babu buƙatar shigar da saita kumburin nasu. A lokaci guda, mai amfani yana ci gaba da sarrafa bayanansa (a kowane lokaci yana iya canza sabis ɗin da aka ba da izinin buga bayanan ko ƙirƙirar kullin kansa).
Idan mai amfani kwata-kwata baya sha'awar mallakar bayanansa kuma bashi da yankin kansa ko wanda ya saba da yankin, to ta hanyar tsohuwa ana sarrafa bayanansa ta opendatahub.org.
A kudin wane ne wannan duka?
Watakila babbar matsalar kusan dukkanin irin wadannan ayyukan da aka raba su shine rashin iya samun kudin shiga a matakin da ya isa ga ci gaba mai dorewa da tallafi.
Ana amfani da ba da gudummawa + alamun don rufe ci gaba da farashin tallace-tallace a cikin wannan yanayin kan layi.
Duk gudummawar da masu amfani ke bayarwa ga ayyukan / ayyuka na cikin gida ana samunsu a bainar jama'a, ana iya karanta na'ura kuma suna da alaƙa da imel. Wannan yana ba su damar yin la'akari da su, misali, lokacin ƙididdige ƙimar zamantakewar kan layi da buga su akan shafukan masu amfani. Lokacin da gudummawar ta daina zama ba a san su ba, to a zahiri masu amfani ba sa ba da gudummawa ba, amma “zuwa guntu” don tallafawa yanayin bayanan gaba ɗaya. Kamar yadda mutane ke shiga don gyara wuraren gama gari tare da halayen da suka dace ga mutanen da suka ƙi shiga.
Baya ga gudummawa, don tara kuɗi, ana amfani da alamun da aka bayar a cikin iyakataccen adadi (400.000), waɗanda ake ba duk wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga babban asusun (ethnogenesis).
Ƙarin fasalulluka
Kowane alamar “maɓalli” don samun dama ga wannan yanayin kan layi. Wato, zaku iya amfani da sabis kuma ku kasance cikin yanayin kan layi kawai idan kuna da aƙalla alamar 1 wanda ke daura da imel.
Alamu suna da kyau tace spam saboda ƙarancin yanayin su. Yawancin masu amfani da ke cikin tsarin, mafi wahalar samun alamar alama kuma mafi tsada shine ƙirƙirar bots.
Mutane, bayanansu da haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa sun fi fasaha mahimmanci
Yanayin da aka bayyana akan layi shine a zahiri mafi mahimmanci na farko. Amma abu mafi mahimmanci a ciki ba shine fasaha da yawa ba kamar yadda mutane da haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa da bayanai (abun ciki) da aka yi a cikin yanayi.
Ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da aka kirkiro, waɗanda membobinsu ke da abubuwan gano nasu na duniya (email da nasu yanki) da kuma bayanan da aka tsara (tare da adiresoshin URN, ontology da JSON abubuwa), lokacin da mafi kyawun bayani na fasaha ya bayyana, zai iya canja wurin duk wannan bayanan zuwa wani yanayi na kan layi, yayin kiyaye haɗin da aka kafa (ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ƙididdiga) da abun ciki.
Wannan sakon yana bayyana daya daga cikin abubuwan da cibiyar sadarwa ta tsara ta al'umma, wanda, ban da yanayin da ake ciki a kan layi, ya haɗa da wurare masu yawa na layi wanda ke kara yawan fa'idodin yanayin kan layi kuma su ne "abokan ciniki" waɗanda ke ƙayyade ayyukansa. Amma waɗannan batutuwa ne don wasu labaran da ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da IT da fasaha.
source: www.habr.com