A cikin 2014, an haɗa makarantar karkara da ke wajen birnin Campo a Brazil. Wani al'amari na yau da kullun, idan ba don "amma". An haɗa haɗin ta hanyar balloon stratospheric. Wannan taron shine nasarar farko na babban aikin , wani reshen Alphabet. Kuma tuni bayan shekaru 5, gwamnatocin kasashen da bala'in guguwa da girgizar kasa ya shafa sun juya zuwa Loon tare da neman taimako a hukumance wajen samar da hanyoyin sadarwa ta Intanet. Cloud4Y yayi bayanin yadda haɗin gajimare na Google ya zama gaskiya.
Project Loon yana da ban sha'awa saboda yana ba da shawarar magance matsalar sadarwar Intanet a yankuna waɗanda, saboda wasu dalilai, an yanke su daga wayewa da tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya. Wannan ba lallai ba ne sakamakon bala'i na halitta. Matsalolin na iya kasancewa a cikin nisa na yanki ko wurin da bai dace ba na yankin. Ko ta yaya, idan mutum yana da wayar hannu, zai iya haɗawa da Intanet ta hanyar balloons da Loon ya tsara.
Hakanan ingancin sadarwa yana kan matakin. A watan Fabrairun 2016, Google ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya sami daidaiton hanyar sadarwa ta Laser tsakanin balloons biyu a nisan mil 62 (kilomita 100). Haɗin ya tsaya tsayin daka na awanni da yawa, dare da rana, kuma an yi rikodin saurin canja wurin bayanai na 155 Mbps.
Ta yaya wannan aikin
Tunanin na iya zama mai sauƙi. Loon ya dauki muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin hasumiya ta wayar salula tare da sake fasalin su ta yadda za a iya jigilar su a cikin balon iska mai zafi a tsayin kilomita 20. Wannan yana da girma fiye da jiragen sama, namun daji da abubuwan yanayi. Wato yana nufin ya fi aminci. Loon balloons na iya jure yanayin yanayi mai tsauri a cikin magudanar ruwa, inda saurin iska zai iya kaiwa kilomita 100 / h kuma yanayin zafi zai iya raguwa zuwa -90 ° C.
Kowane ball yana da capsule na musamman - module wanda ke sarrafa tsarin Loon. Duk kayan aikin da ke kan ƙwallon suna gudana akan hanyoyin makamashi masu sabuntawa. Ranakun hasken rana suna ba da ƙarfin tsarin a rana kuma suna cajin ginanniyar baturin don aiki na dare. Loon balloon eriya suna ba da haɗin kai zuwa tashoshin ƙasa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai yawa, kyale masu na'urar hannu su kasance kan layi ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki ba. A yayin da hatsarin ya faru da lalata silinda, ana saukar da wani na'ura mai nauyin kilogiram 15 ta amfani da parachute na gaggawa.
Ana iya canza yanayin hawan balloon ta hanyar amfani da balloon taimako mai cike da helium daga babban balloon don samun tsayi. Kuma don saukowa daga silinda mai taimako, ana tura helium zuwa cikin babba. Motar tana da tasiri sosai wanda a shekarar 2015 Loon ya iya tashi kilomita 10, inda ya isa wurin da ake so tare da daidaiton mita 000.
Kowane balan-balan, girman filin wasan tennis, an yi shi ne da robobi mai ɗorewa kuma an ƙera shi don ɗaukar kwanaki 150 na jirgin. Wannan dorewa shine sakamakon gwaji mai yawa na kayan balloon (harsashin ƙwallon ƙafa). Wannan abu ya kamata ya hana helium daga yabo da lalata silinda a ƙananan yanayin zafi. A cikin stratosphere, inda aka harba balloons, filastik na yau da kullun ya zama mara ƙarfi kuma yana raguwa cikin sauƙi. Ko da ƙaramin rami na 2 mm zai iya rage rayuwar ƙwallon ta makonni da yawa. Da kuma neman rami 2mm akan ball mai fadin murabba'in 600. - har yanzu abin farin ciki ne.
Yayin da ake gwada kayan, an gano daya daga cikin shugabannin aikin cewa masu sana'ar kwaroron roba suna fuskantar irin wannan matsala. A cikin wannan masana'antar, buɗewar da ba a shirya ba kuma ba a so. Ta yin amfani da ƙwarewar su, ƙungiyar Loon ta yi gwaje-gwaje na musamman da yawa waɗanda suka ba su damar ƙirƙirar sababbin kayan aiki da canza tsarin balloons, wanda ya haifar da karuwa a rayuwar balloon. A wannan lokacin rani mun sami damar isa ga “mileage” na kwanaki 223!
Ƙungiyar Loon ta jaddada cewa sun ƙirƙiri ba kawai wani balloon ba, amma na'urar "mai hankali". An ƙaddamar da shi daga kullin ƙaddamarwa na musamman, Loon balloons na iya tashi zuwa kowace ƙasa a duniya. Algorithms na na'ura suna tsinkayar tsarin iska kuma yanke shawarar ko za a motsa ƙwallon sama ko ƙasa cikin layin da ke hura iska a inda ake so. Tsarin kewayawa yana aiki da kansa, kuma masu sarrafa ɗan adam suna sarrafa motsin ƙwallon kuma suna iya shiga tsakani idan ya cancanta.
Loon yana ba masu amfani da wayar hannu damar faɗaɗa ɗaukar hoto inda ake buƙata. Ƙungiyar balloons na Loon suna ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa da ke ba da haɗin kai ga mutane a wani yanki na musamman kamar yadda ƙungiyar hasumiya ta ƙasa ta samar da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa. Bambanci kawai shine cewa "hasumiyai" na iska suna ci gaba da motsawa. Cibiyar sadarwar da balloons suka ƙirƙira tana da ikon yin aiki da kanta, yadda ya kamata don tafiyar da hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin balloons da tashoshi na ƙasa, la'akari da motsin balloon, cikas da yanayin yanayi.
A ina aka yi amfani da ƙwallon Loon a baya?
"Komai yana da kyau a ka'idar, amma fa a aikace?" ka tambaya. Akwai kuma yi. A cikin 2017, ta yi aiki tare da Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya, FEMA, AT&T, T-Mobile da sauran su don samar da hanyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun ga mutane 200 a Puerto Rico sakamakon barnar da guguwar Maria ta yi. An kaddamar da balloon a Nevada kuma cikin sauri ya isa Puerto Rico. Godiya ga wannan, mun sami damar gwada wasu mafita, gano kurakurai, kuma a lokaci guda nuna yiwuwar ra'ayin.
Ba da daɗewa ba, wani bala'i a Peru ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga abubuwan more rayuwa. Da ambaliyar ruwa ta afku a arewacin kasar Peru, tawagar Loon ta aike da balon su zuwa yankin da abin ya shafa. A cikin watanni uku, masu amfani sun aika kuma sun karɓi 160 GB na bayanai, daidai da kusan SMS miliyan 30 ko imel miliyan biyu. Yankin ɗaukar hoto ya kai murabba'in kilomita dubu 40.
A karshen watan Mayun 2019, wata mummunar girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 8,0 ta sake afkuwa a kasar Peru. A wasu yankuna, an rufe Intanet gaba daya, yayin da dubban mutane ke bukatar sanin halin da 'yan uwansu ke ciki. Domin samar da hanyar sadarwa, gwamnatin kasar da kamfanin sadarwa na gida Tefónica sun juya zuwa Loon don rarraba Intanet ta hanyar amfani da balloon. An gyara Intanet a cikin sa'o'i 48.
Girgizar kasa ta farko ta faru ne a safiyar Lahadi, kuma bayan samun bukatar taimako, nan da nan Loon ya tura ballolinsa daga Puerto Rico zuwa Peru. Don motsa su, kamar yadda aka saba, an yi amfani da ikon iska. Balloons sun kama igiyoyin iska a cikin hanyar da suke buƙatar motsawa. Sai da na'urorin suka kwashe kwanaki biyu suna tafiyar fiye da kilomita 3000.
Loon balloons sun bazu ko'ina cikin arewacin Peru, kowanne yana ba da intanet na 4G zuwa yanki mai girman murabba'in kilomita 5000. Balloon guda ɗaya ne kawai aka haɗa da tashar ƙasa, wanda ke sadarwa da watsa sigina zuwa wasu na'urori. A baya dai, kamfanin ya nuna ikon isar da sakonni tsakanin balloon bakwai, amma a wannan karon adadinsu ya kai goma.
Wurin Loon Balloons a cikin Peru
Kamfanin ya sami damar samarwa mazauna Peru tsarin sadarwa na yau da kullun: SMS, imel da damar Intanet a ƙaramin sauri. A cikin kwanaki biyun farko, kimanin mutane 20 ne suka yi amfani da yanar gizo daga Loon balloons.
Sakamakon haka, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Loon ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta kasuwanci don ba da sabis ga sassan dajin Amazon da ke Peru, tare da yarda da hakan. (IpT), ma'aikacin wayar hannu a yankunan karkara. A wannan karon, za a yi amfani da balloon Loon azaman mafita na dindindin don haɗin Intanet maimakon gyara na ɗan lokaci bayan bala'in yanayi. TARE DA
Yarjejeniyar tsakanin IpT da Loon har yanzu tana buƙatar amincewa da Ma'aikatar Sufuri da Sadarwa ta Peruvian. Idan komai yayi kyau, Loon da IpT suna fatan samar da sabis na intanet ta wayar hannu farawa daga 2020. Shirin zai mayar da hankali ne kan yankin Loreto na kasar Peru, wanda ya kunshi kusan kashi daya bisa uku na kasar kuma gida ne ga yawancin 'yan asalin kasar. Loon zai fara rufe kashi 15 na Loreto, wanda zai iya kaiwa kusan mazauna 200. Amma kamfanin ya riga ya bayyana aniyarsa ta hada mutane miliyan 000 a yankunan karkarar Peru nan da shekarar 6.
Nasarar amfani da balloon iska mai zafi a cikin Peru na tsawon lokaci na iya buɗe kofofin zuwa wasu ƙasashe. A halin da ake ciki, kamfanin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar farko a Kenya tare da Telkom Kenya kuma yanzu yana jiran amincewar doka ta ƙarshe don fara gwajin kasuwanci na farko a ƙasar.
Ƙananan nuanceYa kamata a lura cewa ba duk abin da ke da launi da fasaha ba. Ga jerin abubuwan da suka faru da suka shafi ƙwallon Loon:
- A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2014, wani balloon Loon ya yi karo da layukan wutar lantarki a birnin Washington na Amurka.
- A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2014, jami'an New Zealand sun kira sabis na gaggawa bayan sun ga hadarin balloon.
- A watan Nuwamban 2014, wani manomi dan Afirka ta Kudu ya gano wata iska mai zafi da ta fado a cikin Desert Karoo tsakanin Strydenburgh da Britstown.
- A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2015, wata iska mai zafi ta fado a wani fili kusa da Bragg, Missouri.
- A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2015, balloon iska mai zafi ya fado a gaban lawn wani gida a Rancho Hills, California.
- A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2016, wata iska mai zafi ta yi hatsari a lokacin gwaji a yankin shayi na Gampola, Sri Lanka.
- A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2016, wani iska mai zafi ya sauka ba tare da an shirya shi ba a wata gona a Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu.
- A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2016, wata iska mai zafi ta fado a wani fili a sashen Xiembuco, Paraguay.
- A ranar 22 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2016, balon ya sauka a wani wurin kiwon dabbobi a Formosa na kasar Argentina, mai tazarar kilomita 40. yammacin babban birnin kasar.
- A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2016, balloon ya sauka arewa maso yamma na Madison, South Dakota.
- A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2017, wani jirgin iska mai zafi ya fado a Seyik, kusa da Changuinola, lardin Bocas del Toro, na Panama.
- A ranakun 8 ga Janairu, 2017 da 10 ga Janairu, 2017, balloon Loon guda biyu sun sauka a nisan kilomita 10 gabas da Cerro Chato da kilomita 40 daga arewa maso yammacin Mariscala, Uruguay.
- A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2017, balloon Loon ya fado a Buriti dos Montes, Brazil.
- A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2017, wani balloon Loon ya fado a San Luis, Tolima, Colombia.
- A ranar 19 ga Maris, 2017, wata iska mai zafi ta fado a birnin Tacuarembo na kasar Uruguay.
- A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2017, wata iska mai zafi ta fado a wani kurmin ciyayi a Olmos, Lambayeque, Peru.
- A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2017, wata iska mai zafi ta yi hatsari a Ntambiro, Igembe Central, County Meru, Kenya.
Don haka tabbas akwai haɗari. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai ƙarin fa'idodi daga balloon Loon.
UPD: kuna iya ganin wurin da balloons suke (bincika a Kudancin Amurka). na gode domin bayani
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source: www.habr.com