Turkmenistan na daya daga cikin kasashen da aka rufe a duniya. Ba kamar yadda aka rufe kamar, a ce, Koriya ta Arewa ba, amma kusa. Bambanci mai mahimmanci shine Intanet na jama'a, wanda ɗan ƙasar zai iya haɗa shi ba tare da wata matsala ba. Wannan labarin yayi magana game da halin da ake ciki tare da masana'antar Intanet a cikin ƙasa, samun hanyar sadarwa, farashin haɗin kai da ƙuntatawa da jami'ai suka yi.
Yaushe Intanet ta bayyana a Turkmenistan?
A karkashin Saparmurat Niyazov, Intanet ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai da dama ga tsarin sadarwa na duniya da ke aiki a ƙasar a wancan lokacin, amma manyan jami'ai da jami'an tsaro ne kawai ke samun damar shiga, kuma ba kasafai masu amfani da farar hula ba. Akwai ƙananan masu samar da Intanet da yawa. A farkon shekarun 2000, an rufe wasu kamfanoni, wasu kuma an hade su. A sakamakon haka, wani yanki na yanki ya fito - mai ba da sabis na Turkmentelecom. Hakanan akwai ƙananan kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki, amma dukkansu, a zahiri, rassan Turkmentelecom ne kuma suna ƙarƙashinsa gaba ɗaya.
Bayan da shugaban kasar Berdimuhamedov ya hau kan karagar mulki, gidajen shaye-shaye na Intanet sun bayyana a Turkmenistan kuma an fara bunkasa hanyoyin sadarwa. Kafet ɗin Intanet na zamani na farko sun bayyana a cikin 2007. Har ila yau, Turkmenistan yana da hanyar sadarwar salula na ƙarni na uku da na huɗu. Duk wani mazaunin ƙasar na iya haɗawa da shi, don haka zuwa Intanet. Kuna buƙatar siyan katin SIM kawai kuma saka shi cikin na'urar.
Nawa farashin intanet kuma me kuke buƙatar haɗawa?
Komai, kamar sauran ƙasashe, mai samarwa yana buƙatar samar da aikace-aikace. A cikin kwanaki biyu, an haɗa sabon mai biyan kuɗi. Manufar farashi ya ɗan fi muni. Bisa kididdigar da kwararru daga Bankin Duniya suka yi, Intanet a Turkmenistan ita ce mafi tsada a tsakanin kasashen tsohuwar USSR. Gigabyte ɗaya a nan yana kashe sau 3,5 fiye da na Tarayyar Rasha. Farashin haɗin yana tsakanin 2500 zuwa 6200 a cikin ruble daidai kowace wata. Idan aka kwatanta, a wata hukumar gwamnati a babban birnin kasar albashin ya kai kusan 18 rubles (manat 113), yayin da wakilan sauran sana'o'i, musamman a yankuna, suna da karancin albashi.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wani zaɓi don haɗawa da Intanet shine sadarwar wayar hannu, cibiyoyin sadarwar 4G. Bayan da kayan aikin 4G ya fara bayyana, gudun ya kai 70 Mbit/s har ma a wajen birnin. Yanzu, lokacin da adadin masu biyan kuɗi ya karu sosai, saurin ya ragu sau 10 - zuwa 7 Mbit / s a cikin birni. Kuma wannan shine 4G; amma game da 3G, babu ma 500 Kbps.
A cewar hukumar Amurka Akamai Technologies, samun damar Intanet ga al'ummar kasar shine kashi 20%. Ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da kayayyaki a babban birnin Turkmenistan yana da masu amfani da 15 kawai, duk da cewa yawan mutanen birnin ya wuce mutane miliyan 000.
Matsakaicin saurin haɗin Intanet ga masu amfani a duk faɗin ƙasar yana ƙasa da 0,5 Mbit/s.
Shi kansa birnin, ma’aikatar sadarwa kusan shekara daya da rabi da ta wuce cewa a cikin Ashgabat saurin canja wurin bayanai tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai akan matsakaita ya kai 20 Gbit/sec.
An haɓaka kayan aikin wayar hannu da kyau - har ma ƙananan ƙauyuka suna rufe ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Idan ka wuce waɗannan ƙauyuka, za a sami sadarwa kuma - labaran ba su da kyau. Amma wannan ya shafi haɗin wayar kanta, amma saurin da ingancin Intanet ɗin wayar hannu ba su da kyau sosai.
Akwai duk ayyuka ko akwai wadanda aka katange?
A Turkmenistan, sanannun shafuka da ayyuka an toshe su, ciki har da YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, VKontakte, LiveJournal, Lenta.ru. Messengers WhatsApp, Wechat, Viber kuma babu su. Ana kuma toshe wasu shafuka, a mafi yawan lokuta wadanda ke buga suka ga hukumomi. Gaskiya ne, saboda wasu dalilai an toshe gidan yanar gizon MTS Turkmenistan, mujallar mata Women.ru, wasu wuraren dafa abinci, da sauransu.
A cikin Oktoba 2019, an rufe damar shiga gajimaren Google, don haka masu amfani sun rasa damar yin amfani da irin waɗannan ayyukan kamfanoni kamar Google Drive, Google Docs da sauransu. Mafi mahimmanci, matsalar ita ce an buga madubi na gidan yanar gizon adawa akan wannan sabis ɗin a lokacin rani.
Hukumomin sun fi yin gwagwarmaya da toshe kayan aikin wucewa, gami da masu ɓoye sirri da VPNs. A baya can, shagunan da ke siyar da wayoyin hannu da cibiyoyin sabis suna ba masu amfani don shigar da aikace-aikacen VPN. Hukumomin sun dauki matakin kuma sun fara cin tarar ’yan kasuwa akai-akai. Sakamakon haka, cibiyoyin sabis sun cire wannan sabis ɗin. Bugu da kari, gwamnati na bin diddigin gidajen yanar gizon da masu amfani ke ziyarta. Ziyarar haramtacciyar hanya na iya haifar da sammaci ga hukuma da rubuta bayanin bayani. A wasu lokuta, jami'an tilasta doka na iya zuwa da kansu.
Don yin gaskiya, ya kamata a lura cewa an cire dokar hana kwararar ruwa shekaru da yawa da suka wuce.
Ta yaya hukumomi ke toshe albarkatun da ba a so da kuma sa ido kan yunƙurin ƙetare toshewa?
Wannan shine lokacin mafi ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda muka sani, kayan aiki da software don bin diddigin kamfanonin Yamma ne ke ba da su. Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta kasar ce ke da alhakin sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa na kasa da sarrafa tushen fasahar.
Ma'aikatar tana aiki tare da kamfanin Jamus Rohde & Schwarz. Kamfanoni daga Burtaniya kuma suna sayar da kayan aiki da software ga kasar. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, majalisarsu ta ba da izinin kai kayayyaki zuwa Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabiya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, Brunei, Turkiyya, da Bahrain.
Turkmenistan yana buƙatar kwararru don kula da tacewa ta Intanet. Babu isassun kwararru na cikin gida, kuma gwamnati na neman taimakon kasashen waje.
By Turkmenistan na siyan kayan aikin sa ido iri biyu - R&S INTRA da R&S Unified Firewalls, da kuma R&S PACE 2 software.
Ba ma’aikatar da kanta ce ke gudanar da wannan sa ido ba, sai dai kamfanonin sadarwa masu zaman kansu guda biyu ne ke da alaka da ita. Wanda ya mallaki daya daga cikin kamfanonin dan asalin hukumomin tsaro na kasar Turkmenistan ne. Waɗannan kamfanoni guda ɗaya suna karɓar kwangilar gwamnati don haɓaka gidan yanar gizon, software, da kula da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa.
Software ɗin da aka kawo daga Turai yana nazarin magana kuma yana amfani da matattara don gane kalmomi, jimloli da duka jimloli. Ana duba sakamakon binciken akan "jerin baƙar fata". Idan aka samu kwatsam, hukumomin tilasta bin doka sun shiga ciki. Suna kuma saka idanu SMS tare da saƙon nan take.
Misali na dubawa ta amfani da BlockCheck v0.0.9.8:
Yaƙin VPN
Hukumomin Turkmenistan na yaki da VPNs tare da samun nasarori daban-daban saboda shaharar fasahar a tsakanin masu amfani da Intanet da ba sa jure wa toshe manyan shafuka na kasashen waje. Gwamnati na amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya daga wani kamfani na Jamus don tace zirga-zirga.
Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙoƙarin toshe aikace-aikacen VPN ta wayar hannu. A namu bangaren, mun lura cewa aikace-aikacen VPN na wayar hannu ba shi da samuwa ga wasu masu amfani. Abinda kawai ke taimakawa shine ginanniyar aikin aiki tare da API ta hanyar wakili.
Muna da masu amfani da yawa da ke tuntuɓar Turkmenistan, kuma suna ba da rahoton wasu matsaloli na sadarwa lokaci-lokaci. Ɗaya daga cikinsu kawai ya ba ni ra'ayin ƙirƙirar wannan labarin. Don haka, ko da bayan shiga cikin aikace-aikacen cikin nasara, ba duk sabobin ke haɗa ba. Yana kama da wasu nau'ikan matattarar tantance zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na VPN suna aiki. A cewar masu amfani iri ɗaya, yana da kyau a haɗa zuwa sabbin sabar da aka ƙara kwanan nan.
A watan Janairun da ya gabata gwamnatin ta kara gaba kuma isa ga Google Play Store.
... Mazauna Turkmenistan sun rasa damar shiga shagon Google Play, inda masu amfani da su ke zazzage aikace-aikacen da ke ba su damar tsallake shingen.
Duk waɗannan ayyukan sun ƙara shahara ne kawai na fasahar toshewa. A tsawon lokaci guda, adadin binciken da ke da alaƙa da VPN .
A nan gaba, hukumomin Turkmen sun yi alƙawarin inganta hanyoyin sadarwa, da haɓaka saurin haɗin gwiwa tare da faɗaɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na 3G da 4G. Sai dai ba a bayyana takamaiman lokacin da hakan zai faru da kuma abin da zai biyo baya tare da toshewar ba.
source: www.habr.com