Gyara matsalolin taya tsarin aiki akan sabar ba tare da KVM ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Mun ƙirƙira KVM-over-IP don kanmu ta hanyar hoto mai dawowa da injin kama-da-wane.
Idan akwai matsaloli tare da tsarin aiki , mai gudanarwa yana zazzage hoton dawowa kuma yana aiwatar da aikin da ya dace. Wannan hanya tana aiki sosai lokacin da aka san dalilin gazawar, kuma hoton dawowa da tsarin aiki da aka sanya akan sabar daga dangi ɗaya ne. Idan har yanzu ba a san abin da ya haifar da gazawar ba, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan ci gaban loda tsarin aiki.
KVM mai nisa
Kuna iya samun dama ga na'urar wasan bidiyo ta uwar garke ta amfani da kayan aikin da aka gina kamar IPMI ko Intel® vPro™, ko ta na'urorin waje da ake kira IP-KVM. Akwai yanayin da duk fasahohin da aka lissafa ba su samuwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine ƙarshen ba. Idan za'a iya sake kunna sabar daga nesa zuwa hoton maidowa bisa tsarin aiki na Linux, to ana iya shirya KVM-over-IP cikin sauri.
Hoton maidowa cikakken tsarin aiki ne wanda ke cikin RAM. Don haka, za mu iya sarrafa kowace software, gami da na'urori masu kama-da-wane (VMs). Wato, zaku iya ƙaddamar da VM wanda tsarin aikin uwar garken zai gudana a cikinsa. Ana iya shirya damar zuwa na'urar wasan bidiyo ta VM, misali, ta hanyar VNC.
Don gudanar da tsarin aiki na uwar garken a cikin VM, dole ne ka saka diski na uwar garken azaman diski na VM. A cikin tsarin aiki na dangin Linux, diski na zahiri ana wakilta ta hanyar toshe na'urori na nau'in / dev / sdX, wanda za a iya aiki tare da kamar fayiloli na yau da kullum.
Wasu hypervisors, irin su QEMU da VirtualBox, suna ba ku damar adana bayanan VM a cikin nau'i na "raw", wato, bayanan ajiya kawai ba tare da metadata hypervisor ba. Don haka, ana iya ƙaddamar da VM ta amfani da faifai na zahiri na uwar garken.
Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar albarkatu don ƙaddamar da hoton dawo da VM a ciki. Koyaya, idan kuna da gigabytes huɗu ko fiye na RAM, wannan ba zai zama matsala ba.
Shirya Muhalli
Kuna iya amfani da shiri mai sauƙi da sauƙi azaman injin kama-da-wane , wanda galibi ba sa cikin hoton dawo da shi kuma dole ne a shigar dashi daban. Hoton dawowa da muke bayarwa ga abokan ciniki yana dogara ne akan , wanda ke amfani da mai sarrafa kunshin pacman.
Abu na farko da kake buƙatar yi shine tabbatar da cewa hoton da aka dawo da shi yana amfani da sabuwar software. Kuna iya bincika da sabunta duk abubuwan haɗin OS tare da umarni mai zuwa:
pacman -Suy
Bayan sabuntawa, kuna buƙatar shigar da QEMU. Umurnin shigarwa ta hanyar pacman zai yi kama da haka:
pacman -S qemu
Bari mu duba cewa an shigar da qemu daidai:
root@sel-rescue ~ # qemu-system-x86_64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
Idan duk abin ya kasance, to, hoton dawowa yana shirye don tafiya.
Fara injin kama-da-wane
Da farko, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan adadin albarkatun da aka ware wa VM kuma gano hanyoyin zuwa fayafai na zahiri. A cikin yanayinmu, za mu keɓe nau'i biyu da gigabytes na RAM zuwa na'ura mai mahimmanci, kuma faifai suna kan hanya. / dev / sda и / dev / sdb. Bari mu fara VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
Ƙarin ƙarin bayani game da abin da kowane sigogi ke nufi:
- - m 2048M - ware 2 GB na RAM zuwa VM;
- -net nic-net mai amfani - ƙara sauƙi mai sauƙi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar ta hanyar hypervisor ta amfani da NAT (Fassarar Adireshin Yanar Gizo);
- -kunna-kvm - ba da damar cikakken KVM (Kernel Virtual Machine) haɓakawa;
- -Cpu mai watsa shiri - muna gaya wa mai sarrafa kayan aiki don samun duk ayyukan mai sarrafa sabar;
- - M PC - nau'in kayan aikin PC;
- -smp 2 - mai sarrafa kayan aiki dole ne ya zama dual-core;
- -vga std - zaɓi daidaitaccen katin bidiyo wanda baya goyan bayan manyan ƙudurin allo;
- -drive fayil =/dev/sda,tsara=raw,index=0,media=faifai
- fayil =/dev/sdX - hanyar zuwa na'urar toshe mai wakiltar faifan uwar garke;
- format=danye - mun lura cewa a cikin ƙayyadadden fayil ɗin duk bayanan suna cikin sigar “raw”, wato, kamar akan faifai;
- index = 0 - lambar faifai, dole ne ya karu da ɗaya don kowane faifai na gaba;
- media=disk - injin mai kama-da-wane dole ne ya gane wannan ajiyar a matsayin faifai;
- -vnc:0, kalmar sirri - fara uwar garken VNC ta tsohuwa a 0.0.0.0:5900, yi amfani da kalmar wucewa azaman izini;
- - kula da gidan rediyo - sadarwa tsakanin mai gudanarwa da qemu za ta faru ta hanyar daidaitattun rafukan shigarwa/fitarwa.
Idan komai yana cikin tsari, mai saka idanu na QEMU zai fara:
QEMU 4.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu)
Mun nuna cewa izini yana faruwa ta amfani da kalmar sirri, amma ba mu nuna kalmar sirrin kanta ba. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar aika canjin vnc kalmar sirri ga mai saka idanu na QEMU. Muhimmiyar bayanin kula: Kalmar wucewa ba zata iya zama fiye da haruffa takwas ba.
(qemu) change vnc password
Password: ******
Bayan haka, za mu iya haɗawa da kowane abokin ciniki na VNC, misali, Remmina, ta amfani da adireshin IP na sabar mu tare da kalmar wucewa da muka ƙayyade.
Yanzu ba kawai muna ganin kurakurai masu yuwuwa a matakin ɗaukar nauyi ba, amma kuma zamu iya magance su.
Lokacin da ka gama, dole ne ka rufe na'urar kama-da-wane. Ana iya yin wannan ko dai a cikin OS ta hanyar aika sigina don rufewa, ko ta hanyar ba da umarni system_powerdown a cikin QEMU Monitor. Wannan zai yi daidai da latsa maɓallin kashewa sau ɗaya: tsarin aiki a cikin injin kama-da-wane zai rufe lafiya.
Shigar da tsarin aiki
Na'urar kama-da-wane tana da cikakkiyar damar shiga faifan uwar garken don haka ana iya amfani da ita don shigar da tsarin aiki da hannu. Iyakance kawai shine adadin RAM: hoton ISO koyaushe ba zai iya sanya shi cikin RAM ba. Bari mu ware gigabytes hudu na RAM don adana hoton a ciki / mnt:
mount -t tmpfs -o size=4G tmpfs /mnt
Za mu kuma zazzage hoton shigarwa na FreeBSD 12.0 tsarin aiki:
wget -P /mnt ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
Yanzu zaku iya fara VM:
qemu-system-x86_64
-m 2048M
-net nic -net user
-enable-kvm
-cpu host,nx
-M pc
-smp 2
-vga std
-drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,index=0,media=disk
-drive file=/dev/sdb,format=raw,index=1,media=disk
-vnc :0,password
-monitor stdio
-cdrom /mnt/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso
-boot d
Flag - bugu d shigar da booting daga CD drive. Muna haɗi tare da abokin ciniki na VNC kuma muna ganin FreeBSD bootloader.
Tunda samun adireshi ta DHCP aka yi amfani da shi don samun damar Intanet, bayan daidaitawa yana iya zama dole a shiga cikin sabon tsarin da aka shigar kuma a gyara saitunan cibiyar sadarwa. A wasu lokuta, yana iya zama dole don shigar da direbobin adaftar cibiyar sadarwa, tunda katin sadarwar da aka shigar a cikin uwar garken da wanda aka yi koyi a cikin VM ya bambanta.
ƙarshe
Wannan hanyar tsara hanyar samun nisa zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana cinye wasu albarkatun uwar garken, duk da haka, baya sanya wasu buƙatu na musamman akan kayan aikin uwar garken, sabili da haka ana iya aiwatar da su a kusan kowane yanayi. Yin amfani da wannan maganin yana sa ya fi sauƙi don gano kurakuran software da mayar da aikin uwar garken nesa.
source: www.habr.com