Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta duniya daga jami'o'in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania da Munich, Jamus bincike a kan tasirin proxies na gargajiya a matsayin kayan aikin hana cin zarafi. Sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar wata sabuwar hanya don ƙetare tarewa, bisa ka'idar wasan. Mun shirya fassarar daidaitacce na mahimman abubuwan wannan aikin.
Gabatarwar
Hanyar sanannen kayan aikin toshe-bypass kamar Tor ya dogara ne akan keɓantacce da zaɓin rarraba adiresoshin IP na wakili tsakanin abokan ciniki daga yankuna da ke ƙarƙashin toshewa. Sakamakon haka, dole ne ƙungiyoyi ko hukumomi ba su gano abokan ciniki ba. Game da Tor, waɗannan masu rarraba wakili ana kiran su gadoji.
Matsala mai mahimmanci tare da irin waɗannan ayyukan ita ce harin masu ciki. Masu toshewa na iya amfani da wakilai da kansu don gano adireshi da toshe su. Don rage yuwuwar lissafin lissafin wakili, toshe kayan aikin kewayawa suna amfani da hanyoyin aikin adireshi daban-daban.
A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da abin da ake kira ad hoc heuristics, wanda za'a iya wucewa. Don magance wannan matsala, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar gabatar da gwagwarmaya tsakanin ayyukan da ke tattare da toshewa da sabis don ketare su a matsayin wasa. Yin amfani da ka'idar wasa, sun ƙirƙiri ingantattun dabarun ɗabi'a ga kowane ɓangaren - musamman, wannan ya ba da damar haɓaka hanyar rarraba wakili.
Yadda tsarin kulle kulle na gargajiya ke aiki
Toshe kayan aikin kewayawa kamar Tor, Lantern, da Psiphon suna amfani da jerin wakilai daga yankin tare da ƙuntatawa a wurin waɗanda ake amfani da su don karkatar da zirga-zirgar mai amfani daga waɗannan yankuna da isar da shi zuwa ga abubuwan da aka toshe.
Idan masu tace bayanai sun san adireshin IP na irin wannan wakili - alal misali, bayan sun yi amfani da shi da kansu - ana iya sanya shi cikin sauƙi kuma a toshe shi. Saboda haka, a zahiri, adiresoshin IP na irin waɗannan proxies ba su taɓa bayyana ba, kuma ana sanya masu amfani ɗaya ko wata wakili ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Misali, Tor yana da tsarin gada.
Wato, babban aikin shine samar da masu amfani da damar yin amfani da albarkatun da aka toshe da kuma rage yiwuwar bayyana adireshin wakili.
Magance wannan matsala a aikace ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba - yana da matukar wahala a iya bambanta daidaitattun masu amfani da masu amfani da tambari daga masu amfani da su. Ana amfani da hanyoyin heuristic don ɓoye bayanai. Misali, Tor yana iyakance adadin gada adiresoshin IP samuwa ga abokan ciniki zuwa uku kowace bukata.
Wannan bai hana hukumomin kasar China gano dukkan gadar Tor a cikin kankanin lokaci ba. Gabatar da ƙarin ƙuntatawa zai yi tasiri sosai ga amfani da tsarin toshewa, wato, wasu masu amfani ba za su iya samun dama ga wakili ba.
Yadda ka'idar wasan ke magance wannan matsalar
Hanyar da aka bayyana a cikin aikin ta dogara ne akan abin da ake kira "wasan shigar da kwaleji". Bugu da kari, ana kyautata zaton cewa masu sa ido kan Intanet za su iya sadarwa da juna a hakikanin lokaci kuma su yi amfani da dabaru masu sarkakiya - misali, ba tare da toshe wakilai nan take ba ko kuma yin hakan nan take ya danganta da yanayi daban-daban.
Ta yaya shigar koleji ke aiki?
Bari mu ce muna da n dalibai da m kwalejoji. Kowane dalibi yana yin jerin abubuwan da ya fi so a tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi bisa wasu sharudda (wato, kwalejojin da aka gabatar da takardu kawai ake ba su). A gefe guda kuma, kwalejoji kuma suna ba wa ɗaliban da suka gabatar da takardu bisa ga abubuwan da suke so.
Da farko dai, kwalejin ta yanke wadanda ba su cika ka'idojin zabe ba - ba za a karbe su ba ko da an samu karanci. Sa'an nan kuma an zaɓi masu nema ta amfani da algorithm wanda ke la'akari da ma'auni masu mahimmanci.
Mai yiyuwa ne a iya samun "shigarwa mara ƙarfi" - misali, idan akwai ɗalibai biyu 1 da 2 waɗanda aka karɓa zuwa kwalejoji a da b, amma ɗalibi na biyu yana son yin karatu a jami'a a. A cikin yanayin gwajin da aka kwatanta, kawai daidaitawar haɗi tsakanin abubuwa an yi la'akari da su.
Algorithm na Karɓar Jinkiri
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, akwai adadin ɗaliban da kwalejin ba za ta karɓa ba a kowane hali. Don haka, algorithm ɗin karɓa da aka jinkirta yana yin zato cewa waɗannan ɗaliban ba a yarda su nemi wannan cibiyar ba. A wannan yanayin, duk ɗalibai suna ƙoƙarin shiga kwalejojin da suka fi so.
Cibiyar da ke da ƙarfin q ɗalibai tana lissafin q mafi girman matsayi bisa la'akari da ma'auni, ko duka idan adadin masu nema ya kasa da adadin wuraren da ake da su. Sauran an ƙi, kuma waɗannan ɗaliban sun nemi jami'a ta gaba a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka fi so. Wannan kwalejin kuma tana zabar q mafi girman ɗalibai daga waɗanda suka nema kai tsaye da waɗanda ba a karɓi su zuwa kwalejin farko ba. Hakanan, kuma, wasu adadin mutane ba sa wucewa.
Tsarin yana ƙare idan kowane ɗalibi yana cikin jerin jiran wasu koleji ko kuma an ƙi shi daga duk cibiyoyin ilimi inda zai iya shiga. Sakamakon haka, kwalejoji a ƙarshe suna karɓar kowa daga jerin jiran su.
Menene alakar wakili da shi?
Ta hanyar kwatankwacin ɗalibai da kwalejoji, masana kimiyya sun ba da takamaiman wakili ga kowane abokin ciniki. Sakamakon wasan da ake kira proxy assignment game. Abokan ciniki, gami da yuwuwar wakilai ta censor, suna aiki azaman ɗalibai waɗanda suke son sanin adireshin wakilai, waɗanda ke taka rawar kwalejoji - suna da sanannen iyakataccen bandwidth a gaba.
A cikin samfurin da aka kwatanta akwai n masu amfani (abokan ciniki) A =
{a1, a2, …, an}, wanda ke buƙatar samun dama ga wakili don kewaye toshewa. Don haka, ai shine mai gano abokin ciniki na “jimla”. Daga cikin waɗannan n masu amfani, m sune wakilai na tacewa, waɗanda aka nuna su J = {j1, j2, ..., jm}, sauran masu amfani ne na yau da kullun. Duk wakilan m suna ƙarƙashin ikon tsakiya kuma suna karɓar umarni daga gare ta.
Hakanan ana ɗauka cewa akwai saitin proxies P = {p1, p2, ..., pl}. Bayan kowace buƙatu, abokin ciniki yana karɓar bayani (adireshin IP) game da k proxies daga abu mai rarrabawa. An raba lokaci zuwa tazara-mataki, wanda aka sanya shi azaman t (wasan yana farawa a t=0).
Kowane abokin ciniki yana amfani da aikin maki don kimanta wakili. Masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da aikin 
don yiwa makin da mai amfani ai sanya wa proxy px a mataki t. Hakanan, kowane wakili yana amfani da aiki don kimanta abokan ciniki. Wato shine makin da proxy px aka ba abokin ciniki ai a mataki t.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa duk wasan yana da kama-da-wane, wato, "mai rarraba" da kansa yana wasa da shi a madadin wakili da abokan ciniki. Don yin wannan, ba ya buƙatar sanin nau'in abokin ciniki ko abubuwan da suke so game da proxies. A kowane mataki akwai wasa, kuma ana amfani da jinkirin yarda da algorithm.
Результаты
Dangane da sakamakon kwaikwayo, hanyar yin amfani da ka'idar wasan ta nuna inganci mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da sanannun tsarin kewayawa na kulle.
Kwatanta da sabis na rBridge VPN
A lokaci guda, masana kimiyya sun gano mahimman mahimman bayanai waɗanda zasu iya shafar ingancin aikin irin waɗannan tsarin:
- Ba tare da la'akari da dabarun masu tacewa ba, dole ne a sabunta tsarin don shawo kan toshewa tare da sababbin wakilai, in ba haka ba tasirinsa zai ragu.
- Idan censors suna da mahimman albarkatu, za su iya haɓaka aikin toshewa ta hanyar ƙara wakilai da aka rarraba a ƙasa don nemo wakilai.
- Gudun da aka ƙara sababbin proxies yana da mahimmanci ga tasiri na tsarin don shawo kan toshewa.
Hanyoyin haɗi masu amfani da kayan aiki daga :
source: www.habr.com