Taswirar tashi, maki tare da adadin methane sama da 3 ppm*m ana yiwa alama alama. Kuma wannan yana da yawa!
Ka yi tunanin cewa kana da wurin da ke shan taba kuma yana wari lokaci zuwa lokaci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa idan kwayoyin halitta sun rube, ana samun iskar gas iri-iri. Wannan ba wai kawai methane ba ne, har ma da iskar gas mai guba gaba ɗaya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa a wasu lokatai ana buƙatar bincika ƙaƙƙarfan sharar ƙasa.
Yawancin lokaci ana yin wannan da ƙafa tare da na'urar gano methane mai sawa, amma a aikace yana da wahala sosai, yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma gabaɗaya ba lallai ba ne musamman ga masu shara.
Amma wannan yana buƙatar gwamnatin birni, hukumomin birni, yanki, da dai sauransu, inda wurin zubar da ƙasa ko izini da aka ba da izini, masu kula da muhalli da talakawa masu son shakar iska mai tsabta.
Sabis na auna matakin methane mai sarrafa kansa ta amfani da jirage marasa matuka yana cikin babban buƙata a Turai.
Mu, tare da abokan aikinmu daga kamfanin , An gudanar da aikin haɗin gwiwa a cikin wannan shugabanci kuma ya sami sakamako mai ban sha'awa.
Menene kayyade shi?
Tsarin tsari don ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida shine umarnin don ƙira, aiki da sake dawo da wuraren sharar gida don ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida (Ma'aikatar Gina ta Tarayyar Rasha ta amince da shi a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1996), ƙa'idodin tsabta SP 2.1.7.1038-01 “Hygienic bukatu don tsarawa da kuma kula da sharar gida don ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida" (an yarda da ƙudurin Babban Likitan Sanitary na Tarayyar Rasha wanda aka rubuta ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2001 No. 16), ra'ayi na sarrafa sharar gida a cikin Tarayyar Rasha. MDS 13-8.2000 (an yarda da ƙudurin Kwamitin Kwamitin Gina na Jiha na Tarayyar Rasha na ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1999 No. 17) , SanPiN 2.1.6.1032-01. 2.1.6. Iskar yanayi da iska na cikin gida, kariyar iska mai tsafta. Bukatun tsafta don tabbatar da ingancin iska a wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa (wanda Babban Likitan Sanitary State na Tarayyar Rasha ya amince da shi a ranar 17.05.2001 ga Mayu, XNUMX).
Matsakaicin adadin da aka halatta ga wannan saitin takaddun sune kamar haka:
Abubuwa
MPC, mg/m3
Matsakaicin lokaci guda
Matsakaicin yau da kullun
Kura ba mai guba ba ce
0,5
0,15
Hydrogen sulfide
0,008
-
Carbon monoxide
5,0
3,0
Nitric oxide
0,4
0,06
Mercury karfe
-
0,0003
Methane
-
50,0
Amoniya
0,2
0,04
Benzene
1,5
0,1
Trichloromethane
-
0,03
4-carbon chloride
4,0
0,7
Chlorobenzene
0,1
0,1
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da biogas:
Abubuwa
%
Methane, CH4
50-75
Carbon dioxide, CO2
25-50
Nitrogen, N2
0-10
Hydrogen, H2
0-1
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
0-3
Oxygen, O2
0-2
Ana fitar da iskar gas har zuwa shekaru 12-15, kuma bayan shekara ta biyu yawancin methane ne kawai ko carbon dioxide kawai (ko cakuda duka biyun).
Yadda ake neman leaks yanzu
Don nemo wuraren sakin methane a wuraren sharar ƙasa, ana amfani da aikin masu aikin layi. Suna ɗaukar na'urar nazarin iskar gas ta hannu (a cikin harshen gama gari - "sniffer") da wani abu mai kama da laima, kuma mai layin ya zaɓi wuri a wurin gwajin. Ya kafa wata karamar kubba a can yana jira wani adadin iskar gas ya taru a karkashin kubbar. Yana auna matakin maida hankali ta amfani da na'urar nazarin gas kuma yana yin rikodin karatun na'urar. Bayan wannan, ya matsa zuwa wani batu don auna na gaba. Da sauransu.
Tsarin yana da sauƙi, amma ba shi da inganci sosai dangane da adadin ma'aunin da aka ɗauka kowace raka'a na lokaci. Bari mu ƙara a nan yanayin ɗan adam da yanayin aiki na jahannama na ɗan layin da aka tilasta wa yin tafiya na sa'o'i a kusa da wurin gwaji mai wari (wataƙila har yanzu yana amfani da kayan kariya na sirri).
Drone don taimaka mana
A ƙarshen 2018, a nunin INTERGEO 2018 (Frankfurt), mun sami masaniya da fasahar Pergam da ƙwarewarsu ta tashi da jirage marasa matuƙa a kan tsattsauran shara. Mutanen sun fara amfani da wani jirgin mara matuki mai dauke da na’urar gano methane mai nisa da aka sanya a kai don neman leda. An sanya wani logger a cikin jirgin mara matuki, wanda ke rubuta dukkan karatun na’urar gano bayanai. Bayan kammala jirgin, bayanai daga logger suna canjawa wuri zuwa kwamfuta a cikin nau'i na bayanan tabular don bincike. Idan akwai wani wuri da ya wuce kima na methane, za a sake aika da jirgin mara matuki zuwa wannan batu don daukar hoton wurin da ya zubar.
A lokacin, mutanen Pergamon sun riga sun yi jirage da yawa a kan wuraren sharar gida, kuma sun gane cewa yana da sauƙi don tashi da doka. Sakamakon shine tsari mai zuwa:
- Irin waɗannan jirage marasa matuki yawanci ana amincewa da su makonni biyu gaba bayan bin ka'idodin doka: samun izini daga mai yankin, wanda hukumomin jirgin sama suka amince da shi da kuma kula da yankin shirin jirgin. Ana aika aikace-aikacen don kafa tsarin tsarin jirgi na gida zuwa cibiyar yanki (ZC) kwanaki uku zuwa biyar kafin fara aiki, ana aika shirin jirgin kwana daya kafin fara aiki. A ranar da aikin ya fara, dole ne ku kira cibiyar kula da sa'o'i biyu kafin tashi, dole ne ku kira duk hukumomin da ke da alhakin. Hukumomin da ke da alhakin suna ƙaddara bisa ga taswirar gabaɗaya "Airspace na Tarayyar Rasha" (RF VP). Da alama sauye-sauye za su fito nan ba da dadewa ba, kuma za a iya tashi sama a tsayin mita 150 a cikin layin gani.
- A duk lokacin da jirgin ya fara da auna alkibla da saurin iskar, da matsi na yanayi. Idan gudun iska ya fi mita hudu a cikin dakika guda, to ba sa tashi, saboda sakamakon ba shi da tabbas: za a iya gano ɗigon ruwa a wurin da ba daidai ba (zai busa shi ta jiki a wata hanya).
- Ma'aikacin jirgin mara matuki a wurin yana rage adadin juyi kuma yana ƙididdige lokacin jirgin zuwa kusan mintuna 25. Gabaɗaya, yana yiwuwa a rage lokacin jirgin da 5 zuwa 20%, dangane da yanayin yanayi.
- Yana da kyau a fara jirage a gefen lebe domin dubawa yana faruwa a ƙasa.
- Tsayin jirgin mara matuki ya isa a nemo leda - mita 15.
- Idan kuna da izinin ɗaukar hoto na iska, zaku iya ɗaukar hoton wurin da aka saki tare da hoton zafi kuma a cikin kewayon bayyane.
Idan aka kwatanta da aikin masu aikin layi - nasara! Amma akwai babban koma baya a cikin aikin na'urar ganowa da Pergamon ke amfani da shi don jiragen sama: rashin tashar sadarwa tsakanin mai ganowa da ma'aikaci yayin jirgin. Za a iya samun bayanai game da ledar ne kawai bayan da jirgin mara matuki ya sauka.
Pergamon + KROK + SPH
A lokacin da muka sadu da Pergam, CROC kawai ya sami kwamfutar da ke kan jirgin don DJI Matrice 600 drone, wanda kuma zai iya watsa shirye-shiryen telemetry ta hanyar DJI LightBridge 2. Nan da nan Pergam ya zama mai sha'awar samfurin kuma ya ba da damar yin haɗin kai don samfurin su. - na'urar gano methane mai nisa na LMC don jirgin mara matuki.
Sakamakon shine haɓakar haɗin gwiwa ta CROC (Rasha), Pergam-Engineering (Rasha) da SPH Engineering (Latvia, masana'anta na software na UGCS) - hadaddun LMC G2 DL (Laser Methane Copter Generation 2 tare da Downlink). Wannan shine ƙarni na biyu na tsarin hardware da software don gano leken asirin methane (CH4).
Maganin ya hada da DJI Matrice 600 maras matuki mai nauyin tashi mai nauyin kilogiram 11, sanye da na’urar gano methane mai nisa da na’ura mai kwakwalwa da kwamfuta. Sabuwar software tana ba ku damar yin rijista daidai hanyar jirgin a wani tsayin da aka ba da kuma a cikin saurin da ake buƙata, amsa nan take idan an gano ruwan methane, daidaita wurin daidai da ɗaukar matakan da suka dace.
Yanzu tsarin ya kasance kamar haka:
1. Don kada ku rasa ko da karamin yanki na horo, an ƙirƙiri shirin jirgin a cikin software na UgCS. Yana ɗaukar mintuna. A lokaci guda, za ku iya yin shi a cikin ofis mai dumi kuma kada ku daskare hannuwanku.
Shirin jirgin Drone a cikin software na UgCS.
2. Bayan haka, ma'aikacin yana shirya jirgin mara matuki a wurin tashi a filin horo. Kuma ta hanyar aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta UgCS yana ƙaddamar da jirgin.
Natsuwa al'ada ce.
An gano leda
3. Bayan haka, godiya ga kwamfutarmu da ke kan jirgin, ana aika karatun methane detector akan layi zuwa aikace-aikacen hannu. A lokaci guda, idan akwai asarar haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙasa, kwamfutar da ke kan allo tana yin rikodin duk karatu daga na'urar akan katin SD.
4. Duk wuce gona da iri na matakan maida hankali na methane ana iya yin alama nan da nan akan taswira. Ba ku ƙara ɓata lokaci kan aiwatarwa don gano abin da ya zubar.
5. Riba!
Sharhi daga masanin ilimin halittu na CROC:
Babu wata doka da za ta iya yin rikodin duk wani ɗigogi a hukumance, amma methane iskar gas ce, kuma an dakatar da iskar gas a ƙasarmu tsawon shekaru 20. Akwai Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, kuma a cikin tsarin aikin Tsabtace Jirgin Sama, wanda ke cikin aikin Ecology na kasa, da alama za a sami doka kan kaso. Kuma za a fara ciniki da waɗannan kason. Kuma kowane kamfani yana buƙatar fahimtar ko suna da ikon ragewa ko sarrafa hayaki.
Hukumar kulawa ita ce Rosprirodnadzor. Wurin shara kanta tsarin injiniya ne, wato, dole ne a sha Glavgosexpertiza. Akwai samarwa da kula da muhalli. An saita mitar wannan iko ya danganta da haɗari da kowane ƙayyadadden ƙasƙanci. Bari mu ce kowane wata uku dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zo yana auna wani abu - yawanci ruwa, ƙasa, iska. Kyawawan wuraren zubar da ƙasa suna tsara nasu bututun iskar gas kuma suna amfani da wannan iskar don bukatun kansu. Yawanci akwai kashi 40 na methane. Idan ta fashe, za a lalata hanyoyin sadarwa, mai yiyuwa raunata mutane, saki mai karfi... Sannan za a bude shari'ar laifi a kan mai shi. Kuma babu wanda ke sha'awar wannan. Jirgin mara matuki a Krasnoyarsk, alal misali, yana da barata ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Mutane biyu da wani mai gadi dauke da bindiga (da gaske - akwai beyar a can), abin hawa mai tafiya da sauri wanda ke rushe kowane kilomita 20-40, masauki, izinin yau da kullun na arewa.
Ana iya amfani da jirage marasa matuka a wurare da yawa. Ƙona tarkace a kan trolley, ba da ruwa a filin wasa, jefa jirgin ruwa ga wani mai nutsewa, ku tashi ta cikin wuta kuma ku sami dukan mutane, bin mafarauta ko neman gonakin hemp, ɗaukar kaya a cikin sito - kuna suna. Kuma gabaɗaya, duk abin da tunanin ku ya ba da izini. Muna sha'awar sababbin matsaloli, kuma za mu iya kuma muna so mu yi ƙoƙari mu magance matsalar ku. To, idan kuna da aiki don nemo leaks, zan fara aikin matukin jirgi akan mafi ban sha'awa. Wasika - [email kariya].
nassoshi
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- Wasiku na - [email kariya].
source: www.habr.com