Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin yanke shawara mai haɓakawa ya yi shine wace bayanan bayanai zai yi amfani da shi. Shekaru da yawa, zaɓuɓɓukan sun iyakance ga zaɓuɓɓukan bayanai na alaƙa daban-daban waɗanda ke goyan bayan Structured Query Language (SQL). Waɗannan sun haɗa da MS SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, DB2 da ƙari mai yawa.
A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, sabbin bayanai da yawa sun shiga kasuwa ƙarƙashin tsarin No-SQL. Waɗannan sun haɗa da shagunan ƙima kamar Redis da Amazon DynamoDB, manyan bayanan ginshiƙai kamar Cassandra da HBase, shagunan daftarin aiki kamar MongoDB da Couchbase, da bayanan bayanan hoto da injunan bincike kamar Elasticsearch da Solr.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar SQL da NoSQL ba tare da shiga cikin ayyukansu ba.
Ƙari ga haka, za mu ji daɗi a hanya.
Yin Bayanin SQL ga Granny
Goggo kiyi tunanin ba jikanki bane tilo ba. A maimakon haka, uwa da uba suna son juna kamar zomaye, suna da yara 100, sannan suka karbi 50.
Don haka, kuna son mu duka kuma ba ku so ku manta da kowane ɗayan sunayenmu, ranar haihuwa, ɗanɗanon ice cream da aka fi so, girman tufafi, abubuwan sha'awa, sunayen mata, sunayen zuriya da sauran mahimman bayanai masu mahimmanci. Duk da haka, bari mu fuskanci shi. Kuna da shekaru 85 kuma kyakkyawan tsohuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kawai ba za ku iya ɗaukar shi ba.
Sa'a, kasancewa mafi wayo a cikin jikokinku, zan iya taimakawa. Don haka na zo gidanku, na fitar da takarda na ce ku gasa kukis kafin mu fara.
A kan takarda ɗaya, muna yin jerin sunayen da ake kira "jikoki". Kowanne jikan rubuta tare da wasu mahimman bayanai game da shi, gami da lamba ta musamman da za ta nuna yadda yanzu jikan shi ne. Har ila yau, saboda tsari, muna rubuta sunayen sunaye a saman jerin don mu san ko wane bayani ya kunsa.
id
sunan
ranar haihuwa
ziyara ta karshe
girman tufafi
ice cream da aka fi so
soma
1
Jimmy
09-22-1992
09-01-2019
L
cakulan mint
arya
2
Jessica
07-21-1992
02-22-2018
M
Hanyar Rocky
gaskiya
...muna ci gaba da lissafin!
Jerin jikoki
Bayan ɗan lokaci, kun fahimci komai kuma mun kusan gama da jerin! Duk da haka, kun juya gare ni kuma ku ce: "Mun manta don ƙara sarari ga ma'aurata, abubuwan sha'awa, jikoki!" Amma a'a, ba mu manta ba! Wannan yana biye da gaba kuma yana buƙatar sabon takarda.
Don haka sai na ciro wata takarda kuma a kanta muka kira lissafin Ma'aurata. Muna sake ƙara halayen da ke da mahimmanci a gare mu zuwa saman jerin kuma fara ƙara a cikin layuka.
id
jikan_id
sunan
ranar haihuwa
1
2
John
06-01-1988
2
9
Fernanda
03-05-1985
…karin ma'aurata!
Jerin ma'aurata
A wannan matakin, na bayyana ma kakata cewa idan tana son sanin wanda ya auri wa, to sai dai kawai ta dace. id a cikin jerin jikoki с jikan_id a cikin jerin ma'aurata.
Bayan kukis dozin guda biyu, Ina buƙatar yin barci. "Zaki iya cigaba kaka?" Zan tafi in huta.
Ina dawowa nan da 'yan sa'o'i kadan. Kuna da kyau, kaka! Komai yayi kyau ban da lissafin sha'awa. Akwai kusan abubuwan sha'awa 1000 a cikin jerin. Yawancinsu suna maimaituwa; Me ya faru?
jikan_id
sha'awa,
1
bike
4
bike
3
bike
7
Gudun
11
bike
...muna ci gaba!
Yi hakuri, na manta gaba daya in ce! Yin amfani da jeri ɗaya, zaka iya waƙa kawai sha'awa. Sa'an nan a cikin wani jerin muna bukatar mu gano jikokiwadanda suke yin haka sha'awa. Za mu kira shi "Jerin gama gari". Ganin ba ka son sa, sai na shiga damuwa na koma ga yanayin lissafin.
id
sha'awa,
1
bike
2
Gudun
3
iyo
... ƙarin abubuwan sha'awa!
Jerin abubuwan sha'awa
Da zarar mun sami jerin abubuwan sha'awa, za mu ƙirƙiri jerin mu na biyu kuma mu kira shi "Abubuwan sha'awar jikoki".
jikan_id
sha'awa_id
4
1
3
1
7
2
…Kara!
Gabaɗaya jerin abubuwan sha'awar jikoki
Bayan duk wannan aikin, Grandma yanzu tana da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai sanyi don ci gaba da bin diddigin dukan danginta masu ban mamaki. Kuma a sa'an nan - don ci gaba da ni - ta yi tambayar sihiri: "A ina kuka koyi yin duk wannan?"
Bayanai na dangantaka
Mahimmin bayanai na alaƙa saitin tebur ne da aka siffanta bisa ƙa'ida (a cikin misalinmu, waɗannan zanen gado ne) waɗanda za ku iya shiga daga ciki. bayarwa ko tattara su ta hanyoyi daban-daban ba tare da sake tsara teburin ba Database. Akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan bayanai na alaƙa da yawa, amma abin takaici, jeri akan takarda ba ɗaya daga cikinsu bane.
Alamar shahararrun ma'ajin bayanai na alaƙa shine harshen tambaya na SQL (Structured Query Language). Godiya gare shi, idan Grandma ta canja wurin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta zuwa kwamfuta, za ta iya samun amsoshin tambayoyi da sauri kamar: "Wane ne bai ziyarce ni ba a bara, ya yi aure kuma ba shi da sha'awa?"
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsarin sarrafa bayanai na SQL shine tushen tushen MySQL. Ana aiwatar da shi da farko azaman tsarin sarrafa bayanai na dangantaka (RDBMS) don aikace-aikacen software na tushen yanar gizo.
Wasu mahimman fasalulluka na MySQL:
- An san shi sosai, ana amfani da shi sosai kuma an gwada shi sosai.
- Akwai ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa da yawa waɗanda ke da gogewa tare da SQL da bayanan bayanai masu alaƙa.
- Ana adana bayanan a cikin teburi daban-daban, wanda ke ba da sauƙin kafa alaƙa ta amfani da maɓallan farko da na waje (masu ganowa).
- Yana da sauƙi don amfani da inganci, yana mai da shi manufa don kasuwanci manya da ƙanana.
- Lambar tushe tana ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan lasisin Jama'a na GNU.
Yanzu manta DUK.
Bayyana NoSQL ga kaka
Goggo, muna da babban iyali. Tana da jikoki 150! Yawancinsu sun yi aure, suna da ’ya’ya, suna son wani abu da sauransu. A shekarun ku, ba zai yiwu a tuna komai game da mu duka ba. Abin da kuke buƙata shine tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya!
Abin farin ciki, I ba Ina son ku manta ranar haihuwata da dandanon da na fi so na ice cream, zan iya taimakawa. Don haka na gudu zuwa kantin mafi kusa, na ɗauki littafin rubutu na koma gidanku.
Mataki na farko da zan ɗauka shine in rubuta "Ya'yan Jikoki" a cikin manyan haruffa masu ƙarfi akan bangon littafina na rubutu. Sai na juya zuwa shafi na farko na fara rubuta duk abin da kuke buƙatar tunawa game da ni. Bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan, shafin yana kallon wani abu kamar haka.
{
"_id":"dkdigiye82gd87gd99dg87gd",
"name":"Cody",
"birthday":"09-12-2006",
"last_visit":"09-02-2019",
"clothing_size":"XL",
"favorite_ice_cream":"Fudge caramel",
"adopted":false,
"hobbies":[
"video games",
"computers",
"cooking"
],
"spouse":null,
"kids":[
],
"favorite_picture":"file://scrapbook-103/christmas-2010.jpg",
"misc_notes":"Prefers ice-cream cake on birthday instead of chocolate cake!"
}
Я: "Da alama komai ya shirya!"
Mahaifiyar: “Dakata, sauran jikokin fa?”
Я: "Iya iya. Sannan a ware shafi daya ga kowanne.
Mahaifiyar: "Shin zan buƙaci rubuta dukan bayanai iri ɗaya don kowa, kamar yadda na yi muku?"
Я: “A’a, kawai idan kuna so. Bari in nuna."
Na ƙwace alƙalamin kakata, na juye shafin da sauri na rubuta bayani game da ɗan uwan da na fi so.
{
"_id":"dh97dhs9b39397ss001",
"name":"Tanner",
"birthday":"09-12-2008",
"clothing_size":"S",
"friend_count":0,
"favorite_picture":null,
"remember":"Born on same day as Cody but not as important"
}A duk lokacin da kaka ke bukatar tuna wani abu game da daya daga cikin jikokinta, kawai tana bukatar ta kewaya zuwa shafin da ya dace a cikin littafin jikokinta. Dukkan bayanai game da su za a adana su nan da nan a kan shafin su, wanda za ta iya canzawa da sauri da sabuntawa.
Lokacin da aka gama komai, ta yi tambayar sihirin: "A ina kuka koyi yin duk wannan?"
NoSQL bayanan bayanai
Akwai su da yawa NoSQL bayanan bayanai ("ba kawai SQL ba"). A cikin misalan mu, mun nuna daftarin aiki database. NoSQL bayanan bayanai sun ƙirƙira bayanan ta hanyoyin da ke ware alaƙar tebur da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bayanan alaƙa. Waɗannan ma'ajin bayanai sun shahara a farkon 2000s tare da kamfanoni waɗanda ke buƙatar tarin bayanan tushen gajimare saboda ƙayyadaddun buƙatun ƙira (kamar Facebook). A cikin irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, daidaiton bayanai ya kasance ƙasa da mahimmanci fiye da aiki da ƙima.
A farkon, ana amfani da bayanan NoSQL akai-akai don ayyukan sarrafa bayanai. Ainihin, lokacin da yazo ga yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen girgije, NoSQL bayanan bayanai sun sarrafa kuma sun rarraba bayanai masu yawa. Injiniyoyin NoSQL kuma suna son tsarin bayanai masu sassauƙa (ko rashinsa) ta yadda sauye-sauye masu sauri ya yiwu a aikace-aikacen da aka sabunta.
Mahimman fasali na NoSQL:
- Hanya mai sauƙi don adana bayanai
- A kwance a kwance zuwa gungu
- Matsaloli masu yuwuwar kowane juriya/ yadawa
- Takardun da aka gano ta amfani da maɓalli na musamman
Cikakken kwatance
MySQL yana buƙatar ƙayyadadden tsari da tsari.
NoSQL yana ba ku damar adana kowane bayanai a cikin "takardun".
MySQL yana da babbar al'umma.
NoSQL yana da ƙaramar al'umma mai girma da sauri.
NoSQL yana da sauƙin ƙima.
MySQL yana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa.
MySQL yana amfani da SQL, wanda ake amfani da shi a yawancin nau'ikan bayanai.
NoSQL shine tsarin tushen bayanai tare da mashahurin aiwatarwa.
MySQL yana amfani da daidaitaccen harshen tambaya (SQL).
NoSQL baya amfani da daidaitaccen harshen tambaya.
MySQL yana da manyan kayan aikin rahoto da yawa.
NoSQL yana da kayan aikin bayar da rahoto da yawa waɗanda ke da wahalar daidaitawa.
MySQL na iya nuna batutuwan aiki don manyan bayanai.
NoSQL yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki akan manyan bayanai.
Tunani 8 tushe
A kamfanin inda nake aiki, muna samar da wurin aiki don kowane aiki tare da bayanan alaƙa na Aurora MySQL wanda aka shirya akan AWS. Yayin da NoSQL zaɓi ne na ma'ana lokacin da aikace-aikacenku ke buƙatar babban aiki da haɓakawa, mun yi imanin cewa ƙaƙƙarfan daidaiton bayanai da DBMS ke bayarwa yana da mahimmanci yayin gina aikace-aikacen SaaS da sauran software na kasuwanci.
Don masu farawa da masu haɓaka haɓaka aikace-aikacen kasuwanci waɗanda ke buƙatar bayar da rahoto, mutuncin ma'amala, da ingantaccen tsarin bayanai, saka hannun jari a cikin bayanan bayanai shine, a ra'ayinmu, zaɓin da ya dace.
Ƙara koyo game da haɓakawa tare da Aurora, Serverless da GraphQL a 8base.com .
source: www.habr.com