Yadda siyasar karni na 19 ta yi tasiri a wuraren cibiyoyin bayanai a yau

Daga mai fassara

Ya ku Habrazhiteliki! Tun da wannan shine gwaji na na farko na buga abun ciki akan Habré, don Allah kar a yanke hukunci da tsauri. Ana karɓar zargi da shawarwari cikin hanzari a cikin LAN.

Kwanan nan, Google ya sanar da samuwa sabuwar cibiyar bayanai a Salt Lake City, Utah. Wannan yana daya daga cikin cibiyoyin bayanai na zamani da kamfanoni irin su Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Yahoo, da sauransu suka saka hannun jari, wanda ke kan layin daidai da layi na 41 a Amurka.

Kowanne daga cikin wadannan kamfanoni yana zuba biliyoyin daloli a cikin wadannan garuruwa hudu:

• Microsoft ya kashe dala biliyan 3.5 zuwa ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin bayanai a Des Moines, Iowa, da Dala miliyan 750 a cibiyoyin bayanai, dake Cheyenne, Wyoming.
• apple ya kashe dalar Amurka biliyan 1.35 zuwa cibiyar bayanai ta zamani a Des Moines.
• Google ya kashe dala biliyan 1 zuwa cibiyar bayanai kusa da Omaha, Nebraska, ban da jarin da ta yi kwanan nan a birnin Salt Lake.
• Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta ƙasa NCAR ya gina babban kwamfutoci na petaflop 1.5 a Cheyenne, kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan na'urori masu sauri a duniya.
• Hukumar Tsaro ta Amurka tana aiki babban ma'ajiyar bayanan sirri Zaune a Salt Lake City, Utah.

Don haka menene ya sa a layi daya na 41 ya zama na musamman, wanda ya sa kamfanoni daban-daban su zuba jari na biliyoyin daloli na gina cibiyoyin bayanai a cikin wadannan biranen?

Amsa ita ce, yawancin zirga-zirgar da ke tashi daga gabas zuwa yammacin Amurka da kuma baya suna bi ta kowace irin wadannan wurare ne ta hanyar tarin manyan igiyoyin fiber optic mallakar dimbin kamfanonin sadarwa, kamar: AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, Level 3, Zayo, Fibertech, Windstream da sauransu.

Wannan tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na fiber optic yana ba wa cibiyoyin bayanai damar samun dama ga adadi mai yawa na tashoshi masu fadi, yana haifar da sake zagayowar saka hannun jari - ƙarin cibiyoyin bayanai suna jawo ƙarin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, wanda hakan ke haifar da haɓaka ƙarin ƙasusuwan fiber na gani, wanda kuma ke haifar da haɓaka ƙarin cibiyoyin bayanai. .

Me yasa duk waɗannan katafaren kamfanonin sadarwa suka zaɓi gano manyan hanyoyinsu akan wannan hanyar a fadin Amurka? Domin kowane ɗayan waɗannan igiyoyi suna gudana a ƙarƙashin ƙasa tare da ci gaba da tafiya ta dama mai nisan kusan mita 60 tare da layin dogo na farko mai wucewa, wanda aka kammala a 1869. Gwamnatin Amurka ta ba da haƙƙin wannan ƙasa ga titin jirgin ƙasa na Union Pacific ta hanyar sanya hannu Dokar Railway Pacific ta 1862. Kuma idan kun kasance kamfanin sadarwa da ke neman gina sabon ƙashin bayan gani a duk faɗin Amurka a cikin 2019, akwai kamfani ɗaya kawai da kuke buƙatar daidaita aikinku tare da: Union Pacific. Wannan ƙaramin fili ya ketare Amurka gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan ƙirar layin dogo ta 1864:

Misalin irin wannan unguwar tarho shine babban tashar tarho na EchoStar a Cheyenne, Wyoming. EchoStar yana aiki da tauraron dan adam 25 don watsa abun ciki da fina-finai. Sun sayi wani babban yanki kusa da hanyar dama ta Union Pacific, wanda ya basu damar shiga kai tsaye cikin igiyoyin gani na nahiyoyi da aka binne kusa da titin jirgin.

A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa zaku iya ganin layin da ke raba layukan kadarorin EchoStar, na arewa ya yi daidai da Union Pacific dama hanya.

Wani misalin irin wannan kusancin shine cibiyoyin bayanan Microsoft da cibiyar NCAR supercomputer a Wyoming. Dukansu suna tsakanin kilomita ɗaya daga titin jirgin ƙasa na Union Pacific:

Me yasa aka gina titin jirgin kasa tare da layi daya na 41, daga Iowa zuwa California?
Tun daga 1853, Amurka ta gudanar da aikin bincike don nemo mafi kyawun hanyar sabon layin dogo - tare da layi na 47, 39, 35 da 32. A cikin 1859, Sakataren Yaƙi na Amurka Jefferson Davis ya goyi bayan hanyar kudanci daga New Orleans zuwa San Diego - ya fi guntu, babu tsaunuka masu tsayi da za a shawo kan hanyar, kuma babu dusar ƙanƙara da za ta ƙara farashin kula da sabuwar. titin jirgin kasa. Amma a cikin 1850s, babu wani dan majalisa na arewa da zai zabi hanyar kudanci, wanda zai taimaka wa tattalin arzikin bawa na Confederacy, kuma babu wani dan majalisa na kudancin da zai zabi hanyar arewa. Wannan takun saka ta ci gaba har zuwa barkewar yakin basasar Amurka. Lokacin da jihohin kudanci suka balle daga tarayyar a 1861, sauran 'yan siyasar arewa da sauri suka kada kuri'a don goyon bayan Dokar Railroad na 1862, wanda ya kafa hanyar da za ta fara tafiya a Council Bluffs, Iowa, da hanyarta daga yamma zuwa gabas tare da hanyar 41. - th layi daya.

Me yasa Majalisar Bluffs? Akwai birane da yawa da ke shirye su yi gasa don wannan gata. Amma Council Bluffs an zaɓi shi ne saboda kwarin Plate River da ke yammacin birnin ya gangara a hankali zuwa Dutsen Rocky, yana ba da tushen ruwa mai dacewa don motocin motsa jiki. Ruwa daya ake amfani dashi yanzu adiabatic sanyaya cibiyoyin bayanai na zamani tare da wannan hanya.

Bayan da aka kammala aikin layin dogo na farko, nan da nan Western Union ta kafa hanyar sadarwa ta farko a cikin hanyar jirgin kasa ta dama, kuma nan da nan ta fara watsa duk telegram daga wannan ƙarshen nahiyar zuwa wancan. Daga baya, lokacin da AT&T ya gina layukan tarho mai nisa a farkon karni na XNUMX, an kuma gina su a kan wannan titin jirgin. Wadannan manyan hanyoyin sun girma kuma an gina su har sai da suka zama babban gungun manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da ke wanzuwa a wannan tudun na kasa a yau.

Wannan shine yadda shawarwarin manufofin da aka yanke sama da shekaru 150 da suka gabata suka ƙayyade inda ake saka biliyoyin daloli a cibiyoyin bayanan zamani a yau.

source: www.habr.com