Mutane a duk duniya suna amfani da wakilai na kasuwanci don ɓoye ainihin wurinsu ko ainihin su. Ana iya yin hakan don magance matsaloli daban-daban, gami da samun damar bayanan da aka toshe ko tabbatar da keɓantawa.
Amma yaya daidai ne masu samar da irin waɗannan wakilai lokacin da suke iƙirarin cewa sabar su tana cikin wata ƙasa? Wannan tambaya ce mai mahimmanci, amsar wacce ke ƙayyade ko za a iya amfani da wani sabis ɗin kwata-kwata ta waɗancan abokan cinikin waɗanda suka damu da kariyar bayanan sirri.
Wani rukuni na masana kimiyya na Amurka daga jami'o'in Massachusetts, Carnegie Mellon da Stony Brook sun buga , a lokacin da aka duba ainihin wurin sabar na mashahuran masu samar da wakili guda bakwai. Mun shirya taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen sakamako na babban sakamako.
Gabatarwar
Masu aiki da wakili sau da yawa ba sa samar da kowane bayani da zai iya tabbatar da daidaiton da'awarsu game da wuraren uwar garken. Rukunin bayanai na IP-zuwa-wuri yawanci suna tallafawa da'awar talla na irin waɗannan kamfanoni, amma akwai cikakkun shaidar kurakurai a cikin waɗannan bayanan.
A yayin binciken, masana kimiyya na Amurka sun tantance wuraren sabar sabar wakili guda 2269 da wasu kamfanoni bakwai ke sarrafa su kuma suna cikin jimillar kasashe da yankuna 222. Binciken ya nuna cewa aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk sabar ba sa cikin ƙasashen da kamfanoni ke da'awar a cikin kayan tallarsu. Madadin haka, suna cikin ƙasashe masu arha kuma abin dogaro: Jamhuriyar Czech, Jamus, Netherlands, Burtaniya da Amurka.
Binciken Wurin Sabar
VPN na kasuwanci da masu samar da wakili na iya yin tasiri ga daidaiton bayanan bayanan IP-zuwa-wuri - kamfanoni suna da ikon sarrafa, misali, lambobin wuri a cikin sunayen na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. A sakamakon haka, kayan tallace-tallace na iya da'awar ɗimbin wurare masu yawa ga masu amfani, yayin da a gaskiya, don adana kuɗi da inganta aminci, sabobin suna cikin jiki a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe, kodayake bayanan IP-zuwa-wuri sun ce akasin haka.
Don bincika ainihin wurin sabobin, masu binciken sunyi amfani da algorithm mai aiki na geolocation. An yi amfani da shi don kimanta zagaye na fakitin da aka aika zuwa uwar garken da sauran sanannun runduna a Intanet.
A lokaci guda, ƙasa da 10% na wakilai da aka gwada suna amsawa ga ping, kuma saboda dalilai na zahiri, masana kimiyya ba za su iya sarrafa kowace software don aunawa akan sabar kanta ba. Suna da ikon aika fakiti kawai ta hanyar wakili, don haka tafiya zuwa kowane wuri a sararin samaniya shine jimlar lokacin da ake ɗaukar fakiti don tafiya daga mai gwajin zuwa wakili da kuma daga wakili zuwa wurin da aka nufa.
A yayin binciken, an ƙirƙiri software na musamman bisa ga algorithms na geolocation guda huɗu: CBG, Octant, Spotter da matasan Octant/Spotter. Lambar mafita ku GitHub.
Tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a dogara da bayanan IP-zuwa-wuri, don gwaje-gwajen da masu binciken suka yi amfani da RIPE Atlas na jerin rundunan anga - bayanan da ke cikin wannan bayanan yana samuwa akan layi, ana sabunta su akai-akai, kuma wuraren da aka rubuta daidai ne, haka ma. , runduna daga jerin suna aika sakonnin ping ga juna akai-akai kuma suna sabunta bayanai akan tafiya a cikin bayanan jama'a.
Ƙirƙirar masana kimiyyar bayani, aikace-aikacen yanar gizo ne wanda ke kafa amintattun (HTTPS) haɗin TCP akan tashar HTTP mara tsaro 80. Idan uwar garken ba ya sauraron wannan tashar jiragen ruwa, to zai kasa bayan buƙatun ɗaya, duk da haka, idan uwar garken yana sauraron. akan wannan tashar jiragen ruwa, sannan mai binciken zai sami amsa SYN- ACK tare da fakitin TLS ClientHello. Wannan zai haifar da kuskuren yarjejeniya kuma mai binciken zai nuna kuskuren, amma sai bayan tafiya na biyu.
Ta wannan hanyar, aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo na iya lokacin zagaye ɗaya ko biyu. An aiwatar da irin wannan sabis ɗin azaman shirin da aka ƙaddamar daga layin umarni.
Babu ɗaya daga cikin masu samarwa da aka gwada da ya bayyana ainihin wurin sabar wakili. A mafi kyau, an ambaci birane, amma mafi yawan lokuta akwai bayanai game da ƙasar kawai. Ko da a lokacin da aka ambaci birni, abubuwa na iya faruwa - alal misali, masu bincike sun bincika fayil ɗin daidaitawa na ɗaya daga cikin sabobin da ake kira usa.new-york-city.cfg, wanda ya ƙunshi umarnin haɗi zuwa uwar garken mai suna chicago.vpn-provider. misali. Don haka, ƙari ko žasa daidai, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa uwar garken na wata ƙasa ce kawai.
Результаты
Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da algorithm geolocation mai aiki, masu binciken sun sami damar tabbatar da wurin 989 daga cikin adiresoshin IP 2269. A game da 642, ba za a iya yin hakan ba, kuma 638 ba su cikin ƙasar da ya kamata su kasance, bisa ga tabbacin sabis na wakilai. Fiye da 400 na waɗannan adireshi na karya a zahiri suna cikin nahiya ɗaya da ƙasar da aka ayyana.
Madaidaitan adiresoshin suna cikin ƙasashen da aka fi amfani da su don karɓar sabar (danna hoton don buɗewa da cikakken girman)
An sami ma'aikatan da ake tuhuma akan kowane ɗayan ma'aikatan bakwai da aka gwada. Masu binciken sun nemi sharhi daga kamfanonin, amma duk sun ƙi yin magana.
source: www.habr.com