Ta yaya toshe damar shiga shafukan da ke rarraba haramtattun abun ciki ke aiki (yanzu RKN yana duba injunan bincike shima)

Kafin ci gaba zuwa bayanin tsarin da ke da alhakin tace damar shiga ta hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa, mun lura cewa yanzu Roskomnadzor zai sarrafa aikin injunan bincike.

A farkon shekara, an amince da tsarin sarrafawa da jerin matakan don tabbatar da cewa masu amfani da injin binciken sun bi ka'idodin don dakatar da ba da bayanai game da albarkatun Intanet, samun damar yin amfani da shi a kan yankin Tarayyar Rasha.

Oda mai dacewa Roskomnadzor kwanan watan Nuwamba 7, 2017 No. 229 an rajista tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Rasha.

An karɓi odar a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatar da tanadi na Mataki na ashirin da 15.8 na Dokar Tarayya ta Yuli 27.07.2006, 149 No. XNUMX-FZ "Akan Bayani, Fasahar Bayanai da Kariya," wanda ke ƙayyade. alhakin masu mallakar sabis na VPN, "masu ɓoye" da masu sarrafa injin bincike don iyakance damar samun bayanai, rarraba wanda aka haramta a Rasha.

Ana gudanar da ayyukan sarrafawa a wurin da ke cikin jiki ba tare da hulɗa tare da ma'aikatan injin bincike ba.

Ana fahimtar tsarin bayanai azaman FSIS na albarkatun bayanai na bayanai da hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa, damar zuwa wanda ke iyakance.

Dangane da sakamakon taron, an fitar da rahoto, wanda ke nuna, musamman bayanai game da manhajojin da aka yi amfani da su wajen tabbatar da wadannan hujjoji, da kuma bayanan da ke tabbatar da cewa wani shafi (shafukan) na shafin a lokacin da aka sarrafa shi. ya kasance a cikin tsarin bayanai sama da kwana guda.

Ana aika dokar zuwa ma'aikacin injin bincike ta hanyar tsarin bayanai. Idan akwai rashin jituwa tare da dokar, mai aiki yana da hakkin ya gabatar da ƙin yarda ga Roskomnadzor a cikin kwanaki uku na aiki, wanda yayi la'akari da ƙin yarda kuma a cikin kwanaki uku na aiki. Dangane da sakamakon la'akari da ƙin yarda da ma'aikaci, shugaban hukumar ko mataimakinsa ya yanke shawarar fara shari'ar laifin gudanarwa.

Yadda aka tsara tsarin tace damar shiga ga ma'aikatan sadarwa a halin yanzu

A Rasha akwai dokoki da yawa da ke tilasta wa masu aikin sadarwa don tace damar shiga shafukan da ke rarraba abubuwan da aka haramta:

• Dokar Tarayya 126 "Akan Sadarwa", gyara ga Art. 46 - akan wajibcin ma'aikaci don iyakance damar samun bayanai (FSEM).
• "Rijista Hadin Kai" - Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012 N 1101 "A kan tsarin haɗin kai mai sarrafa kansa "Rijistar sunayen yanki, alamun shafukan yanar gizo a cikin bayanai da sadarwar sadarwa "Internet" da adiresoshin cibiyar sadarwa. wanda ke ba da damar gano shafuka a cikin bayanai da hanyoyin sadarwa na hanyoyin sadarwar Intanet waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanan rarraba wanda aka haramta a cikin Tarayyar Rasha."
• Dokar Tarayya ta 436 "Akan Kare Yara ...", rarraba bayanan da ke akwai.
• Dokar Tarayya No. 3 "Akan 'Yan Sanda", Mataki na 13, sakin layi na 12 - game da kawar da dalilai da yanayin da ke taimakawa wajen aiwatar da barazana ga lafiyar 'yan ƙasa da lafiyar jama'a.
• Dokar Tarayya No. 187 "A kan gyare-gyare ga wasu ayyukan majalisa na Tarayyar Rasha game da kare haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin ha?]
• Bi umarnin kotu da umarnin masu gabatar da kara.
• Dokar Tarayya ta Yuli 28.07.2012, 139 N XNUMX-FZ "A kan gyare-gyare ga Dokar Tarayya" Kan Kare Yara daga Bayanan da ke cutar da Lafiyar su da Ci gaban "da kuma wasu ayyukan majalisa na Tarayyar Rasha."
• Dokar Tarayya ta Yuli 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ "Akan bayanai, fasahar bayanai da kariya ta bayanai."

Buƙatun Roskomnadzor don toshewa sun ƙunshi sabunta jerin buƙatun don mai bayarwa, kowace shigarwa daga irin wannan buƙatar ta ƙunshi:

• nau'in rajista daidai da abin da aka sanya takunkumi;
• batu a cikin lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙuntata hanyar shiga;
• nau'in gaggawa na gaggawa (gaggawa na yau da kullun - a cikin sa'o'i XNUMX, babban gaggawa - amsawar gaggawa);
• nau'in toshe shigarwar rajista (ta URL ko sunan yanki);
• lambar hash na shigarwar rajista (canzawa duk lokacin da abun ciki na shigarwar ya canza);
• cikakkun bayanai na yanke shawara game da buƙatar ƙuntata damar shiga;
• fihirisa ɗaya ko fiye na shafukan yanar gizo, damar zuwa wanda yakamata a iyakance (na zaɓi);
• sunayen yanki ɗaya ko fiye (na zaɓi);
• adiresoshin cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya ko fiye (na zaɓi);
• ɗaya ko fiye IP subnets (na zaɓi).

Don sadarwa yadda ya kamata ga masu aiki, an ƙirƙiri "tsarin bayanai don hulɗa tsakanin Roskomnadzor da masu gudanar da tarho". An samo shi tare da ƙa'idodi, umarni da masu tuni ga masu aiki akan tashar ta musamman:

vigruzki.rkn.gov.ru

A nata bangare, domin duba masu gudanar da sadarwa, Roskomnadzor ya fara ba da abokin ciniki ga AS "Revizor". A ƙasa akwai ɗan bayani game da aikin wakilin.

Algorithm don duba samuwar kowane URL ta Wakilin. Lokacin dubawa, Wakilin dole ne:

• Ƙayyade adiresoshin IP waɗanda sunan cibiyar sadarwa na rukunin da ake bincika (yankin) ke canzawa ko amfani da IP adiresoshin da aka bayar a cikin lodawa;
• Ga kowane adireshin IP da aka karɓa daga sabar DNS, yi buƙatar HTTP don bincika URL. Idan an karɓi turawa HTTP daga rukunin yanar gizon da ake bincika, dole ne Wakilin ya duba URL ɗin da aka yi turawa. Akalla ana tallafawa turawa HTTP guda 5 a jere;
• idan ba zai yiwu a yi buƙatun HTTP ba (ba a kafa haɗin TCP ba), dole ne Wakilin ya kammala cewa an katange duk adireshin IP;
• idan an sami nasarar buƙatun HTTP, dole ne Wakilin ya duba amsa da aka karɓa daga rukunin yanar gizon da lambar amsawar HTTP ke dubawa, masu taken HTTP, da abun ciki na HTTP (bayanan da aka fara karɓa har zuwa 10 kb cikin girman). Idan amsar da aka karɓa ta yi daidai da samfuran shafin stub da aka ƙirƙira a cibiyar kulawa yakamata a kammala cewa URL ɗin da ake bincika yana toshe;
• lokacin duba URL, dole ne Wakilin ya duba shigar da haɗin da aka rufaffen kuma yayi alama akan albarkatun;
• Idan bayanan da Wakilin ya karɓa bai yi daidai da samfuran shafuffukan stub ko amintattun shafukan karkatar da bayanai game da toshe albarkatu ba, dole ne Wakilin ya kammala cewa URL ɗin ba a toshe shi akan SPD na ma'aikacin sadarwa. A wannan yanayin, ana yin rikodin bayanai game da bayanan (amsar HTTP) da Wakilin ya karɓa a cikin rahoto (fayil ɗin log ɗin dubawa). Mai gudanar da tsarin yana da ikon ƙirƙirar samfuri don sabon shafi na stub daga wannan rikodin don hana ƙarshen ƙarshe na ƙarya game da rashin toshe.

Jerin abin da dole ne Wakilin ya bayar

• tuntuɓar cibiyar kulawa don samun cikakken jerin URLs da hanyoyin toshewa waɗanda ke buƙatar gwadawa;
• sadarwa tare da cibiyar kulawa don samun bayanai akan hanyoyin gwaji. Hanyoyin da aka goyan baya: cikakken rajistan lokaci ɗaya, cikakken lokaci tare da ƙayyadaddun tazara, zaɓin lokaci ɗaya tare da ƙayyadaddun URL na mai amfani, dubawa na lokaci-lokaci tare da ƙayyadaddun tazara na jerin URLs (na wani nau'in rikodin EP);
• ci gaba da aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin tabbatarwa ta amfani da jerin URL ɗin da ke akwai, idan ba zai yiwu a sami jerin URLs daga cibiyar kulawa ba, da adana sakamakon gwajin da aka samu tare da canja wuri na gaba zuwa cibiyar kulawa;
• cikakken aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin tabbatarwa ta amfani da jerin URL ɗin da ake samuwa, idan ba zai yiwu ba don samun bayanai game da hanyoyin tabbatarwa daga cibiyar kulawa, da adana sakamakon gwajin da aka samu tare da canja wuri na gaba zuwa cibiyar kulawa;
• duba sakamakon toshewa daidai da yanayin da aka kafa;
• aika rahoto game da binciken da aka yi zuwa cibiyar kulawa (fayil log log);
• ikon duba ayyukan SPD na ma'aikacin sadarwa, watau. duba samuwar jerin sanannun wuraren da ake iya samun damar shiga;
• ikon duba sakamakon toshewa ta amfani da uwar garken wakili;
• yiwuwar sabunta software mai nisa;
• ikon aiwatar da hanyoyin bincike akan SPD (lokacin amsawa, hanyar fakiti, saurin saukar da fayiloli daga albarkatun waje, ƙayyadaddun adiresoshin IP don sunayen yanki, saurin karɓar bayanai a cikin tashar sadarwa ta baya a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar mara waya, fakiti asarar hasara, matsakaicin watsa jinkirin lokaci fakitin;
• aikin dubawa na aƙalla URLs 10 a sakan daya, muddin akwai isassun bandwidth na tashar sadarwa;
• iyawar wakili don samun dama ga albarkatun sau da yawa (har zuwa sau 20), tare da mitar mai canzawa daga lokaci 1 da biyu zuwa 1 lokaci a minti daya;
• da ikon ƙirƙirar bazuwar oda na shigarwar jeri da ake watsawa don gwaji da saita fifiko ga takamaiman shafi na wani shafi akan Intanet.

Gabaɗaya, tsarin yana kama da haka:

Software da hardware-software mafita don tace zirga-zirgar Intanet (DPI mafita) yana ba masu aiki damar toshe zirga-zirga daga masu amfani zuwa shafuka daga jerin RKN. Ko an toshe su ko a'a abokin ciniki na AS Auditor yana duba su. Yana bincika samuwa ta atomatik ta amfani da jeri daga RKN.

Samfuran tsarin sa ido akwai mahada.

A bara, Roskomnadzor ya fara gwada matakan toshe hanyoyin da mai aiki zai iya amfani da shi don aiwatar da wannan makirci ta mai aiki. Bari in kawo daga sakamakon irin wannan gwajin:

"Maganin software na musamman "UBIC", "EcoFilter", "SKAT DPI", "Tiksen-Blokirovka", "SkyDNS Zapret ISP" da "Carbon Reductor DPI" sun sami kyakkyawan sakamako daga Roskomnadzor.

An kuma karɓi ƙarshe daga Roskomnadzor wanda ke tabbatar da yuwuwar masu gudanar da sadarwa ta yin amfani da software na ZapretService a matsayin hanyar hana shiga haramtattun albarkatu akan Intanet. Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka shigar da shi bisa ga shawarar haɗin gwiwar masana'anta "a cikin rata" kuma aka daidaita daidaitaccen hanyar sadarwar ma'aikacin sadarwa, adadin da aka gano ta hanyar Rijistar Haɗin Haɗin Bayanan bai wuce 0,02%.

Don haka, ana ba wa masu aikin sadarwa damar zaɓar mafita mafi dacewa don iyakance damar yin amfani da albarkatun da aka haramta, gami da daga jerin samfuran software waɗanda suka sami ra'ayi mai kyau daga Roskomnadzor.

Koyaya, yayin gwajin samfuran software na IdecoSelecta ISP, saboda tsayin hanya don turawa da daidaita shi, wasu masu aiki sun kasa fara gwaji akan lokaci. Fiye da rabin ma'aikatan sadarwar da ke shiga gwaji, lokacin gwajin Ideco Selecta ISP bai wuce mako guda ba. Idan aka yi la’akari da ƙaramin adadin bayanan ƙididdiga da aka samu da kuma ƙaramin adadin mahalarta gwaji, Roskomnadzor a ƙarshensa na hukuma ya nuna rashin yuwuwar samun sakamako mara kyau game da ingancin samfurin Ideco Selecta ISP a matsayin hanyar iyakance damar yin amfani da albarkatun da aka haramta akan Intanet. ”

Bari in ƙara da cewa har zuwa 27 ma'aikatan sadarwa tare da lambobi daban-daban na masu biyan kuɗi daga gundumomin tarayya daban-daban na Tarayyar Rasha sun shiga cikin gwajin kowane samfurin software.

Za a iya samun sakamako na hukuma bisa sakamakon gwajin a nan. Waɗannan ƙarshe sun ƙunshi bayanan fasaha kusan sifili. Kuna iya karanta game da samfurin "Ideco Selecta ISP" don sanin abin da ba za ku yi ba.

Za a ci gaba da gwajin wannan shekara kuma a halin yanzu, yin la'akari da labarai daga Roskomnadzor, an riga an ɗauki samfurin guda ɗaya kuma 2 sun kasance a nan gaba.

Idan katange ya faru bisa kuskure fa?

A ƙarshe, Ina so in tunatar da ku cewa Roskomnadzor "ba ya yin kuskure," wanda Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta tabbatar.

Kudurin, wanda ya sauke Roskomnadzor yadda ya kamata daga alhakin toshe shafukan cikin kuskure, an amince da shi a matsayin wani bangare na la'akari da korafin da daraktan kungiyar masu buga labaran Intanet, Vladimir Kharitonov ya kai ga Kotun Tsarin Mulki. Ya ce a cikin Disamba 2012, Roskomnadzor ya yi kuskure ya toshe ɗakin karatu na kan layi digital-books.ru. Kamar yadda Mr. Kharitonov ya bayyana, albarkatunsa suna kan adireshin IP iri ɗaya kamar tashar tashar rastamantales (.) ru (yanzu rastamantales (.) com), wanda shine ainihin abin toshewa. Vladimir Kharitonov yayi kokarin daukaka karar hukuncin da Roskomnadzor ya yanke a kotu, amma a watan Yuni 2013 Kotun gundumar Tagansky ta amince da dakatarwar a matsayin doka, kuma a watan Satumba na 2013 kotun birnin Moscow ta amince da wannan shawarar.

Daga can:

Roskomnadzor ya shaida wa Kommersant cewa sun gamsu da hukuncin da kotun tsarin mulkin ta yanke. “Kotun tsarin mulki ta tabbatar da cewa Roskomnadzor yana aiwatar da dokar. Idan ma'aikacin ba shi da ikon fasaha don hana damar shiga wani shafi na daban na rukunin yanar gizon, kuma ba adireshin cibiyar sadarwarsa ba, to wannan shine alhakin ma'aikacin, "in ji sakataren yada labarai na sashen ga Kommersant.

Har ila yau, wannan batu yana da mahimmanci ga masu samar da girgije da kamfanoni masu karbar bakuncin, kamar yadda irin wannan lamari ya faru da su. A cikin watan Yunin 2016, an toshe sabis ɗin girgije na Amazon S3 a Rasha, kodayake kawai shafin dakin wasan poker na 888 wanda ke kan dandalin sa an haɗa shi cikin rajista bisa buƙatar Ma'aikatar Harajin Tarayya. Toshe duk albarkatun ya kasance daidai da gaskiyar cewa Amazon S3 yana amfani da amintacciyar yarjejeniya ta https, wacce ba ta ba da izinin toshe shafuka ɗaya ba. Sai dai bayan da Amazon da kansa ya share shafin da hukumomin Rasha suka yi korafi aka cire albarkatun daga rajistar.

source: www.habr.com