A'a, ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da aka raba (dapp) akan blockchain ba zai haifar da kasuwanci mai nasara ba. A gaskiya ma, yawancin masu amfani ba sa tunanin ko aikace-aikacen yana gudana akan blockchain - kawai suna zaɓar samfurin da ya fi arha, sauri da sauƙi.

Abin baƙin ciki, ko da blockchain yana da nasa fasali da fa'idodi na musamman, yawancin aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan sa sun fi tsada, a hankali, da rashin fahimta fiye da masu fafatawa.

Sau da yawa a cikin farar takarda na aikace-aikacen da aka gina akan blockchain, zaku iya samun sakin layi da ke cewa: "Tsarin blockchain yana da tsada kuma ba zai iya tallafawa adadin ma'amaloli da ake buƙata a sakan daya ba. zuwa lokacin da aikace-aikacenmu ya ƙaddamar zai zama mai girma sosai."

A cikin sakin layi ɗaya mai sauƙi, mai haɓaka dapp zai iya barin tattaunawa mai zurfi game da al'amuran haɓakawa da madadin hanyoyin magance matsaloli. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da tsarin gine-gine mara inganci inda kwangiloli masu wayo da ke gudana akan blockchain suna zama tushen baya da jigon aikace-aikacen.

Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai hanyoyin da ba a gwada su ba ga tsarin gine-ginen aikace-aikacen da ba su da tushe wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka mafi kyau ta hanyar rage dogaro ga blockchain. Misali, Blockstack yana aiki akan gine-gine inda aka adana yawancin bayanan aikace-aikacen da dabaru ba tare da sarkar ba.

Bari mu fara duban tsarin al'ada, wanda ke amfani da blockchain a matsayin tsaka-tsaki kai tsaye tsakanin masu amfani da aikace-aikacen, wanda kuma ba ya da girma musamman.

Hanyar #1: Blockchain azaman Baya

Domin fayyace al’amura, bari mu dauki masana’antar otal a matsayin misali. Wannan babbar masana'anta ce wacce masu shiga tsakani kamar Booking.com, suna cajin kuɗi mai yawa don haɗa baƙi da otal.

A kowane hali inda muke so mu kayar da irin wannan tsaka-tsaki ta yin amfani da wannan hanya, za mu yi ƙoƙari mu sake yin amfani da basirar kasuwancin ta ta amfani da kwangila masu kyau a kan blockchain kamar Ethereum.

Buɗe kwangiloli masu wayo da ke gudana akan "kwamfutar duniya" na iya haɗa 'yan kasuwa zuwa masu siye ba tare da wani ɓangare na uku a tsakani ba, a ƙarshe rage kudade da kwamitocin da masu shiga tsakani ke caji.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa, otal ɗin suna amfani da aikace-aikacen da ba a daidaita su ba don aikawa akan blockchain bayanai game da dakuna, samuwarsu da farashin su a ranakun mako ko ƙarshen mako, har ma da bayanin ɗakunan da duk sauran bayanan da suka dace.

Duk mai son yin ajiyar daki yana amfani da wannan aikace-aikacen don nemo otal-otal da dakunan da aka shirya akan blockchain. Da zarar mai amfani ya zaɓi ɗaki, ana yin ajiyar ta hanyar aika adadin alamun da ake buƙata zuwa otal ɗin azaman ajiya. Kuma a cikin martani, kwangilar wayo yana sabunta bayanan da ke cikin blockchain cewa lambar ba ta wanzu.

Akwai bangarorin biyu ga matsalar scalability tare da wannan hanyar. Na farko, matsakaicin adadin ma'amaloli a sakan daya. Na biyu, adadin bayanan da za a iya adanawa akan blockchain.

Bari mu yi wasu m lissafin. Booking.com ta ce suna da otal kusan miliyan 2 da suka yi rajista da su. Bari mu ce matsakaicin otal yana da dakuna 10 kuma kowannensu yana yin booking sau 20 kacal a shekara - hakan yana ba mu matsakaicin booking 13 a sakan daya.

Don sanya wannan lambar a cikin hangen zaman gaba, yana da kyau a lura cewa Ethereum na iya aiwatar da kusan ma'amaloli 15 a sakan daya.

Har ila yau, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa aikace-aikacenmu zai ƙunshi ma'amaloli daga otal-otal - don saukewa da sabunta bayanai akai-akai game da ɗakunan su. Otal-otal suna sabunta farashin daki akai-akai, wani lokacin har ma da kullun, kuma kowane farashi ko canjin bayanin yana buƙatar ma'amala akan blockchain.

Hakanan akwai batutuwa masu girma a nan - nauyin blockchain na Ethereum kwanan nan ya wuce alamar 2TB. Idan aikace-aikacen tare da wannan hanyar sun zama sanannen gaske, cibiyar sadarwar Ethereum zata zama mara ƙarfi sosai.

Irin wannan tsarin tushen blockchain zai iya keɓance na waje saboda rashin son kai da rashin daidaituwa, babban fa'idodin fasahar blockchain. Amma blockchain kuma yana da wasu siffofi - an rarraba shi kuma ba a sake rubuta shi ba, waɗannan halaye ne masu kyau, amma dole ne ku biya su a cikin sauri da kuma ƙaddamar da ma'amaloli.

Don haka, masu haɓaka dapp dole ne su tantance a hankali ko kowane fasalin da ke amfani da blockchain yana buƙatar rarrabawa da rashin rubutu.

Misali: menene fa'idar rarraba bayanan kowane otal a cikin ɗaruruwan injuna a duniya da adana su har abada? Shin yana da mahimmanci da gaske cewa bayanan tarihi akan ƙimar ɗaki da samuwa koyaushe ana haɗa su cikin blockchain? Wataƙila a'a.

Idan muka fara yin tambayoyi irin waɗannan, za mu fara ganin cewa ba lallai ba ne mu buƙaci duk fasalulluka masu tsada na blockchain don duk ayyukanmu. To, menene madadin?

Hanyar #2: Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Gine-gine na Blockstack

Ko da yake babban girmamawa Blockstack akan aikace-aikacen da masu amfani su ne masu mallakar bayanan su (misali, kamar Hanya, BentenSound, Mai inganta Hoto ko Graphite), blockstack kuma yana da falsafar amfani da blockchain a hankali - kawai lokacin da ya zama dole. Babban hujjar su ita ce blockchain yana jinkiri kuma yana da tsada, don haka yakamata a yi amfani da shi kawai don ma'amaloli guda ɗaya ko marasa yawa. Sauran hulɗar da aikace-aikace ya kamata ya faru ta hanyar tsara-da-tsara, watau. masu amfani da aikace-aikacen da aka raba su dole ne su raba bayanai kai tsaye tare da juna, maimakon ta hanyar blockchain. Bayan haka, an ƙirƙiri mafi dadewa kuma mafi nasara aikace-aikacen rarraba kamar BitTorrent, imel da Tor kafin manufar blockchain kanta.

Hagu: Hanyar farko, wanda masu amfani ke hulɗa ta hanyar blockchain. Dama: Masu amfani suna hulɗa kai tsaye da juna, kuma blockchain ana amfani dashi kawai don ganowa da makamantansu.

Mu koma misalin yin ajiyar otal. Muna son ƙa'idar rashin son kai, mai zaman kanta da buɗe yarjejeniya don haɗa baƙi tare da otal. A takaice dai, muna so mu cire tsakiyar tsakiya. Ba ma buƙatar, alal misali, don adana farashin ɗaki akai-akai a cikin littafin da aka rarraba.

Me ya sa ba za mu ƙyale baƙi da otal ɗin su yi hulɗa kai tsaye ba maimakon ta hanyar blockchain. Otal-otal za su iya adana farashinsu, dakunan dakunan da duk wani bayani a wani wuri inda kowa zai iya isa ga kowa - misali, IPFS, Amazon S3, ko ma sabar gida nasu. Wannan shine ainihin abin da Blockstack's decentralized ajiya tsarin ya kira Gaia. Yana ba masu amfani damar zaɓar inda suke son adana bayanan su da sarrafa wanda zai iya samun damar yin amfani da shi ta hanyar da ake kira ajiya mai amfani da yawa.

Don tabbatar da amana, duk bayanan otal ɗin otal ɗin ne da kansa ya sanya hannu a cikin cryptographically. Ko da kuwa inda aka adana wannan bayanan, ana iya tabbatar da amincinsa ta amfani da maɓallan jama'a da ke da alaƙa da ainihin otal ɗin da aka adana akan blockchain.

Game da Blockstack, bayanan sirri ne kawai ake adana akan blockchain. Ana adana bayanai kan yadda ake samun bayanan kowane mai amfani a cikin fayilolin yanki kuma ana rarraba su ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta tsara-zuwa ta hanyar amfani da nodes. Kuma a sake, ba kwa buƙatar amincewa da bayanan da nodes ɗin ke bayarwa, saboda kuna iya tabbatar da sahihancinsa ta hanyar kwatanta shi da hashes da aka adana a cikin blockchain da sauran masu amfani.

A cikin sauƙi na tsarin, baƙi za su yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta Blockstack peer-to-peer don nemo otal da samun bayanai game da ɗakunansu. Kuma ana iya tabbatar da sahihanci da amincin duk bayanan da kuke karɓa ta amfani da maɓallan jama'a da hashes da aka adana a ciki. kama-da-wane da'ira Blockstack.

Wannan gine-ginen ya fi rikitarwa fiye da tsarin farko kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki. A gaskiya ma, wannan shine ainihin inda Blockstack ya shigo, yana samar da duk abubuwan da suka dace don ƙirƙirar irin wannan tsarin da aka raba.

Tare da wannan gine-gine, muna adana bayanai ne kawai akan blockchain wanda da gaske yana buƙatar rarrabawa kuma ba a sake rubuta shi ba. Game da Blockstack, kawai kuna buƙatar ma'amala akan blockchain don yin rajista da nuna inda yakamata a adana bayanan ku. Kuna iya buƙatar yin ƙarin ma'amaloli idan kuna son canza kowane ɗayan waɗannan bayanan, amma wannan ba lamari ne mai maimaitawa ba.

Bugu da ƙari, ma'anar aikace-aikacen, ya bambanta da tsarin farko, yana gudana a gefen abokin ciniki kuma ba akan kwangilar basira ba. Wannan yana bawa mai haɓaka damar canza wannan dabaru ba tare da tsada ko wani lokacin ma yuwuwar sabunta kwangilar wayo ba. Kuma ta hanyar adana bayanan aikace-aikacen da kuma karkatar da hankali, aikace-aikacen da aka raba za su iya cimma ayyuka da matakan daidaitawa na tsarin tsakiya na gargajiya.

ƙarshe

Aikace-aikacen da ke gudana akan Blockstack na iya yin girma fiye da aikace-aikacen blockchain na al'ada, amma ƙaramin tsari ne tare da matsalolinsa da tambayoyin da ba a amsa ba.

Misali, idan aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba ba ya gudana akan kwangiloli masu wayo, to wannan yana rage buƙatar alamun amfani. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala ga 'yan kasuwa idan aka yi la'akari da cewa ICOs sun kasance babban tushen kudade don aikace-aikacen da ba a daidaita ba (ciki har da Blockstack kanta)

Akwai kuma matsalolin fasaha a nan. Misali, yana da sauƙin aiwatar da aikin ajiyar otal a cikin kwangilar wayo, inda a cikin aikin atomic, ana yin ajiyar ɗaki don musanya alamu. Kuma ba a bayyana sosai yadda yin booking zai yi aiki a cikin aikace-aikacen Blockstack ba tare da kwangiloli masu wayo ba.

Aikace-aikacen da ke nufin kasuwannin duniya tare da yuwuwar miliyoyin masu amfani dole ne su yi girma sosai don samun nasara. Kuskure ne don dogara kawai akan blockchain don cimma wannan matakin na scalability a nan gaba. Don samun damar yin gasa tare da manyan ƴan wasan kasuwa kamar Booking.com, masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen da aka raba su yakamata suyi la'akari da wasu hanyoyin da za a tsara aikace-aikacen su, kamar wanda Blockstack ke bayarwa.

source: www.habr.com