Za a gudanar da bikin IT a St. Petersburg a wannan makon . Daya daga cikin masu magana zai kasance Richard Stallman. Har ila yau yana halartar bikin, kuma ba shakka ba za mu iya yin watsi da batun software na kyauta ba. Shi yasa aka kira daya daga cikin rahotanninmu . Za a sadaukar da shi ga tarihin ci gaban Embox a matsayin aikin buɗaɗɗen tushe. A cikin wannan labarin Ina so in yi magana game da manyan ra'ayoyin da, a ganina, rinjayar ci gaban ayyukan budewa. Labarin, kamar rahoton, ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewar mutum.
Bari mu fara da wani abu mai sauƙi, tare da ma'anar kalmar opensource. Babu shakka, buɗaɗɗen aikin aiki ne wanda ke da ɗaya daga cikin lasisin da ke ba da damar shiga lambar tushe na aikin. Bugu da ƙari, aikin buɗewa yana nufin cewa masu haɓaka ɓangare na uku na iya yin canje-canje. Wato, idan wani kamfani ko mai haɓakawa ya buga lambar lambar samfurinsa, wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya, wannan bai riga ya mai da wannan samfurin aikin buɗe ido ba. Kuma a ƙarshe, duk wani aikin aikin dole ne ya haifar da wani nau'i na sakamako, kuma buɗewar aikin yana nuna cewa wannan sakamakon yana amfani da shi ba kawai ta masu haɓakawa ba.
Ba za mu taɓa matsalolin buɗaɗɗen lasisi ba. Wannan babban batu ne kuma mai sarkakiya da ke bukatar bincike mai zurfi. An rubuta kasidu masu kyau da kayan aiki akan wannan batu. Amma tun da ni kaina ba ƙwararre ba ne a fannin haƙƙin mallaka, zan ce kawai lasisin ya cika burin aikin. Misali, don Embox zaɓin BSD maimakon lasisin GPL ba na haɗari ba ne.
Gaskiyar cewa aikin budewa ya kamata ya ba da damar yin canje-canje da kuma tasiri ga ci gaban aikin budewa yana nuna cewa an rarraba aikin. Gudanar da shi, kiyaye mutunci da aiki yana da wahala sosai idan aka kwatanta da aikin tare da gudanarwa na tsakiya. Tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso: me yasa ake buɗe ayyukan kwata-kwata? Amsar ta ta'allaka ne a fagen yuwuwar kasuwanci; ga wasu nau'ikan ayyuka, fa'idodin wannan hanyar sun fi tsadar kuɗi. Wato, bai dace da duk ayyukan ba kuma ana yarda da tsarin buɗe ido gabaɗaya. Alal misali, yana da wuya a yi tunanin haɓaka tsarin sarrafawa don tashar wutar lantarki ko jirgin sama bisa ga buɗaɗɗen ka'ida. A'a, ba shakka, irin wannan tsarin ya kamata ya haɗa da kayayyaki bisa ga ayyukan budewa, saboda wannan zai ba da dama ga dama. Amma dole ne wani ya zama alhakin samfurin ƙarshe. Ko da tsarin gaba daya ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin bude ayyukan, mai haɓakawa, bayan ya tattara komai a cikin tsarin ɗaya kuma ya yi takamaiman gini da saitunan, da gaske yana rufe shi. Ana iya samun lambar a fili.
Hakanan akwai fa'idodi da yawa ga waɗannan tsarin daga ƙirƙira ko ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan buɗe ido. Kamar yadda na fada, lambar tsarin ƙarshe na iya kasancewa a bayyane. Me ya sa, saboda a bayyane yake cewa ba zai yiwu kowa ya sami jirgin sama ɗaya don gwada tsarin ba. Wannan gaskiya ne, amma ana iya samun wanda ke son bincika wasu sassan lambar, ko kuma, alal misali, wani yana iya gano cewa ɗakin karatu da ake amfani da shi ba a tsara shi daidai ba.
Wani fa'ida mafi girma yana bayyana idan kamfani ya ware wasu mahimman ɓangaren tsarin zuwa wani aiki na daban. Misali, ɗakin karatu don tallafawa wani nau'in ƙa'idar musayar bayanai. A wannan yanayin, ko da ƙa'idar ta keɓance ga wani yanki da aka ba da shi, zaku iya raba farashin kiyaye wannan yanki na tsarin tare da wasu kamfanoni daga wannan yanki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun da za su iya nazarin wannan yanki na tsarin a cikin jama'a suna buƙatar lokaci mai yawa don amfani da shi yadda ya kamata. Kuma a ƙarshe, raba wani yanki zuwa wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wanda masu haɓakawa na ɓangare na uku ke amfani da su yana ba mu damar inganta wannan ɓangaren, saboda muna buƙatar bayar da APIs masu tasiri, ƙirƙirar takardun shaida, kuma ban ma magana game da inganta ɗaukar hoto ba.
Kamfanin na iya samun fa'idodin kasuwanci ba tare da ƙirƙirar ayyukan buɗe ido ba; ya isa ƙwararrunsa su shiga cikin ayyukan ɓangare na uku da ake amfani da su a cikin kamfanin. Bayan haka, duk fa'idodin sun kasance: ma'aikata sun san aikin da kyau, saboda haka suna amfani da shi sosai, kamfanin na iya yin tasiri ga jagorancin ci gaban aikin, kuma yin amfani da shirye-shiryen da aka ƙera, lambar cirewa a fili yana rage farashin kamfanin.
Amfanin ƙirƙirar ayyukan buɗewa ba su ƙare a nan ba. Bari mu dauki irin wannan muhimmin bangaren kasuwanci kamar tallace-tallace. A gare shi, wannan babban akwati ne mai kyau wanda ke ba shi damar kimanta bukatun kasuwa yadda ya kamata.
Kuma ba shakka, kada mu manta cewa aikin buɗe tushen hanya ce mai inganci don ayyana kanku a matsayin mai ɗaukar kowane ƙwarewa. A wasu lokuta, wannan ita ce kawai hanyar shiga kasuwa. Misali, Embox ya fara azaman aikin ƙirƙirar RTOS. Wataƙila babu buƙatar bayyana cewa akwai masu fafatawa da yawa. Idan ba tare da ƙirƙirar al'umma ba, da ba za mu sami isassun albarkatun da za mu iya kawo aikin ga masu amfani da ƙarshen ba, wato, masu haɓaka ɓangare na uku su fara amfani da aikin.
Al'umma mabuɗi ne a cikin aikin buɗe tushen. Yana ba ku damar rage yawan farashin sarrafa ayyukan, haɓakawa da tallafawa aikin. Za mu iya cewa idan ba tare da al'umma ba babu wani aikin budewa kwata-kwata.
An rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da yadda ake ƙirƙira da sarrafa al'ummar aikin buɗe tushen. Don kar in sake faɗi ainihin abubuwan da aka sani, zan yi ƙoƙarin mayar da hankali kan ƙwarewar Embox. Misali, tsarin samar da al’umma abu ne mai matukar ban sha’awa. Wato, da yawa suna faɗin yadda ake gudanar da al'umma da ke wanzuwa, amma a wasu lokuta ana yin watsi da lokacin ƙirƙirar ta, idan aka yi la'akari da hakan.
Babban doka lokacin ƙirƙirar al'umman aikin buɗe tushen shine cewa babu ƙa'idodi. Ina nufin babu ƙa'idodin duniya, kamar yadda babu harsashi na azurfa, idan dai saboda ayyukan sun bambanta sosai. Yana da wuya ku iya amfani da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya lokacin ƙirƙirar al'umma don ɗakin karatu na shiga js da wasu ƙwararrun direba. Bugu da ƙari, a matakai daban-daban na ci gaban aikin (sabili da haka al'umma), dokoki sun canza.
Embox ya fara ne azaman aikin ɗalibi saboda yana da damar samun ɗalibai daga sashin shirye-shiryen tsarin. A gaskiya ma, muna shiga wasu al'umma. Za mu iya sha'awar mahalarta wannan al'umma, dalibai, a cikin kyakkyawan aikin masana'antu a cikin sana'a, aikin kimiyya a fagen shirye-shiryen tsarin, aikin kwas da difloma. Wato, mun bi ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin tsara al'umma: dole ne membobin al'umma su karɓi wani abu, kuma wannan farashin dole ne ya dace da gudummawar ɗan takara.
Mataki na gaba na Embox shine binciken masu amfani na ɓangare na uku. Yana da matukar mahimmanci a fahimci cewa masu amfani cikakken mahalarta ne a cikin al'ummar buɗe ido. Yawanci akwai ƙarin masu amfani fiye da masu haɓakawa. Kuma don son zama masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin, sun fara amfani da shi ta wata hanya ko wata.
Wadanda suka fara amfani da Embox sune Sashen Ka'idar Cybernetics. Sun ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar madadin firmware don Lego Mindstorm. Kuma ko da yake waɗannan har yanzu masu amfani da gida ne (za mu iya saduwa da su a cikin mutum mu tattauna abin da suke so). Amma har yanzu kwarewa ce mai kyau. Alal misali, mun ƙirƙiri demos waɗanda za a iya nunawa ga wasu, saboda mutum-mutumi suna da daɗi kuma suna jan hankali. Sakamakon haka, mun sami ainihin masu amfani na ɓangare na uku waɗanda suka fara tambayar menene Embox da yadda ake amfani da shi.
A wannan mataki, dole ne mu yi tunani game da takardu, game da hanyoyin sadarwa tare da masu amfani. A’a, ba shakka, mun yi tunani game da waɗannan abubuwa masu muhimmanci a da, amma bai kai ba kuma bai ba da sakamako mai kyau ba. Tasirin ya kasance mara kyau. Bari in baku misalai guda biyu. Mun yi amfani da googlecode, wanda wiki ya goyi bayan yawan harsuna. Mun ƙirƙira shafuka a cikin yaruka da yawa, ba Ingilishi da Rashanci kaɗai ba, waɗanda ba za mu iya sadarwa ba, har ma da Jamusanci da Sifen. A sakamakon haka, ya zama abin ban dariya idan aka tambaye shi a cikin waɗannan harsuna, amma ba za mu iya ba da amsa ko kaɗan ba. Ko kuma sun gabatar da dokoki game da rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce da yin sharhi, amma tun da API ɗin ya canza sau da yawa kuma yana da mahimmanci, ya nuna cewa takardunmu sun tsufa kuma sun fi yaudara fiye da yadda ya taimaka.
A sakamakon haka, duk ƙoƙarinmu, har ma da kuskure, ya haifar da bayyanar masu amfani da waje. Kuma ko da abokin ciniki ya bayyana wanda yake son a samar masa da nasa RTOS. Kuma mun inganta shi ne saboda muna da gogewa da wasu ayyuka. Anan kuna buƙatar yin magana game da lokuta masu kyau da mara kyau. Zan fara da marasa kyau. Tun da yawancin masu haɓakawa sun shiga cikin wannan aikin ta hanyar kasuwanci, al'umma sun riga sun kasance marasa kwanciyar hankali da rarrabuwa, wanda ba shakka ba zai iya shafar ci gaban aikin ba. Wani ƙarin abu shine cewa abokin ciniki ɗaya ne ya tsara alkiblar aikin, kuma manufarsa ba shine ci gaban aikin ba. Akalla wannan ba shine babban burin ba.
A gefe guda kuma, akwai abubuwa masu kyau da yawa. Mun sami ainihin masu amfani na ɓangare na uku. Ba kawai abokin ciniki ba, har ma da waɗanda aka yi nufin wannan tsarin. Sha'awar shiga cikin aikin ya karu. Bayan haka, idan kuna iya samun kuɗi daga kasuwanci mai ban sha'awa, yana da kyau koyaushe. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, mun ji sha'awar daya daga abokan ciniki, wanda a wancan lokacin ya zama kamar mahaukaci a gare mu, amma yanzu shine babban ra'ayi na Embox, wato, don amfani da lambar da aka rigaya a cikin tsarin. Yanzu babban ra'ayin Embox shine amfani da software na Linux ba tare da Linux ba. Wato babban abin da ya dace da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban aikin shi ne fahimtar cewa wasu masu amfani da aikin ne ke amfani da shi, kuma ya kamata ya magance wasu matsalolinsu.
A lokacin, Embox ya riga ya wuce iyakar aikin ɗalibi. Babban abin iyakancewa a cikin ci gaban aikin bisa ga ƙirar ɗalibi shine ƙarfafawar mahalarta. Dalibai suna shiga yayin da suke karatu, kuma idan sun kammala karatun, yakamata a sami wani dalili na daban. Idan dalili bai bayyana ba, ɗalibin ya daina shiga aikin kawai. Idan muka yi la’akari da cewa da farko dalibai suna bukatar a horar da su, zai zama cewa sun zama ƙwararrun ƙwararru a lokacin da suka kammala karatunsu, amma gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga aikin, saboda rashin ƙwarewa, ba ta da yawa.
Gabaɗaya, muna ci gaba cikin kwanciyar hankali zuwa babban batun da ke ba mu damar yin magana game da ƙirƙirar aikin buɗe tushen - ƙirƙirar samfurin da zai magance matsalolin masu amfani da shi. Kamar yadda na bayyana a sama, babban kayan aikin buɗaɗɗen aiki shine al'ummarsa. Bugu da ƙari, membobin al'umma sune masu amfani da farko. Amma daga ina suke fitowa lokacin da babu abin da za a yi amfani da su? Don haka ya bayyana cewa, kamar dai tare da aikin da ba na buɗewa ba, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar MVP (samfurin mafi ƙarancin aiki), kuma idan yana sha'awar masu amfani, to, al'umma za ta bayyana a kusa da aikin. Idan kun tsunduma cikin ƙirƙirar al'umma kawai ta hanyar PR na al'umma, rubuta wiki a cikin duk yarukan duniya, ko daidaita aikin git akan github, to wannan ba shi yiwuwa a sami matsala a farkon matakan aikin. Tabbas, a matakan da suka dace waɗannan ba kawai mahimmanci ba ne, amma har ma abubuwan da suka dace.
A ƙarshe ina so in yi nuni , a ra'ayina, yana nuna tsammanin masu amfani daga aikin buɗe tushen:
Ina tunani sosai game da canzawa zuwa wannan OS (aƙalla gwadawa. Suna bin sa sosai kuma suna yin abubuwa masu kyau).
PS Ku Za mu sami rahotanni kamar uku. Daya game da buɗaɗɗen tushe da biyu game da shigar (kuma ɗayan yana da amfani). A wurin tsayawa za mu gudanar da babban aji akan shirye-shiryen microcontrollers ta amfani da . Kamar yadda muka saba, za mu kawo kayan aikin mu ba ku damar tsara shi. Za a kuma yi nema da sauran ayyuka. Ku zo bikin da tsayawarmu, zai yi nishadi.
source: www.habr.com