Wannan labarin ya shafi yadda zane-zane ke aiki a cikin Linux da kuma abubuwan da ya ƙunshi. Ya ƙunshi hotunan kariyar kwamfuta da yawa na aiwatarwa daban-daban na mahallin tebur.
Idan da gaske ba ku bambance tsakanin KDE da GNOME ba, ko kuna yi amma kuna son sanin menene sauran hanyoyin da akwai, to wannan labarin na ku ne. Yana da wani bayyani, kuma ko da yake ya ƙunshi da yawa sunaye da ƴan sharuɗɗa, kayan kuma zai kasance da amfani ga masu farawa da waɗanda kawai ke kallon Linux.
Maudu'in na iya zama mai ban sha'awa ga masu amfani da suka ci gaba yayin kafa hanyar shiga nesa da aiwatar da abokin ciniki na bakin ciki. Sau da yawa ina saduwa da masu amfani da Linux masu gogewa tare da maganganun "akwai layin umarni kawai akan sabar, kuma ba na shirin yin nazarin zane-zane daki-daki, tunda ana buƙatar wannan duka ga masu amfani na yau da kullun." Amma har ma masana Linux sun yi mamaki sosai kuma suna farin cikin gano zaɓin "-X" don umarnin ssh (kuma don wannan yana da amfani don fahimtar aiki da ayyuka na uwar garken X).
Ina koyar da darussan Linux kusan shekaru 15 a "“kuma na tabbata da yawa daga cikin mutane sama da dubu biyar da na horar da su suna karantawa da kuma iya rubuta labarai kan Habr. Kwasa-kwasan koyaushe suna da ƙarfi sosai (matsakaicin lokacin karatun shine kwanaki biyar); kuna buƙatar rufe batutuwan da ke buƙatar aƙalla kwanaki goma don fahimta sosai. Kuma ko da yaushe a lokacin kwas, dangane da masu sauraro (sabbin da suka taru ko ƙwararrun masu gudanarwa), da kuma kan "tambayoyi daga masu sauraro," Na zaɓi abin da zan isar da shi dalla-dalla da abin da ya fi dacewa, don sadaukar da ƙarin. lokacin yin umarni da kayan aikin layin umarni da aikace-aikacen su masu amfani. Akwai isassun batutuwa irin wannan waɗanda ke buƙatar sadaukarwa kaɗan. Waɗannan su ne "Tarihin Linux", "Bambance-bambance a cikin rarraba Linux", "Game da lasisi: GPL, BSD, ...", "Game da zane-zane da mahallin tebur" (jigon wannan labarin), da dai sauransu. Ba wai ba haka ba ne. mahimmanci, amma yawanci akwai tambayoyi da yawa masu latsa "nan da yanzu" kuma kusan kwanaki biyar kawai ... Duk da haka, don fahimtar mahimmancin tushen Linux OS, fahimtar bambancin da ke akwai (don ko da yin amfani da takamaiman takamaiman. Rarraba Linux, har yanzu kuna da fa'ida mai fa'ida game da wannan babbar kuma faffadar duniyar da ake kira "Linux"), nazarin waɗannan batutuwa yana da amfani kuma ya zama dole.
Yayin da labarin ke ci gaba, na samar da hanyoyin haɗin kai ga kowane bangare ga waɗanda suke so su zurfafa zurfi cikin batun, alal misali, zuwa labaran Wikipedia (yayin da yake nunawa ga cikakken / mai amfani idan akwai labaran Turanci da Rashanci).
Don misalan asali da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta na yi amfani da rarraba openSUSE. Ana iya amfani da duk wata rarraba ta al'umma, muddin akwai tarin fakiti a cikin ma'ajiyar. Yana da wahala, amma ba zai yiwu ba, don nuna nau'ikan ƙirar tebur akan rarraba kasuwanci, saboda galibi suna amfani da ɗaya ko biyu kawai daga cikin sanannun wuraren tebur. Ta wannan hanyar, masu haɓakawa sun taƙaita aikin sakin barga, OS mai lalacewa. A kan wannan tsarin na shigar da duk DM/DE/WM (bayanin waɗannan sharuɗɗan da ke ƙasa) waɗanda na samo a cikin ma'ajin.
An ɗauki hotunan allo tare da “firam ɗin shuɗi” akan openSUSE.
Na ɗauki hotunan kariyar kwamfuta tare da "fararen firam" akan sauran rabawa, ana nuna su a cikin hoton.
An ɗauki hotunan allo tare da “firam ɗin launin toka” daga Intanet, a matsayin misalan ƙirar tebur daga shekarun baya.
Don haka, bari mu fara.
Babban abubuwan da suka hada da zane-zane
Zan haskaka manyan abubuwa guda uku kuma in jera su cikin tsarin da aka ƙaddamar da su a farkon tsarin:
- DM (Mai sarrafa Nuni);
- Nuni Server;
- DE (Yanayin Desktop).
Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin mahimman ƙa'idodi na Muhalli na Desktop:
- Manajan Apps / Launcher/Switcher (Maɓallin Fara);
- WM (Mai sarrafa Window);
- Daban-daban software masu zuwa tare da yanayin tebur.
Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai akan kowane batu.
DM (Mai sarrafa nuni)
Aikace-aikacen farko da ke buɗewa lokacin da ka fara "graphics" shine DM (Mai sarrafa nuni), mai sarrafa nuni. Babban ayyukansa:
- tambayi masu amfani don ba da izinin shiga cikin tsarin, nemi bayanan tantancewa (kalmar sirri, sawun yatsa);
- zaɓi yanayin yanayin tebur da za ku gudanar.
A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin rabawa daban-daban:
- (mamaye ),
- ,
- ,
- .
- Hakanan zaka iya ambaton Fly-DM (amfani da AstraLinux).
Jerin abubuwan DM ɗin da ke akwai ana kiyaye su har zuwa yau a ciki
Yana da kyau a lura cewa hotunan kariyar kwamfuta masu zuwa suna amfani da manajan nuni na LightDM iri ɗaya, amma a cikin rarrabawa daban-daban (an nuna sunayen rarraba a cikin ƙididdiga). Dubi yadda daban-daban wannan DM zai iya duba godiya ga aikin masu zane-zane daga rarrabawa daban-daban.
Babban abin da ke cikin wannan bambancin shine a fayyace cewa akwai aikace-aikacen da ke da alhakin ƙaddamar da zane-zane da ba da damar mai amfani don samun damar yin amfani da waɗannan zane-zane, kuma akwai nau'o'in aiwatar da wannan aikace-aikacen daban-daban da suka bambanta da bayyanar da dan kadan a cikin ayyuka (zaɓi na muhallin ƙira, zaɓi na masu amfani, sigar don masu amfani mara kyau, samun damar shiga nesa ta hanyar yarjejeniya ).
Nuni Server
Nuni Server wani nau'in tushe ne na zane-zane, babban aikin shi shine yin aiki tare da katin bidiyo, saka idanu da na'urorin shigarwa daban-daban (keyboard, linzamin kwamfuta, touchpads). Wato aikace-aikacen (misali, masarrafa ko editan rubutu) da aka fassara a cikin “graphics” ba ya buƙatar sanin yadda ake aiki da na’urori kai tsaye, kuma baya buƙatar sanin direbobi. Window X yana kula da wannan duka.
Lokacin magana game da Nuni Server, shekaru da yawa a cikin Linux, har ma a cikin Unix, ana nufin aikace-aikacen ko a harshen gama gari X (X).
Yanzu yawancin rabawa suna maye gurbin X .
Hakanan zaka iya karanta:
- ,
- ,
- (ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen hoto daga nesa, misali ta amfani da PuTTY).
Da farko, bari mu ƙaddamar da X's da aikace-aikacen hoto da yawa a cikinsu.
Taron bitar "Gudanar da X da aikace-aikace a ciki"
Zan yi komai daga sabon mai amfani da webinaruser da aka kirkira (zai zama mafi sauƙi, amma ba mafi aminci ba, don yin komai a matsayin tushen).
- Tun da X yana buƙatar samun dama ga na'urori, na ba da dama: An ƙayyade jerin na'urori ta hanyar kallon kurakurai lokacin fara X a cikin log ɗin (/home/webinaruser/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.77.log)
% sudo setfacl -m u:webinaruser:rw /dev/tty8 /dev/dri/card0 /dev/fb0 /dev/input/*
- Bayan haka, na ƙaddamar da X's:
% X -retro :77 vt8 &
Zaɓuɓɓuka: * -retro - ƙaddamar da bangon al'ada "launin toka", kuma ba tare da baki azaman tsoho ba; * :77 - Na saita (kowane cikin kewayon da ya dace yana yiwuwa, kawai: 0 yana yiwuwa ya riga ya shagaltar da shi ta hanyar zane mai gudana) lambar allo, a zahiri wani nau'in ganowa na musamman wanda ta hanyarsa za'a iya bambanta Xs masu gudana da yawa; * vt8 - yana nuna tashar tashar, anan /dev/tty8, wanda za'a nuna X's).
- Kaddamar da aikace-aikacen hoto:
Don yin wannan, mun fara saita mabambanta wanda aikace-aikacen zai fahimci wane daga cikin Xs na ke gudana don aika abin da ya kamata a zana:
% export DISPLAY=":77"
Kuna iya duba lissafin Xs masu gudana kamar haka:
ps -fwwC X
Bayan mun saita canjin, zamu iya ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace a cikin Xs ɗin mu - alal misali, na ƙaddamar da agogo:
% xclock -update 1 &
% xcalc &
% xeyes -g 200x150-300+50 &
Babban ra'ayoyi da ƙarshe daga wannan guntu:
- X yana buƙatar samun dama ga na'urori: tasha, katin bidiyo, na'urorin shigarwa,
- Xs da kansu ba sa nuna wani abu mai mu'amala - launin toka ne (idan tare da zaɓin "--retro") ko zanen baki na wasu masu girma dabam (misali, 1920x1080 ko 1024x768) don gudanar da aikace-aikacen hoto a ciki.
- Motsi na "giciye" yana nuna cewa Xs suna bin matsayin linzamin kwamfuta kuma suna watsa wannan bayanin zuwa aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a ciki.
- Hakanan X yana kama maɓallan maɓalli akan madannai kuma suna aika wannan bayanin zuwa aikace-aikace.
- Maɓallin DISPLAY yana faɗar aikace-aikacen hoto a cikin waɗanne allo (ana ƙaddamar da kowane X tare da lambar allo na musamman yayin farawa), don haka a cikin waɗancan waɗanda ke aiki akan injina, X's ɗin zasu buƙaci zana. (Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙayyade na'ura mai nisa a cikin wannan ma'auni kuma aika fitarwa zuwa Xs da ke gudana akan wani na'ura akan hanyar sadarwa.) Tun da Xs an ƙaddamar da shi ba tare da zaɓi na -auth ba, babu buƙatar yin hulɗa da ma'anar XAUTHORITY ko xhost. umarni.
- Aikace-aikacen zane (ko kamar yadda abokan ciniki X suke kiran su) ana yin su a cikin X's - ba tare da ikon matsawa / rufe / canza su "-g (Nisa) x (Mai tsayi)+ (OffsetFromLeftEdge)+ (OffsetFromTopEdge)". Tare da alamar ragi, bi da bi, daga dama kuma daga gefen ƙasa.
- Sharuɗɗa biyu waɗanda ya kamata a ambata: X-server (wanda ake kira X's) da X-clients (shine ake kiran duk wani aikace-aikacen hoto da ke aiki a cikin X). Akwai ɗan ruɗani a cikin fahimtar wannan ƙamus; da yawa sun fahimce shi daidai akasin haka. A cikin yanayin lokacin da na haɗa daga "na'urar abokin ciniki" (a cikin kalmomin shiga nesa) zuwa "uwar garken" (a cikin kalmomin shiga nesa) don nuna aikace-aikacen hoto daga uwar garken akan na'ura na, sa'an nan uwar garken X ta fara akan injin inda na'urar duba (wato akan "na'urar abokin ciniki", ba akan "uwar garken") ba, kuma abokan ciniki X suna farawa kuma suna aiki akan "uwar garken", kodayake ana nuna su akan na'urar saka idanu na "na'urar abokin ciniki".
Abubuwan DE
Na gaba, bari mu kalli abubuwan da galibi ke yin tebur.
Abubuwan DE: Maɓallin Fara da Taskbar
Bari mu fara da abin da ake kira "Fara" button. Sau da yawa wannan keɓaɓɓen applet ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin "Taskbar". Hakanan ana samun applet don canzawa tsakanin aikace-aikacen da ke gudana.
Bayan na kalli mahallin tebur daban-daban, zan taƙaita irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen a ƙarƙashin sunan gama gari “Apps Manager (Launcher/Switcher)”, wato, kayan aiki don sarrafa aikace-aikacen (ƙaddamarwa da sauyawa tsakanin masu gudana), sannan kuma na nuna utilities waɗanda suke misalin irin wannan aikace-aikacen .
- Ya zo a cikin hanyar "Fara" button a kan classic (duk tsawon daya daga cikin gefuna na allo) "Taskbar":
○ xfce4-panel,
○ mate-panel/gnome-panel,
○ babban panel,
○ tint2. - Hakanan zaka iya samun daban-daban "Taskbar mai siffar MacOS" (ba cikakken tsayin gefen allon ba), kodayake yawancin sandunan ɗawainiya na iya bayyana a cikin salo biyu. Anan, maimakon haka, babban bambanci na gani ne kawai - kasancewar “tasirin haɓaka hoto akan hover.”
○ daki,
○ latte-dock,
○ Cairo-dock,
○ katako. - Kuma/Ko sabis ɗin da ke ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace lokacin da kake danna hotkeys (a cikin mahallin tebur da yawa, ana buƙatar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in kuma yana ba ka damar saita maɓallin hotkey naka):
○ sxhkd.
- Hakanan akwai nau'ikan menu-kamar “masu ƙaddamarwa” (daga Ƙaddamarwar Turanci (kaddamar)):
○ dmenu-gudu,
○ rofi - show bugu,
○ Albert,
○ gunaguni.
Abubuwan DE: WM (Mai sarrafa Window)
WM (Mai sarrafa Window) - aikace-aikacen da ke da alhakin sarrafa windows, yana ƙara ikon zuwa:
- motsi windows kusa da tebur (ciki har da daidaitaccen ɗaya tare da riƙe maɓallin Alt akan kowane ɓangaren taga, ba kawai sandar take ba);
- canza girman windows, alal misali, ta hanyar jan “firam ɗin taga”;
- yana ƙara " take" da maɓalli don ragewa / haɓakawa / rufe aikace-aikacen zuwa ƙirar taga;
- manufar wane aikace-aikace ne a cikin "mayar da hankali".
Zan jera mafi sanannun (a cikin bakan gizo na nuna wanne DE ake amfani da shi ta tsohuwa):
- (GNOME3)
- (Mate)
- (GNOME2)
- (Kinnamon)
- (KDE), da
- (XFCE),
- .
Zan kuma lissafa "tsohuwar WM tare da abubuwan DE". Wadancan. ban da mai sarrafa taga, suna da abubuwa kamar maɓallin “Fara” da “Taskbar”, waɗanda suka fi kama da cikakken DE. Ko da yake, yaya "tsofaffin" suke idan duka IceWM da WindowMaker sun riga sun fitar da sabbin sigar su a cikin 2020. Ya bayyana cewa ya fi dacewa ba "tsohuwar" ba, amma "tsofaffin zamani":
- ,
- ,
- , , , ,
- ...
Baya ga "classic" ("masu sarrafa taga"), yana da daraja ambaton musamman , wanda ke ba ka damar sanya windows “tiiled” a duk faɗin allo, da kuma wasu aikace-aikacen tebur daban don kowane aikace-aikacen da aka ƙaddamar akan gabaɗayan allo. Wannan shi ne ɗan sabon abu ga mutanen da ba su yi amfani da su a da ba, amma tun da ni kaina na daɗe da amfani da irin wannan kewayon, zan iya cewa ya dace sosai kuma da sauri ku saba da irin wannan keɓancewa, bayan haka. Masu sarrafa taga "classic" ba su da kama da dacewa.
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- qtile,
- bspwm,
- ganye,
- ...
- tagwaye
- .
Aikin kuma ya cancanci ambaton daban da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar "Mai sarrafa Window Mai Haɗa", wanda ke amfani da damar haɓaka kayan aiki don nuna bayyana gaskiya, inuwa, da tasirin abubuwa uku daban-daban. Kimanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata an sami bunƙasa cikin tasirin 3D akan kwamfutocin Linux. A zamanin yau, da yawa daga cikin manajan taga da aka gina a cikin DE suna yin amfani da wani yanki na iya haɗakarwa. Ya bayyana kwanan nan - samfur mai irin wannan aiki zuwa Compiz for Wayland.
Hakanan ana iya samun cikakken jerin masu sarrafa taga daban-daban a ciki .
Abubuwan DE: hutawa
Hakanan yana da kyau a lura da abubuwan haɗin tebur masu zuwa (a nan na yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun kalmomin Ingilishi don bayyana nau'in aikace-aikacen - waɗannan ba sunayen aikace-aikacen da kansu ba):
- Applets:
- Software (Kit ɗin kayan aikin widget) - galibi ana ba da takamaiman “mafi ƙarancin saiti” na software tare da mahalli:
DE (Yanayin Desktop)
Daga abubuwan da ke sama, ana samun abin da ake kira "Muhalin Ƙirƙirar Desktop". Sau da yawa ana haɓaka duk abubuwan da ke cikinsa ta amfani da ɗakunan karatu iri ɗaya da amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙira iri ɗaya. Don haka, aƙalla, ana kiyaye salon gaba ɗaya don bayyanar aikace-aikacen.
Anan za mu iya haskaka mahallin tebur ɗin da ke a halin yanzu:
GNOME da KDE ana la'akari da su na kowa, kuma XFCE yana kusa da dugadugan su.
Ana iya samun kwatanta sigogi daban-daban a cikin nau'i na tebur a cikin daidai .
DE iri-iri
Akwai ma irin waɗannan misalai masu ban sha'awa daga tarihi: a cikin 2003-2007, an yi "ƙirar tebur na 3D" don Linux tare da sunan "Gilashin Neman Aikin" daga Sun. Ni kaina na yi amfani da wannan tebur ɗin, ko kuma a maimakon haka “na yi wasa” da shi, saboda yana da wahalar amfani. An rubuta wannan "tsarin 3D" a cikin Java a lokacin da babu katunan bidiyo tare da goyon bayan 3D. Saboda haka, duk abubuwan da na'urar sarrafa ta sake ƙididdige su, kuma dole ne kwamfutar ta kasance mai ƙarfi sosai, in ba haka ba komai yana aiki a hankali. Amma ya juya da kyau. Za a iya jujjuya fale-falen fale-falen aikace-aikace masu girma uku. Yana yiwuwa a juya a cikin Silinda na tebur tare da fuskar bangon waya daga panorama mai digiri 360. Akwai kyawawan aikace-aikace da yawa: misali, sauraron kiɗa ta hanyar "canza CDs", da sauransu. Kuna iya kallon ta a YouTube. game da wannan aikin, ingancin waɗannan bidiyon ne kawai za su yi rauni, tun da a waɗannan shekarun ba a yiwuwa a loda bidiyo masu inganci.
Tebur mai nauyi. Aikin ya wanzu na dogon lokaci, tun 1996. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya kasance sananne sosai, sabanin KDE da GNOME mafi nauyi, akan yawancin rarrabawa waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙirar tebur mai nauyi da "classic". Yana da saitunan da yawa da adadi mai yawa na shirye-shiryensa: m (xfce4-terminal), mai sarrafa fayil (thunar), mai duba hoto (ristretto), editan rubutu (mousepad).
Ana amfani da shi a cikin Rarraba OS na Elementary. Anan zamu iya cewa akwai "tebur" waɗanda aka haɓaka kuma ana amfani da su a cikin rarraba guda ɗaya kuma ba a yi amfani da su da yawa (idan ba a yi amfani da su ba kwata-kwata) a cikin sauran rabawa. Aƙalla har yanzu ba su sami farin jini ba kuma sun gamsar da mafi yawan masu sauraron fa'idar hanyarsu. Pantheon yana da niyyar gina keɓance mai kama da macOS.
Zabin tare da dock panel:
Mai da hankali mai ƙarfi akan tasirin hoto da widgets (daga kwanakin da sauran mahallin tebur ba su da widget ɗin tebur kamar kalanda/ agogo). Yana amfani da nasa dakunan karatu. Akwai babban saiti na aikace-aikacen "kyakkyawan" nasa: m (Terminology), mai kunna bidiyo (Rage), mai duba hoto (Ephoto).
Wannan cokali mai yatsa ne na Haskaka17, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin rarrabawar BodhiLinux.
Da farko, ƙirar tebur na “classic”, wanda aka ƙirƙira sabanin KDE, wanda aka rubuta a cikin ɗakin karatu na QT, a wancan lokacin an rarraba ƙarƙashin lasisin da bai dace sosai don rarraba kasuwanci ba.
Daga nau'i na uku, GNOME ya fara zuwa tare da GNOME Shell, wanda ke da "kallon da ba na al'ada ba", wanda ba duk masu amfani ke so ba (duk wani canje-canje na kwatsam a cikin musaya yana da wahala ga masu amfani su karɓa). Sakamakon haka, fitowar ayyukan cokali mai yatsa wanda ke ci gaba da haɓaka wannan tebur a cikin salon "classic": MATE da Cinnamon. An yi amfani da shi ta tsohuwa a yawancin rarrabawar kasuwanci. Yana da adadi mai yawa na saituna da aikace-aikacen sa.
Ya fito daga GNOME2 kuma yana ci gaba da haɓaka wannan yanayin ƙira. Yana da adadi mai yawa na saituna da cokulan aikace-aikacen da aka yi amfani da su a baya a cikin GNOME2 (ana amfani da sabbin sunaye) don kar a rikitar da cokali mai yatsu da sabon sigar su na GNOME3).
Cokali mai yatsa na GNOME Shell wanda ke ba masu amfani da tsarin ƙirar “classic” (kamar yadda lamarin yake a GNOME2).
Yana da babban adadin saituna da aikace-aikace iri ɗaya kamar na GNOME Shell.
Wani cokali mai yatsa na "classic" na GNOME wanda aka haɓaka azaman ɓangare na rarrabawar Solus, amma yanzu kuma ya zo azaman tebur na tsaye akan sauran rarrabawa daban-daban.
(ko kamar yadda ake kira shi sau da yawa, kawai KDE)
Yanayin tebur wanda aikin KDE ya haɓaka.
Yana da adadi mai yawa na saituna samuwa ga mai sauƙin amfani daga mahaɗar hoto da yawancin aikace-aikacen zana waɗanda aka haɓaka a cikin tsarin wannan tebur ɗin.
A cikin 2008, KDE ta fito da sabon aiwatar da KDE Plasma (injin tebur ɗin an sake rubuta shi sosai). Hakanan, kamar yadda yake tare da GNOME/MATE, ba duk magoya bayan KDE bane ke son sa. A sakamakon haka, cokali mai yatsa na aikin ya bayyana, yana ci gaba da bunkasa nau'in da ya gabata, mai suna TDE (Trinity Desktop Environment).
Ɗaya daga cikin sabbin mahallin tebur da aka rubuta ta amfani da Qt (wanda aka rubuta KDE akan). Yana da saituna da yawa kuma yana da kyau sosai (ko da yake wannan ra'ayi ne na zahiri) da ingantaccen tsarin dubawa. An haɓaka azaman ɓangaren rarraba Deepin Linux. Hakanan akwai fakiti don sauran rabawa
Fly
Misalin yanayin tebur da aka rubuta ta amfani da Qt. An haɓaka azaman ɓangare na rarrabawar Astra Linux.
Yanayin tebur mai nauyi. Kamar misalai da yawa da suka gabata, an rubuta ta amfani da Qt. A gaskiya ma, ci gaba ne na aikin LXDE da sakamakon haɗuwa da aikin Razor-qt.
Kamar yadda kake gani, tebur a cikin Linux na iya bambanta sosai kuma akwai madaidaicin dubawa don dandano kowa: daga kyau sosai kuma tare da tasirin 3D zuwa ƙaramin abu, daga “classic” zuwa sabon abu, daga yin amfani da albarkatun tsarin zuwa nauyi, daga manyan. allo zuwa kwamfutar hannu / wayoyin hannu.
To, Ina so in yi fatan cewa na sami damar ba da ra'ayi game da mene ne ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin zane-zane da tebur a cikin Linux OS.
An gwada kayan wannan labarin a watan Yuli 2020 a gidan yanar gizo. Kuna iya kallon shi .
Shi ke nan. Ina fatan wannan ya taimaka. Idan kuna da tambayoyi ko sharhi, da fatan za a rubuta. Zan yi farin cikin amsawa. To, ku zo ku yi karatu !
source: www.habr.com