Na lura da wannan kuskuren (ko, idan kun fi so, rashin daidaituwa) yayin duba fassarar a kan masu sauya NETGEAR. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da ake fassara kalmar "kumburi" wajibi ne a yi la'akari da fassarar wane ne mai sayarwa ya yi riko da shi - Cisco ko HP, saboda akwai ma'anar fasaha daban-daban a tsakanin su.
Bari mu samu shi dai-dai.
Bari mu kalli matsalar ta amfani da misalai masu zuwa:
1 Cisco
2. HP
Mai karatu mai hankali zai lura da haka "kumburi" yana da ma'ana dabam a cikin waɗannan misalan.
Mu tono.
Sigar Cisco
Cisco karkashin"akwati'm' fahimta tashar-to-point (tashar sadarwar kai tsaye tana haɗa na'urori biyu), wanda ke haɗa maɓalli da wata na'ura ta hanyar sadarwa, kamar wani maɓalli ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Aikin sa shine wuce zirga-zirga na VLANs da yawa ta hanyar tashoshi ɗaya kuma samar musu da hanyar shiga duk hanyar sadarwa. Yawanci ake kira "kumburi", wanda yake da ma'ana.
Mahimmin aiki
Bari mu fara da menene VLAN?
VLANs yana tsaye don Wurin cibiyar sadarwa na yanki mai kama-da-wane ko cibiyar sadarwar gida ta kama-da-wane. Wannan fasaha ce da ke ba ku damar raba hanyar sadarwa ta jiki ɗaya zuwa masu ma'ana da yawa waɗanda ke aiki ba tare da juna ba. Misali, akwai kamfani Sashen Albarkatun Jama'a, lissafin kudi и Sashen IT. Suna da nasu maɓalli, waɗanda ake haɗa su ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta tsakiya zuwa cibiyar sadarwa guda ɗaya, kuma cibiyoyin sadarwa na waɗannan sassan ne ke buƙatar rabuwa da juna. Wannan shine lokacin da fasahar VLAN ta zo don ceto.
Wannan shine yadda hanyar sadarwa ta kasance, ta kasu zuwa VLANs (virtual networks).
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da launuka daban-daban don nuna VLAN.
Don haka tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu alamar kore suna cikin VLAN ɗaya, kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu alamar ja suna cikin wani. Sannan kwamfutocin da ke cikin VLAN daya zasu iya sadarwa kawai da juna, amma ba za su iya da kwamfutoci mallakar wani VLAN ba.
Canje-canje a cikin tebur mai sauyawa a cikin VLAN
Lokacin ƙirƙirar VLANs, ana ƙara wani filin zuwa teburin sauyawa wanda a cikinsa aka nuna masu gano VLAN. Sauƙaƙe yana kama da haka:
Anan mun ga cewa tashoshin 1 da 2 na VLAN 2 ne, kuma tashoshin 3 da 4 na VLAN 10 ne.
Ci gaba. A Layer mahada bayanai, ana watsa bayanai ta hanyar firam (firam)firam). Lokacin aika firam daga wannan canji zuwa wani, ana buƙatar bayani game da wane nau'in firam na VLAN yake. Ana ƙara wannan bayanin zuwa firam ɗin da aka watsa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ma'aunin buɗaɗɗe don wannan dalili. IEEE 802.1Q. Juyin mataki-mataki na firam a cikin VLAN
- Kwamfuta tana ƙirƙira kuma tana aika firam na yau da kullun (frame, wanda kuma aka sani da fakiti a matakin haɗin gwiwa, watau a matakin sauyawa)ba tare da kara komai ba. Wannan firam ɗin yayi kama da haka:
- Mai sauyawa yana karɓar firam. Dangane da tebur mai sauyawa, yana fahimtar kwamfutar da firam ɗin ya fito kuma wacce VLAN ce wannan kwamfutar. Sannan mai kunnawa kanta yana ƙara bayanin sabis zuwa firam ɗin, abin da ake kira Tag Tag shine filin bayan adireshin MAC na mai aikawa, wanda ya ƙunshi, kusan magana, lambar VLAN. Wannan shi ne abin da firam mai alamar alama yake kama:
Canjin sai ya aika wannan firam zuwa wani maɓalli.
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Maɓallin da ke karɓar firam ɗin yana fitar da bayanan VLAN daga gare ta, wato, yana fahimtar kwamfutar da ke buƙatar aika wannan firam ɗin, ta cire duk bayanan sabis daga firam ɗin sannan a tura shi zuwa kwamfutar mai karɓa.
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Firam ɗin yana zuwa kan kwamfutar mai karɓa ba tare da wani bayanin sabis ba.
Yanzu bari mu koma namuakwati'ku'. Canja tashar jiragen ruwa masu goyan bayan VLANs ana iya raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu:
- Tags tashar jiragen ruwa (ko gangar jikin tashar jiragen ruwa у Cisco)
- Tashar jiragen ruwa mara alama (ko shiga tashar jiragen ruwa)
Muna sha'awar alamar tashar jiragen ruwa ko tashar jiragen ruwa. Suna hidima daidai ga tashar jiragen ruwa daya ya yiwu a watsa bayanan nasa daban-daban VLAN da karɓar bayanai daga VLANs da yawa akan tashar jiragen ruwa ɗaya (mun tuna cewa yawanci tashoshin jiragen ruwa daga VLANs daban-daban basa ganin juna).
A cikin wannan adadi, tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu alamar lamba 21 и 22, wanda ke haɗa maɓalli biyu. Frames, misali, daga kwamfuta, za su wuce ta cikin su Е zuwa kwamfuta А, waɗanda suke cikin VLAN ɗaya, bisa ga makircin da aka bayyana a sama.
Don haka, hanyar sadarwa tsakanin wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa ita ce Cisco shine ake cewa"akwati'ohm'.
Shafi HP
Ta yaya kamfani ke fassara wannan kalma?
Ba muna magana game da VLANs anan gaba ɗaya. Idan akwai HP muna magana ne game da fasahar tara tashoshi. Suna da "kumburi" - shi ne tashar ma'ana, wanda ke haɗuwa tashoshi na zahiri da yawa. Wannan haɗin yana ba ku damar ƙara yawan kayan aiki da amincin tashar. Mu duba shi da misali. A ce muna da maɓalli guda biyu, kowannensu yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda huɗu kuma waɗannan tashoshi suna haɗa juna da wayoyi huɗu.
Idan kun bar komai kamar yadda yake - kawai haɗi tsakanin masu sauyawa - to waɗannan haɗin za su aika da firam zuwa juna a cikin da'irar, watau tsari. madaukai (kuma za a sake kwafin firam ɗin watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai, suna gabatar da sauyawa zuwa guguwar watsa shirye-shirye).
Ana la'akari da irin waɗannan haɗin gwiwar kwafi m, kuma suna buƙatar kawar da su, STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) ya wanzu don wannan dalili. Sa'an nan kuma daga cikin haɗin yanar gizon mu guda hudu, STP zai kashe uku saboda yana ganin ba su da yawa, kuma haɗi ɗaya kawai zai rage.
Don haka, idan muka haɗu da waɗannan tashoshi na zahiri guda huɗu, za a sami tashar ma'ana guda ɗaya tare da haɓaka bandwidth tsakanin masu sauyawa (matsakaicin saurin watsa bayanai akan tashar sadarwa kowace raka'a na lokaci). Wato, ana amfani da tashoshi huɗu a lokaci ɗaya, kuma an warware matsalar tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wannan tasha ce mai ma'ana (aggregated) ake kira HP "akwati'ohm'.
Ana iya daidaita haɗin haɗin kai tsakanin masu sauyawa biyu, mai sauyawa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Ana iya haɗa tashoshi na zahiri har zuwa takwas zuwa tashoshi mai ma'ana ɗaya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin tashoshi mai tarawa suna da sigogi iri ɗaya:
- nau'in matsakaicin watsawa (Twisted biyu, Optical fiber, da dai sauransu),
- gudu,
- sarrafa kwarara da yanayin duplex.
Idan ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan haɗin haɗin gwiwar ya gaza, hanyar haɗin za ta ci gaba da aiki. Ana la'akari da tashar jiragen ruwa na tashar tashar tashar a matsayin guda ɗaya, wanda ya dace da ra'ayin tashar ma'ana.
Kuma don cikakken bayyana hoton, mun lura cewa irin wannan fasaha yana da Cisco da ake kira EtherChannel. EtherChannel - fasahar tara tashoshi da aka haɓaka ta Cisco. Ma'anar iri ɗaya ce, yana ba ku damar haɗa tashoshi na Ethernet na zahiri da yawa cikin ma'ana ɗaya.
Don haka kalmar akwati an fassara shi dangane da mahallin kamar haka:
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a cikin takardun canji Cisco - tashar jirgin ruwa, tashar jirgin ruwa mai alamar, tashar jirgin ruwa;
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a cikin takardun canji HP - tashar tashar jiragen ruwa tara, tashar tashar tashar.
Idan kuna son fahimtar batun daki-daki, a ƙasa akwai ƙaramin jerin maɓuɓɓuka.
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Cisco: (ko kamar haka:
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HP:
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VLAN:
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Tarin tashoshi:
source: www.habr.com