Taswirar Haƙƙin Dijital, Sashe na III. Haƙƙin ɓoye suna

TL, DR: Masana sun raba hangen nesa game da matsalolin da ke cikin Rasha dangane da haƙƙin dijital don ɓoye suna.

A ranar 12 da 13 ga Satumba, Greenhouse of Social Technologies da RosKomSvoboda suna riƙe da hackathon akan zama ɗan ƙasa na dijital da haƙƙin dijital. demhack.ru. A cikin jiran taron, masu shirya taron suna buga labari na uku da aka sadaukar don tsara filin matsala don su sami kalubale mai ban sha'awa ga kansu. Labarun da suka gabata: Ana iya samun haƙƙin bugawa don ayyukan dijital nan (Kashi na 1) da samun damar bayanai - nan (Kashi na 2).

Haƙƙin ɓoye suna

Anonymity yanayi ne na rashin yiwuwar tantance ainihin mutum. Haƙƙin ɓoye suna, watau. Ikon yin ayyuka akan Intanet ba tare da an gano su ba yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga waɗannan haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki na yancin tunani da magana (Mataki na 29).

An ƙirƙiri ainihin gine-ginen Intanet a cikin wani lokaci daban kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Akwai shakkun cewa wani banda malamai (ko, ahem, mutane a cikin tufafi iri ɗaya) zai zauna a gaban tashoshi na baƙi. Akwai kuma shakku kan ko za su yi amfani da kwamfutoci na sirri. Duniya Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee ta yadda babu buƙatar kawo takaddun CERN zuwa ma'auni ɗaya. Yana da wuya wani ya yi tunanin cewa Intanet zai kai irin wannan mahimmanci a rayuwarmu kamar yadda yake a yanzu.

Amma abin ya kasance kamar yadda ya kasance. Kuma ya zama cewa a cikin gine-ginen Intanet na yanzu kusan duk motsi zai iya a rubuta.

Wasu halaye na rayuwarmu suna shiga cikin 'yancin ɗan adam ne kawai idan an yi musu barazana, in ji masanin falsafa ɗan Amurka John Searle. ’Yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa yana bukatar a kare shi ne kawai a lokacin da ake iya maye gurbinsa da farfaganda da tantancewa. Lokacin da Intanet ya kasance matashi, kyauta kuma marar laifi, kuma kasancewar mu a kan shi yana da lalacewa kuma ba shi da lahani, ba ma bukatar hakki. Lokacin da ikon yin amfani da Intanet (kuma ba kawai Intanet ba) "kamar dai babu wanda ke kallo" yana fuskantar barazana, mutane da yawa sun fara juya zuwa batun ba kawai goyon bayan fasaha ga wannan haƙƙin ba, amma har ma da kare shi a kan. gaba mafi mahimmanci - halin kirki da falsafa.

Marubuci da bincike mai binciken sirri Simon Singh ya bayyana karuwar sha'awar rashin sani ta hanyar rufa-rufa a wannan zamani tare da kirkirar telegraph a karni na XNUMX. Sa'an nan, da farko, kasuwanci ya zama damuwa. “Duk wanda ke son isar da sako ga ma’aikacin layin wayar, to ya isar da abin da ke cikin sakonsa. Masu gudanar da aiki suna da damar yin amfani da duk saƙonnin da aka watsa, don haka akwai haɗarin cewa wani zai iya ba wa ma’aikacin sadarwar cin hanci don samun damar yin amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na masu fafatawa.”

A cikin karni na XNUMX, an ƙara damuwar ɗabi'a zuwa abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su don kare hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar fasaha. Michel Foucault ya bayyana a sarari panopticon sakamako, bisa ga abin da ainihin abin dubawa da daidaitawar bayanai tsakanin mai kallo da wanda aka lura shi ne tushe. ikon horo, wanda aka yi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta hanyar canji a cikin halin da aka lura. Don taƙaita Foucault, muna rawa daban lokacin da babu wanda ya taɓa kallo.

Haƙƙin ɓoye suna Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi, ko da yake ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa. Babu shakka, muna so mu yi amfani da rashin sanin suna don 'yancin kanmu da ƙirƙira, amma da wuya mu so wasu ƴan iska da ke son kashewa, doke wani, da dai sauransu su yi amfani da rashin sanin suna.

Taken, a cikin kalma, mai tsanani. A matsayin wani ɓangare na teburin zagayowar, mun gayyaci masana waɗanda muka yi ƙoƙarin bayyana manyan matsalolin da ke tattare da amfani da haƙƙinmu na sakaya sunayensu. Wasu batutuwan da aka tattauna:

1. Amfani da Intanet wanda ba a san shi ba (ciki har da neman bayanai);

2. Buga abubuwan da ba a san su ba, ƙirƙira da rarraba ayyukan;

Scene 1. Amfani da Intanet ba tare da izini ba (ciki har da neman bayanai)

Mai karɓar telegraph. Hoto: Rauantiques // Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Matsala 1.1.: A tabbataccen ra'ayi game da rashin amfani na ɓoyewa, bayanin "Ba ni da abin da zan ɓoye." Mutane ba su fahimci abin da ke ɓoye ba kuma ba su fahimci dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a yi amfani da shi ba. Saboda DPI, an rage yiwuwar ɓoye suna, amma yadda ainihin DPI ke rage yiwuwar rashin sani, mutane kaɗan sun sani. Babu fahimtar yadda wasu hanyoyin ke aiki da abin da zai iya yin kuskure da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da bayanai akan mai amfani.

Zaɓin mafita a hackathon: Don sanar da mutane irin alamun da suka bari da kuma lokacin da suka bar su, dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar ɓoye sunayensu da kuma dalilin da ya sa dole ne a mutunta 'yancin bayyana sunayensu. Ƙirƙirar samfurori da ayyuka na bayanai;

Zaɓin mafita na dogon lokaci: Sanya rashin sanin sunan "dokar wasan" da ma'auni a cikin ayyuka, bin misalin ɓoye-zuwa-ƙarshe.

Matsala 1.2.: Mai binciken yatsan yatsa yana lalata sunan sa. Hoton yatsa ko yatsa mai bincike shine bayanin da aka tattara game da na'ura mai nisa don ƙarin ganewa, zanen yatsa shine tarin wannan bayanin. Ana iya amfani da sawun yatsa gabaɗaya ko a sashi don ganewa, koda lokacin da aka kashe kukis. Mozilla ya maye gurbin bayanai da toshe zanen yatsa, amma sauran masu bincike ba sa.

Zaɓin mafita a hackathon: Ba da damar toshe hoton yatsa a cikin wasu mazugi. Misali, zaku iya ba da shawarar ingantawa zuwa ainihin Chromium.

Matsala 1.3.Sabis na buƙatar katin SIM don yawancin saƙon nan take.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don mafita a hackathon:

1. Sabis na rijistar katin SIM. Cibiyar sadarwa na taimakon juna ga waɗanda ke shirye su yi rajistar katunan SIM da kansu (masana, duk da haka, lura da haɗari da yawa tare da irin wannan shawarar).

2. Hanyar da ke ba ka damar amfani da sababbin katunan SIM. Idan irin wannan tsarin ya bayyana, to ya kamata a yi yaƙin neman zaɓe na jama'a don amfani da shi kawai (yadda ake ƙara abokanka zuwa manzo ba tare da lambar wayar su ba, ba tare da takardar tuntuɓar ba).

Matsala 1.4.Ayyukan ciki na wasu manzanni da ayyuka suna ba ku damar cire sunan mai amfani (misali, aikace-aikacen GetContact), amma mai amfani bai fahimci hakan ba.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don mafita a hackathon:

1. Aikin ilimi game da ayyuka, iyawarsu, yadda ayyukan wasu ayyuka ke iya cire sunan mutum;

2. Saitin ƙa'idodi na masu amfani da yawa (jerin dubawa?), waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don tantance alamun cewa za a iya gano mai amfani ta amfani da takamaiman sabis;

3. Wasan ilimantarwa wanda zai gaya muku alamun tantance mai amfani akan Intanet.

Matsala 1.5.: Yin amfani da Intanet ba tare da ɓoye ba ta yara - duk ayyukan suna da nufin tabbatar da cewa yara sun bar ainihin bayanansu. Rashin sunan yaran shine kariya, gami da iyayen da ke cin zarafin ‘ya’yansu.

Scene 2. Buga kayan da ba a san su ba

Bakin ciki Guy a cikin wani kaho a kan bango na m birni - inda za mu kasance ba tare da shi idan muka rubuta game da rashin sani - free fassarar hannun jari. Hoto: Daniel Monteiro // Unsplash (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Matsala 2.1.: Matsalar bincike mai salo don gano mutuntaka daga littafin da ba a san sunansa ba.

Zaɓin mafita a hackathon: toshe salon rubutu ta hanyar amfani da neurons.

Matsala 2.2.: Matsalar leaks ta hanyar daftarin aiki metadata (hotuna, Word takardun).

Zaɓuɓɓuka don mafita a hackathon:

1. Sabis na tsabtace metadata tare da cire metadata ta atomatik daga takardu da cire tarihin gyarawa daga takaddun;

2. Buga abu ta hanyar albarkatu da yawa ta atomatik don yin wahalar gano asalin asalin;

3. Makullin fuska ta atomatik akan hotuna waɗanda ke da wahala a gano mutum.

4. Ƙirƙirar gidajen yanar gizo da wallafe-wallafe akan Darknet

Matsala 2.3.: Matsalar gano hotuna daga masu fallasa.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don mafita a hackathon:

1. Photo obfuscator. Sabis ɗin da ke sarrafa hotuna ta hanyar da cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a ba za su iya daidaita mutum ba.

2. Cibiyar sadarwa na jijiyoyi da ke ƙayyade ta waɗanne halaye za a iya gano hoton da aka buga daga waje (misali, ta hanyar binciken hoton baya).

Matsala 2.4.: Matsalar "Bad" OSINT - 'yan banga suna kai hari ga masu fafutuka ta amfani da hanyoyin OSINT.

Zaɓin mafita a hackathon: muna buƙatar hanyoyin tsaftace bayanan da aka buga da matsaloli fita и doxxing.

Matsala 2.4.: Matsalar rashin fasaha ta lallaɓar Akwatunan Black (na'urori don zub da bayanai ba tare da suna ba, misali, SecureDrop). Maganganun da ake dasu suna da rauni. 'Yan jaridan da ke karbar ledar wani lokaci suna sakaci game da rashin sanin majiyoyi.

Zaɓuɓɓuka don mafita a hackathon:

1. Umurnai ga 'yan jarida kan yin aiki tare da majiyoyin don ƙara yawan rashin sanin majiyoyi;

2. Sauƙaƙe shigar da software na akwatin baka (a halin yanzu suna da wuyar shigarwa);

3. Black Box tare da ikon share meta-data tare da sarrafa kai tsaye ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi tare da aikin zaɓi (shin kuna son rufe fuskar ku ko cire ɗayan haruffa?);

4. Mai nazarin daftarin aiki don "leaks metadata" - canja wurin sakamakon zuwa mutum don tabbatarwa da yanke shawara: abin da aka samo, abin da za a iya cirewa, abin da za a buga.

Masu shirya hackathon suna fatan cewa ƙalubalen da aka gano za su zama ƙasa mai kyau don mafita a hackathon (da kuma gaba ɗaya).

PS: Baya ga hackathon, a ranar 4 ga Satumba da karfe 12:30 (lokacin Moscow) a taron kan layi na Satumba, mai koyar da tsaro na kwamfuta Sergei Smirnov, co-kafa RosKomSvoboda Sarkis Darbinyan da sauransu za su tattauna batutuwan da ba a sani ba a cikin tattaunawar " Anonymity: dama, amma ba fa'ida ba." Kuna iya kallon tattaunawar онлайн.

The Greenhouse of Social Technologies da RosKomSvoboda sun gode wa Gleb Suvorov, Vladimir Kuzmin, mai fafutuka da shugaban masu ba da yanar gizo Links, da kuma duk ƙwararrun da suka shiga cikin teburin zagaye. Yi rijista don Hackathon na Digital Citizenship da Digital Rights Hackathon demhack.ru mai yiwuwa har zuwa Satumba 8, 2020

source: www.habr.com