Fitowar latsa ta farko game da bayyanar madaidaitan na'urorin pluggable na gani na CFP sun fara bayyana kusan shekaru 5-6 da suka wuce. A wancan lokacin, amfani da su a cikin tsarin multixing na gani sabo ne kuma shine ainihin mafita. Yanzu, bayan shekaru shida, waɗannan na'urori sun shiga cikin duniyar sadarwa kuma suna ci gaba da samun farin jini. Abin da suke, yadda suke bambanta da abin da mafita da suke bayarwa dangane da su (kuma ba shakka hotuna a ƙarƙashin masu ɓarna) - duk wannan yana ƙarƙashin yanke. Don karanta wannan labarin, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ainihin ƙa'idodin tsarin DWDM.
Takaitaccen balaguron balaguro zuwa baya.
A tarihi, nau'in nau'in nau'i na farko don na'urorin pluggable na gani tare da adadin watsawa na 100G shine CFP, kuma ya zama nau'i na farko don mafita na CFP-WDM. A lokacin akwai mafita guda biyu a kasuwa:
1. CFP daga (yanzu wani ɓangare na IPG photonics) yana ba ku damar watsa tashoshi 4 daban-daban na 28Gbps akan layi a daidaitaccen grid na mitar DWDM 50GHz ta amfani da yanayin bugun jini. Bai sami karbuwa sosai ba, kodayake a ka'ida yana da yuwuwar gina hanyoyin sadarwa na metro. Ba mu yi la'akari da irin waɗannan kayayyaki ba a cikin labarin.
2. CFP daga majagaba - Acacia , wanda aka gina ta amfani da fasahar gano madaidaicin ci gaba a wancan lokacin ta amfani da tsarin DP-QPSK.
Menene ci gaban modules daga Acacia: - wannan shine tsarin farko na masana'antar wanda ya ba da tashar tashar 50GHz 100Gbit DP-QPSK daban.
- gaba daya tunable a cikin C-band
Kafin wannan, irin waɗannan mafita koyaushe suna kama da wani abu kamar haka: Laser ɗin layi shine nau'in allon da ba za'a iya cirewa ba, wanda mai haɗawa ɗaya kawai don abokin ciniki na gani na gani. Ya kasance kamar haka:
Bari in tunatar da ku cewa a lokacin 2013 ne.
Irin wannan ƙirar ta maye gurbin ƙirar DWDM na madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya akan madaidaicin transponder mai aiki a cikin C-band, wanda za'a iya haɓakawa, haɓakawa, da sauransu.
Yanzu ka'idodin gina cibiyoyin sadarwa masu daidaituwa sun zama daidaitattun ma'auni don ginawa a cikin masana'antu kuma wannan ba zai yi mamakin kowa ba, kuma yawancin da yawa da tsarin tsarin multixing na gani sun karu sau da yawa.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa na module
Nau'in su na farko (Acacia) shine nau'in CFP-ACO. A ƙasa akwai taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen yadda madaidaitan samfuran CFP a zahiri suka bambanta. Amma don yin wannan, da farko kuna buƙatar yin ɗan ƙaramin jigo kuma ku gaya mana kaɗan game da DSP, wanda ta hanyoyi da yawa shine zuciyar wannan fasaha.
kadan game da module da DSPTsarin tsari gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa
- Narrowband tunable Laser
- Mai Haɗaɗɗen Polarization Modulator
- Digital to analog Converter (DAC/ADC) DAC ne wanda ke canza siginar dijital zuwa siginar gani da baya.
- Mai sarrafa siginar dijital (DSP) - yana dawo da bayanai masu amfani daga siginar, cire daga tasirin tasirin da aka yi akan siginar mai amfani yayin watsawa. Musamman:
- Rayyawar watsawa na Chromatic (CMD). Haka kuma, samar da diyya ta lissafi ba ta da iyaka. Kuma wannan yana da kyau, tun da ramuwa ta jiki na CMD koyaushe yana haifar da matsaloli da yawa, tunda ya haifar da haɓakar abubuwan da ba su dace ba a cikin fiber. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da tasirin da ba na kan layi ba akan Intanet ko a ciki
- Yanayin watsawa (PMD) ramuwa. Hakanan ana samun ramuwa ta hanyar lissafi, amma saboda sarƙaƙƙiyar yanayin PMD, wannan tsari ne mai rikitarwa kuma shine PMD wanda a yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilai na iyakance kewayon na'urorin gani (ban da attenuation). da kuma illolin da ba na layi ba).
DSP Yana aiki akan ƙimar alama mai girma sosai, a cikin sabbin tsare-tsare waɗannan gudu ne na tsari na 69 Gbaud.
To yaya suka bambanta?
An bambanta na'urorin gani madaidaici daga juna ta wurin wurin DSP:
- CFP-ACO - Sai kawai ɓangaren gani yana samuwa akan tsarin. Dukkanin na'urorin lantarki suna kan allo (kati; allo) na kayan aikin da aka saka wannan tsarin. A lokacin, babu wata fasaha da za ta ba da damar sanya DSP a cikin na'urar gani. A zahiri, waɗannan samfuran ƙarni na farko ne.
- CFP-DCO - a wannan yanayin, DSP yana cikin na'urar gani da kanta. Na'urar tana da cikakkiyar "maganin akwatin". Waɗannan su ne na'urori na ƙarni na biyu.
A waje, na'urorin suna da daidai nau'i iri ɗaya. Amma suna da cika daban-daban, amfani (DCO kusan ninki biyu) da haɓakar zafi. Saboda haka, masana'antun mafita suna da wani sassaucin ra'ayi - ACO yana ba da damar haɗin kai mai zurfi na mafita, DCO yana ba ku damar samun mafita "daga cikin akwatin", ta amfani da tsarin gani kamar tubalin Lego don gina maganin ku. Wani batu na daban shine cewa a mafi yawan lokuta, aikin DSP guda biyu yana yiwuwa daga masana'anta ɗaya kawai. Wannan yana sanya wasu ƙuntatawa da .
Juyin Halitta na mafita
Tunda cigaba baya tsayawa kuma yana ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin ƙa'idodi, sabon nau'in nau'in nau'in abin da zai yiwu a sanya DSP shine CFP2. A gaskiya sun kasance, na yi imani, kusa da mataki na gaba. Anan ne CFP4-ACOKwatsam na ci karo da wannan : Amma ban san samfuran kasuwanci ba dangane da irin waɗannan kayayyaki tukuna.
Form factor (CFP2) yanzu ya mamaye duk samfuran kasuwanci a waje. Waɗannan su ne masu haɗin haɗin da ƙila ka gani akan kayan aikin sadarwa, kuma da yawa sun ruɗe saboda gaskiyar cewa waɗannan masu haɗin sun fi girma fiye da QSFP28 waɗanda galibi suka saba da su. Yanzu kun san ɗayan hanyoyin da za ku yi amfani da su (amma yana da kyau a bugu da žari don tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki na iya aiki tare da CFP2-ACO/DCO).
kwatankwacin masu haɗin QSFP28 da CFP2 ta amfani da Juniper AXC6160 azaman misali.
Baya ga ƙananan masu girma dabam, ana kuma inganta hanyoyin daidaitawa. Duk samfuran CFP2-ACO/DCO na san goyon baya ba kawai DP-QPSK daidaitawa ba, har ma da QAM-8 / QAM-16. Shi ya sa ake kiran waɗannan kayayyaki 100G/200G. Abokin ciniki da kansa zai iya zaɓar tsarin da ya dace da shi bisa ga ayyukan. A nan gaba, samfuran da ke goyan bayan saurin zuwa 400G kowace tashar gani ya kamata su bayyana.
Juyin Halitta na Acacia mafita
Koyaya, a cikin mafi yawan lokuta, mafita na Ultra long haul (ULH) suna amfani da musaya na layin layi na yau da kullun waɗanda ba na zamani ba, waɗanda ke ba da tsayi mai tsayi, mafi kyawun OSNR da matakan daidaitawa. Don haka, babban yankin aikace-aikacen na'urorin haɗin gwiwar shine galibin hanyoyin sadarwa na merto/yanki. Idan ka duba , to a bayyane yake cewa tabbas suna da kyakkyawan fata:
Masu kera DSP
Masana'antun duniya na DSPs masu daidaituwa waɗanda ke sayar da su ga kamfanoni na ɓangare na uku sune:
Masu kera CFP2-ACO/DCO
Masu kera na'urorin ACO/DCO masu daidaituwa:
- CFP2-ACO; CFP2-DCO; CFP-DCO
- Oclaro (wanda Lumentum ya samu a lokacin rubutu)
- CFP2-ACO da CFP2-DCO
- CFP-DCO
- CFP2-ACO; Saukewa: CFP4-ACO
Ganin cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan kamfanoni suna cikin yanayin da kuma saye, kasuwa ga masu samar da irin wannan mafita, ga alama a gare ni, zai ragu. Samar da irin waɗannan nau'ikan samfuran fasaha ne mai rikitarwa, don haka ba zai yiwu a yanzu ba kuma ina tsammanin dogon lokaci don siyan su daga masu samar da kayayyaki a cikin Daular Celestial.
Tasiri kan masana'antu
Bayyanar irin waɗannan samfuran ya haifar da ɗan canji na yanayin yanayin mafita da aka bayar akan kasuwa.
- Da fari dai
Masana'antun sun fara amfani da su a cikin al'ada (transponder) mafita na DWDM, azaman musaya na layi na yau da kullun. Bayan samun kari na modularity, sassauci da rage farashi (ta hanyar, irin waɗannan mafita galibi ana zaɓar su azaman Alien Wavelength). Misali:
- (Juniper)
- (Infinera)
- Na biyu
masana'antun sun riga sun ba da kayan aikin sadarwa - masu sauyawa da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa, sun faɗaɗa kewayon samfuran su kuma sun ƙara tallafi ga irin waɗannan samfuran, ƙari. . Alal misali:
- Juniper (MX/QFX/ACX)
- Cisco (NCS/ASR)
- Nokia (SR)
- Arista (7500R)
- Edge-Core (Cassini AS7716-24SC)
Duk masana'antun da aka jera sun riga sun sami allo don masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa ko masu sauyawa a cikin layukan kayan aikin su waɗanda ke goyan bayan madaidaitan samfuran CFP2.
- Na dabam
Yana da daraja ambaton abubuwan da ke da ban sha'awa a cikin al'ummar duniya, misali aikin daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali a kai shi ne ci gaban . Gina irin waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa za su ba da damar haɗa kayan aiki zuwa tsarin sarrafa tushen buɗe ido, yin hulɗar tsakanin masu kera na'urorin na gani da haske da buɗewa. Bugu da kari, a kan na'urorin da kansu (duka masu juyawa ta amfani da modules DCO da ROADM/EDFA) an shirya yin amfani da software daga masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban (misali. ). Don haka, yanayin da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance haɗin kai na tushen tushen mafita da keɓancewar ci gaban software, wanda aka yi babban fare akan buɗaɗɗen tushe.
Na gode da kulawar ku, ina fatan kun sami wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa da amfani. Kuna iya yin ƙarin tambayoyi a cikin sharhi ko a cikin mutum. Idan kuna da wani abu da za ku ƙara akan wannan batu, zan yi farin ciki sosai.
Ana ɗaukar babban hoton labarinDaga shafin , Ina fata ba su damu ba.
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Kuna sha'awar batutuwan DWDM?
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Ee, wannan shine aikina (ko sashinsa)!
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Ee, wani lokacin yana da ban sha'awa karanta game da wannan DYVYDYEM na ku.
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A'a, me nake yi a nan? (Travolta.gif)
Masu amfani 3 sun kada kuri'a. Ba a kauracewa zaben ba.
source: www.habr.com