A yau, kusan kowa yana da waya a aljihunsa (wayar hannu, wayar kyamara, kwamfutar hannu) wacce za ta iya zarce tebur na gida, wanda ba ku sabunta ba tsawon shekaru da yawa, dangane da aiki. Kowane na'urar da kuke da ita tana da baturin lithium polymer. Yanzu tambaya ita ce: wane mai karatu ne zai tuna daidai lokacin da canjin da ba za a iya canzawa ba daga “dialers” zuwa na’urori masu yawa ya faru?
Yana da wahala ... Dole ne ku rage ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ku, ku tuna shekarar da kuka sayi wayarku ta farko "smart". A gare ni yana kusa da 2008-2010. A wancan lokacin, ƙarfin baturin lithium na wayar yau da kullun ya kai kusan 700 mAh, yanzu ƙarfin batirin wayar ya kai 4 mAh.
Ƙaruwa a iya aiki da sau 6, duk da cewa, a kusa da magana, girman baturin ya karu da sau 2 kawai.
Kamar mu , Lithium-ion mafita ga UPS suna cin nasara da sauri a kasuwa, suna da fa'idodi da yawa da ba za a iya musantawa ba (musamman a dakin uwar garken).
Abokai, a yau za mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimta da kwatanta mafita dangane da baturin ƙarfe-lithium phosphate (LFP) da baturan lithium-manganese (LMO), nazarin fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu, da kwatanta juna bisa ga wasu takamaiman alamomi. Bari in tunatar da ku cewa duka nau'ikan batura duka suna cikin batirin lithium-ion, lithium-polymer baturi, amma sun bambanta a cikin sinadarai. Idan kuna sha'awar ci gaba, don Allah, ƙarƙashin cat.
Haƙiƙa don fasahar lithium a cikin ajiyar makamashi
Halin da ake ciki a Tarayyar Rasha a cikin 2017 ya kasance kamar haka.
Yin amfani da tushen: "Tsarin ci gaban tsarin adana wutar lantarki a cikin Tarayyar Rasha," Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Tarayyar Rasha, Agusta 21, 2017.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, fasahar lithium-ion a wancan lokacin ita ce kan gaba wajen tunkarar fasahar samar da masana'antu (musamman fasahar LFP).
Na gaba, bari mu kalli abubuwan da ke faruwa a Amurka, ko kuma daidai, la'akari da sabuwar sigar daftarin aiki:
Bayani: ABBM jerin makamashi ne don samar da wutar lantarki mara yankewa, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki don:
- Ajiye wutar lantarki ga masu amfani da mahimmanci musamman idan akwai katsewa a cikin wutar lantarki don bukatun kansu (SN) 0,4 kV a tashar tashar (PS).
- A matsayin tuƙi na “buffer” don madadin hanyoyin.
- Diyya ga karancin wutar lantarki a lokacin da ake yawan amfani da su don sauƙaƙa samar da wutar lantarki da wuraren watsawa.
- Tarin kuzari da rana lokacin da farashinsa yayi ƙasa (lokacin dare).
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, fasahar Li-Ion, kamar yadda na 2016, ya riƙe matsayi na jagora kuma ya nuna saurin haɓaka da yawa a cikin duka iko (MW) da makamashi (MWh).
A cikin wannan takarda za mu iya karanta kamar haka:
"Fasaha na lithium-ion suna wakiltar fiye da 80% na ƙarin ƙarfi da makamashi da tsarin ABBM ke samarwa a Amurka a ƙarshen 2016. Batirin lithium-ion suna da ingantaccen zagayowar caji kuma suna sakin ƙarfin da aka tara cikin sauri. Bugu da ƙari, suna da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi (yawan ƙarfin wuta, bayanin marubuci) da manyan igiyoyin fitarwa, wanda ya haifar da zaɓin su a matsayin batura don kayan lantarki masu ɗaukar nauyi da motocin lantarki. "
Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin kwatanta fasahar baturin lithium-ion guda biyu don UPS
Za mu kwatanta ƙwayoyin prismatic da aka gina akan LMO da LFP chemistry. Waɗannan fasahohi guda biyu ne (tare da bambancin irin su LMO-NMC) waɗanda a yanzu sune manyan ƙirar masana'antu na motocin lantarki da na lantarki daban-daban.
Ana iya karanta waƙar waƙa akan batura a cikin motocin lantarki ananKuna tambaya, menene alakar sufurin lantarki da shi? Bari in yi bayani: yawan yaɗuwar motocin lantarki ta amfani da fasahar Li-Ion ya daɗe ya wuce matakin samfuri. Kuma kamar yadda muka sani, duk sabbin fasahohi sun zo mana daga tsada, sabbin wuraren rayuwa. Misali, yawancin fasahar kera motoci sun zo mana daga Formula 1, sabbin fasahohi da yawa sun shigo cikin rayuwarmu daga bangaren sararin samaniya, da sauransu...Saboda haka, a ra’ayinmu, fasahar lithium-ion yanzu tana shiga cikin hanyoyin samar da masana’antu.
Bari mu kalli teburin kwatanta tsakanin manyan masana'antun, sunadarai na batir da kamfanonin kera motoci da kansu waɗanda ke kera motocin lantarki (hybrids).
Za mu zaɓi sel prismatic keɓantattu waɗanda suka dace da sifar sifa don amfani a cikin UPS. Kamar yadda kake gani, lithium titanate (LTO-NMC) baƙon waje ne dangane da takamaiman makamashi da aka adana. Akwai sauran masana'anta guda uku na ƙwayoyin prismatic waɗanda suka dace don amfani a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu, musamman batir UPS.
Zan faɗi kuma in fassara daga daftarin aiki "Kimanin zagayowar rayuwa na dogon rai na lithium electrode don batirin abin hawa na lantarki don bas ɗin LEAF, Tesla da VOLVO" (Asali "Kimanin zagayowar rayuwa na dogon rai na lithium electrode don batirin abin hawa na lantarki- cell don LEAF , Tesla da Volvo bas" kwanan watan Disamba 11, 2017 daga Mats Zackrisson. Yawancin yana nazarin tsarin sinadarai a cikin batir abin hawa, tasirin girgizawa da yanayin aiki na yanayi, da cutarwa ga muhalli. Duk da haka, akwai magana mai ban sha'awa game da kwatantawa. na fasahar batirin lithium-ion guda biyu.
A cikin fassarara ta kyauta tana kama da haka:
Fasaha ta NMC tana nuna ƙananan tasirin muhalli a kowace kilomita abin hawa fiye da fasahar LFP tare da tantanin baturin anode na ƙarfe, amma yana da wahala a rage ko kawar da kurakurai. Babban ra'ayi shine wannan: mafi girman ƙarfin makamashi na NMC yana haifar da ƙananan nauyi kuma don haka ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki.
1) Prismatic cell LMO fasaha, manufacturer , farashin $400.
Bayyanar tantanin halitta LMO
2) Prismatic cell LFP fasaha, manufacturer , farashin $160.
Bayyanar kwayar LFP
3) Don kwatantawa, bari mu ƙara batir madadin jirgin sama da aka gina akan fasahar LFP da kuma wanda ya shiga cikin abin kunya mai ban mamaki. , Maƙerin Gaskiya Blue Power.
Bayyanar baturin TB44
4) Don haƙiƙa, bari mu ƙara daidaitaccen baturi na UPS
Bayyanar baturin UPS na gargajiya
Bari mu sanya bayanan tushen a cikin tebur.
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, haƙiƙa, ƙwayoyin LMO suna da mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari; jagorar gargajiya tana da aƙalla sau biyu a matsayin ingantaccen makamashi.
A bayyane yake ga kowa da kowa cewa tsarin BMS na batir na Li-Ion zai kara nauyi ga wannan bayani, wato, zai rage takamaiman makamashi da kusan kashi 20 cikin dari (bambanci tsakanin ma'aunin nauyi na batura da cikakken bayani. la'akari da tsarin BMS, harsashi module, mai sarrafa baturi). Yawan masu tsalle-tsalle, sauya baturi da majalisar baturi ana tsammanin sun yi daidai da yanayin batir lithium-ion da jerin baturi na baturan gubar-acid.
Yanzu bari mu gwada kwatanta sigogin da aka ƙididdigewa. A wannan yanayin, za mu yarda da zurfin fitar da gubar a matsayin 70%, kuma ga Li-Ion a matsayin 90%.
Lura cewa ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun makamashi na baturi na jirgin sama shine saboda gaskiyar cewa baturin kanta (wanda za'a iya la'akari da shi azaman module) yana kewaye da shi a cikin kwandon wuta na karfe, yana da masu haɗawa da tsarin dumama don aiki a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi. Don kwatantawa, ana ba da lissafi don tantanin halitta ɗaya a cikin baturin TB44, daga abin da zamu iya ɗauka cewa halayen sun yi kama da tantanin halitta na LFP. Bugu da ƙari, an tsara baturin jirgin don babban caji / zubar da ruwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da buƙatar shirya jirgin da sauri don sabon jirgin sama a ƙasa da babban fitarwa na halin yanzu a cikin yanayin gaggawa a cikin jirgin, misali. asarar wutar lantarki a kan jirgi
Af, wannan shine yadda masana'anta da kansa ke kwatanta nau'ikan batura na jirgin sama daban-daban
Kamar yadda muke gani daga tebur:
1) Ƙarfin baturi a cikin yanayin fasahar LMO ya fi girma.
2) Yawan zagayowar baturi na LFP ya fi girma.
3) Ƙaƙwalwar ƙayyadaddun nauyi don LFP ya ragu; saboda haka, tare da wannan ƙarfin, baturin baturi bisa fasahar phosphate na ƙarfe-lithium phosphate ya fi girma.
4) Fasahar LFP ba ta da saurin guduwa ta thermal, wanda ya faru ne saboda tsarin sinadarai. A sakamakon haka, ana ɗaukar shi in mun gwada da lafiya.
Ga waɗanda suke son fahimtar yadda batir lithium-ion za a iya haɗa su cikin tsarin baturi don aiki tare da UPS, Ina ba da shawarar duba nan.Misali, wannan zane. A wannan yanayin, net nauyin baturi zai zama 340 kg, da damar iya zama 100 ampere-hours.
Ko da'ira don LFP 160S2P, inda yawan adadin batura zai zama 512 kg kuma ƙarfin zai zama 200 ampere-hours.
KARSHE: Duk da cewa batura tare da sunadarai na ƙarfe-lithium phosphate (LiFeO4, LFP) galibi ana amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki, halayensu suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan tsarin sinadarai na LMO, suna ba da izinin caji a halin yanzu mafi girma, kuma ba su da sauƙi. ga hadarin thermal runaway. Wani nau'in baturi da za a zaɓa ya kasance bisa ga ra'ayin mai ba da kayan haɗin gwiwar da aka shirya, wanda ke ƙayyade wannan bisa ga ma'auni da dama, kuma ba kalla ba shine farashin baturi a matsayin wani ɓangare na UPS. A halin yanzu, kowane nau'in baturi na lithium-ion har yanzu yana da ƙasa da tsada ga mafita na gargajiya, amma babban takamaiman ƙarfin baturan lithium a kowace naúrar taro da ƙananan girma zai ƙara ƙayyade zaɓin zuwa sabbin na'urorin ajiyar makamashi. A wasu lokuta, ƙananan nauyin UPS yana ƙayyade zaɓin zuwa sababbin fasaha. Wannan tsari zai faru gaba daya ba tare da lura da shi ba, kuma a halin yanzu yana da matsala ta hanyar farashi mai yawa a cikin ƙananan farashi (maganin gida) da kuma rashin tunani game da lafiyar wuta na lithium tsakanin abokan ciniki waɗanda ke neman mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓukan UPS a cikin UPS na masana'antu. sashi tare da damar fiye da 100 kVA. Za a iya aiwatar da matakin tsakiyar matakin ƙarfin UPS daga 3 kVA zuwa 100 kVA ta amfani da fasahar lithium-ion, amma saboda ƙananan samarwa, yana da tsada sosai kuma ya yi ƙasa da shirye-shiryen serial UPS model ta amfani da batura VRLA.
Kuna iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kuma ku tattauna takamaiman bayani ta amfani da baturan lithium-ion don ɗakin uwar garken ku ko cibiyar bayanai ta hanyar aika buƙatu ta imel. , ko kuma ta hanyar yin buƙata akan gidan yanar gizon kamfanin .
BUDADE FASAHA - ingantattun ingantattun mafita daga shugabannin duniya, waɗanda suka dace da manufofin ku da manufofin ku.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Babban Injiniya Zane
Sashen Haɗin Kai
Kamfanin Buɗe Fasaha
source: www.habr.com