Wannan labarin yana ba da shawarar hanyar shigar da ruɗani wanda marubucin ya ɓullo da shi azaman haɗaɗɗen tanade-tanaden lissafi masu banƙyama da ka'idar fractals, yana gabatar da ma'anar matakin sake dawowa na saiti mai banƙyama, kuma yana gabatar da bayanin rashin cikar sake dawowa na saita azaman girman juzu'in sa don yin ƙirar yanki mai jigo. Iyalin aikace-aikacen hanyar da aka tsara da kuma ƙirar ilimin da aka ƙirƙira bisa tushen sa a matsayin saiti masu banƙyama ana ɗaukar su azaman gudanar da tsarin rayuwar tsarin bayanai, gami da haɓaka yanayi don amfani da gwada software.
Relevance
A cikin tsarin ƙira da haɓakawa, aiwatarwa da sarrafa tsarin bayanai, ya zama dole a tarawa da tsara bayanai, bayanai da bayanan da ake tattarawa daga waje ko kuma suka taso a kowane mataki na tsarin rayuwar software. Wannan yana aiki azaman bayanan da ake buƙata da tallafin hanyoyin don aikin ƙira da yanke shawara kuma yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas da kuma cikin yanayin da aka tsara mara ƙarfi. Tushen ilimin da aka kafa a sakamakon tarawa da tsara tsarin irin waɗannan albarkatu bai kamata kawai ya zama tushen gogewa mai amfani da ƙungiyar aikin ta samu a lokacin ƙirƙirar tsarin bayanai ba, har ma da mafi sauƙi hanyoyin da za a iya yin samfuri na sabon hangen nesa, hanyoyin da kuma hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su. algorithms don aiwatar da ayyukan aikin. A wasu kalmomi, irin wannan tushe na ilimi shine ma'auni na jarin basira kuma, a lokaci guda, kayan aikin sarrafa ilimi [3, 10].
Ingancin, fa'ida, da ingancin tushen ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin kayan aiki na kiyaye shi da tasirin hakar ilimi. Mafi sauƙi da sauri tattarawa da rikodin ilimi a cikin ma'ajin bayanai da kuma daidaiton sakamakon tambayoyin da aka yi masa, mafi kyau kuma mafi aminci da kayan aikin da kansa [1, 2]. Koyaya, hanyoyi masu hankali da kayan aikin tsarawa waɗanda suka dace da tsarin sarrafa bayanai, gami da daidaita alaƙar alaƙa a cikin bayanan alaƙa, ba su ba da izinin siffantawa ko yin ƙirar sassa na ma'anar fassarar, fassarori, tazara da ci gaba da saiti na fassarar fassarar [4, 7, 10]. Wannan yana buƙatar tsarin dabara wanda ke haɓaka lokuta na musamman na ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma yana kawo ƙirar ilimi kusa da ci gaba da bayanin yanki na tsarin bayanai.
Irin wannan tsarin zai iya zama haɗuwa da tanadi na ka'idar lissafi mai ban sha'awa da ra'ayi na girman fractal [3, 6]. Ta hanyar inganta bayanin ilimin bisa ga ma'auni na digiri na ci gaba (girman girman matakin ƙaddamarwa na bayanin) a ƙarƙashin yanayi na iyakancewa bisa ga ka'idar rashin cikawar Gödel (a cikin tsarin bayanai - ainihin rashin cikar tunani, ilimi). samu daga wannan tsarin a karkashin yanayin da daidaito), yin bi da bi fuzzification (raguwa zuwa fuzziness), mun sami wani formalized bayanin da ya nuna wani jiki na ilimi gaba daya da coherently kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma tare da wanda zai yiwu a yi wani aiki na hanyoyin bayanai - tarin, ajiya, sarrafawa da watsawa [5, 8, 9].
Ma'anar maimaitawar saiti mai ruɗi
Bari X ya zama saitin dabi'u na wasu halayen tsarin tsarin:
(1)
inda n = [N ≥ 3] - adadin dabi'u na irin wannan sifa (fiye da saitin farko (0; 1) - (ƙarya; gaskiya)).
Bari X = B, inda B = {a,b,c,…,z} shine saitin daidaitattun, kashi-da-bangare mai dacewa da saitin dabi'u na halayen X.
Sannan saitin mai ban mamaki , wanda yayi dai-dai da ruɗi (a cikin yanayin gaba ɗaya) ra'ayi mai siffanta sifa X, ana iya wakilta shi kamar:
(2)
inda m shine bayanin matakin ɓarna, ina cikin N - yawan girman matakin.
Sabili da haka, don inganta tsarin ilimin game da tsarin bayanai bisa ga ma'auni na ci gaba (laushi) na bayanin, yayin da yake kasancewa a cikin iyakokin sararin samaniya na rashin cikar tunani, muna gabatar da shi. mataki na sake dawowa na saiti mai ban mamaki kuma muna samun sigar wakilcinta mai zuwa:
(3)
inda - saitin da ya dace da ra'ayi mai ban mamaki, wanda gabaɗaya yana kwatanta halayen X fiye da saitin , bisa ga ma'aunin laushi; Sake-mataki na maimaita bayanin.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa (Rage zuwa bayyanannen saiti) a cikin akwati na musamman, idan ya cancanta.
Gabatarwar girman juzu'i
Lokacin Re = 1 saita wani tsari ne na yau da kullun na matakin digiri na 2, gami da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa (ko taswirar su bayyanannu) waɗanda ke bayyana duk ƙimar halayen X [1, 2]:
(4)
Duk da haka, wannan lamari ne mai lalacewa, kuma a cikin cikakkiyar wakilci, wasu abubuwa na iya zama saiti, yayin da sauran na iya zama abubuwa marasa mahimmanci (masu sauqi). Don haka, don ayyana irin wannan saitin ya zama dole a gabatar da shi maimaita juzu'i - misalin juzu'in juzu'i na sararin samaniya (a cikin wannan mahallin, sararin ontology na wani yanki mai magana) [3, 9].
Lokacin da Re ya kasance juzu'i, muna samun shigarwa mai zuwa :
(5)
inda - Saiti mai ban mamaki don ƙimar X1, - saiti mai ban mamaki don ƙimar X2, da sauransu.
A wannan yanayin, sake dawowa ya zama ainihin fractal, kuma saitin kwatancen ya zama kama da kansa.
Ƙayyadaddun Ayyuka Masu Yawa na Module
Gine-gine na tsarin bayanan budewa yana ɗaukar ka'idar modularity, wanda ke tabbatar da yiwuwar ƙaddamarwa, maimaitawa, daidaitawa da kuma fitowar tsarin. Modular ginawa ya sa ya yiwu a kawo fasahar aiwatar da bayanai matakai a matsayin kusa kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa ga na halitta haƙiƙa embodiment a cikin ainihin duniya, don inganta mafi m kayan aikin dangane da aikin Properties, tsara ba don maye gurbin mutane, amma don yadda ya kamata taimaka. su a cikin sarrafa ilimi.
Module wani keɓantaccen mahalli ne na tsarin bayanai, wanda zai iya zama tilas ko na zaɓi don dalilai na wanzuwar tsarin, amma a kowane hali yana ba da saiti na musamman a cikin iyakokin tsarin.
Za'a iya siffanta nau'ikan ayyuka iri-iri ta hanyar nau'ikan ayyuka guda uku: ƙirƙira (rikodin sabbin bayanai), gyara (canza bayanan da aka yi rikodi a baya), gogewa ( goge bayanan da aka yi rikodi a baya).
Bari X ya zama takamaiman sifa na irin wannan aikin, sannan ana iya wakilta saitin X daidai kamar haka:
(6)
inda X1 - ƙirƙira, X2 - gyarawa, X3 - gogewa,
(7)
Bugu da ƙari, aikin kowane nau'i shine cewa ƙirƙirar bayanai ba daidai ba ne (an aiwatar da shi ba tare da maimaitawa ba - aikin halitta ba ya maimaita kansa), kuma gyarawa da gogewa a cikin al'amuran gabaɗaya na iya haɗawa da aiwatar da kashi-by-bangare (yi). aiki akan abubuwan da aka zaɓa na bayanan bayanan) kuma su kansu sun haɗa da ayyuka masu kama da kansu.
Ya kamata a lura cewa idan ba a yi wani aiki don aikin X ba a cikin tsarin da aka ba (ba a aiwatar da shi a cikin tsarin ba), to saitin da ya dace da irin wannan aikin ana ɗaukar fanko.
Don haka, don bayyana ra'ayi mai ban mamaki (bayani) "module yana ba ku damar yin aiki tare da saitin bayanai masu dacewa don dalilai na tsarin bayanai," saiti mai ban mamaki. a cikin mafi sauƙi ana iya wakilta shi kamar:
(8)
Irin wannan saitin a cikin yanayin gabaɗaya yana da digiri na maimaitawa daidai da 1,6 (6) kuma yana da ɓarna da ɓarna a lokaci guda.
Ana shirya yanayi don amfani da gwada tsarin
A cikin matakai na ci gaba da aiki na tsarin bayanai, ana buƙatar yanayi na musamman waɗanda ke bayyana tsari da abun ciki na ayyuka don amfani da kayayyaki bisa ga manufar aikin su (al'amuran amfani), da kuma bincika yarda da abin da ake tsammani ainihin sakamakon na'urorin (gwajin yanayi).
Yin la'akari da ra'ayoyin da aka zayyana a sama, za a iya kwatanta tsarin aiki a kan irin waɗannan yanayi kamar haka.
An ƙirƙiri saiti mai ban mamaki don ƙirar :
(9)
inda
- saiti mai banƙyama don aikin ƙirƙirar bayanai bisa ga aikin X;
- saiti mai banƙyama don aiwatar da bayanan gyare-gyare bisa ga aikin X, yayin da matakin maimaitawa a (aiki sakawa) lamba ce ta halitta kuma a cikin ƙaramin lamari yana daidai da 1;
- Saiti mai banƙyama don aikin share bayanai bisa ga aikin X, yayin da matakin maimaitawa b (aiki sakawa) lamba ce ta halitta kuma a cikin ƙaramin lamari yana daidai da 1.
Irin wannan taron ya bayyana menene ainihin (waɗanne abubuwan bayanai) aka ƙirƙira, gyara su da/ko share su ga kowane amfani da module.
Sannan an haɗa saitin yanayi don amfani da Ux don aikin X don ƙirar da ake tambaya, kowannensu yana bayyana. me yasa (don wane aiki na kasuwanci) aka siffanta abubuwan bayanai ta hanyar saiti da aka ƙirƙira, gyara da/ko share su? , kuma a cikin wane tsari:
(10)
inda n shine adadin lokuta masu amfani don X.
Bayan haka, an haɗa saitin yanayin gwajin Tx don aiki X don kowane yanayin amfani don ƙirar da ake tambaya. Rubutun gwajin ya bayyana, menene ƙimar bayanan da ake amfani da su kuma a cikin wane tsari lokacin aiwatar da yanayin amfani, da wane sakamako yakamata a samu:
(11)
inda [D] shine jerin bayanan gwaji, n shine adadin yanayin gwaji na X.
A cikin hanyar da aka bayyana, adadin gwajin gwajin ya yi daidai da adadin lokuta masu amfani, wanda ya sauƙaƙa aikin akan bayanin su da sabuntawa yayin da tsarin ke tasowa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da irin wannan algorithm don yin gwajin sarrafa kayan aikin software na tsarin bayanai.
ƙarshe
Hanyar da aka gabatar na shigar da ruɗani za a iya aiwatar da shi a matakai daban-daban na tsarin rayuwa na kowane tsarin bayanai na zamani, duka don manufar tara wani ɓangaren bayanin tushen ilimin, da kuma yin aiki kan yanayin yanayi don amfani da samfuran gwaji.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamarwa mai banƙyama yana taimakawa wajen haɗa ilimin bisa ga bayanan da aka samu, kamar "kaleidoscope mai hankali", wanda wasu abubuwa sun kasance a bayyane kuma ba su da tabbas, yayin da wasu, bisa ga ka'idar kama-da-kai, ana amfani da adadin lokutan da aka ƙayyade a cikin. matakin komawa ga kowane saitin bayanan da aka sani. A dunkule, abubuwan da suka haifar da ruɗani sun samar da samfuri da za a iya amfani da su duka don dalilai na tsarin bayanai da kuma buƙatun neman sabon ilimi gabaɗaya.
Irin wannan hanya za a iya rarraba a matsayin wani nau'i na musamman na "hankali na wucin gadi", la'akari da gaskiyar cewa tsarin da aka haɗa bai kamata ya saba wa ka'idar tunani mara cikakke ba kuma an tsara shi don taimakawa basirar ɗan adam, kuma ba maye gurbinsa ba.
Tunani
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source: www.habr.com