Ee daidai tsoho. A watan Mayun da ya gabata, cibiyar sadarwar sada zumunta ta Fediverse (Turanci - Fediverse) shekaru 11! Daidai shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, wanda ya kafa aikin Identi.ca ya buga sakon farko.
A halin yanzu, wani wanda ba a san sunansa ba a kan wata hanya mai daraja ya rubuta: "Matsalar Fediverse ita ce ma'aikatan biyu da rabi sun san game da shi.".
Wace matsala ce mai ban dariya. Mu gyara! Kuma, a lokaci guda, za mu yi ƙoƙarin kawar da wasu tatsuniyoyi (da ƙarfafa wasu tatsuniyoyi).
*Don kammala hoton, yana iya zama da amfani sanin kanku da shi game da Fediverse, tare da faɗakarwa cewa yawancin shi ya riga ya tsufa.
Bari mu fara da mafi yawan tatsuniyoyi.
Labari na #1: <Sunan kowane kamfani> baya ba da damuwa game da duk abin da ke faruwa tare da "madaidaitan madauri" da aka raba.
Har zuwa wani lokaci, wannan magana gaskiya ce. Daidai da gaskiya kamar yadda Mahatma Gandhi ya yi magana shine: "Da farko sun yi watsi da ku, sannan su yi muku dariya, sannan su yi yaƙi da ku, sannan ku ci nasara".
Taken raba mulki ba kowa. A ƙarshen 2018, mahaliccin Gidan Yanar Gizo na Duniya, Tim Berners-Lee, ya yi magana game da shirinsa na rarraba yanar gizo tare da sabon aiki. . Zai yi kama, me ya sa ba za a yi nazari sosai kan cibiyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa da aka riga aka kasance tare da yarjejeniya ba , wanda ya daidaita , wanda Mista Berners-Lee ke jagoranta?
A cikin Yuli 2019, Apple ya shiga Facebook, Twitter, Google da aikin ƙaura bayanan Microsoft . Menene alakar Fediverse da ita? A cikin ma'ajin aikin, tare da Twitter, Instagram, Facebook (da Solid), zaku samu don cibiyar sadarwa ta tarayya . Ba sharri ga cibiyar sadarwar da ba ta damu ba.
A cikin Oktoba 2019, wanda ya kafa Wikipedia Jimmy Wales ya sanar da ƙaddamar da "madadin zuwa Facebook da Twitter" - , dandali mara talla wanda aka ba da gudummawar mai amfani. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna tunawa da cibiyoyin sadarwar tarayya, kamar yadda masu amfani da Twitter suka yi saurin gaya wa Mista Wales. Wannan game da aiwatar da ka'idar ActivityPub kuma daga baya ta sanar da cewa za a buɗe lambar don aikin WT: zamantakewa ƙarƙashin lasisin GPLv3. Mai girma!
A watan Disamba 2019, mahaliccin Twitter Jack Dorsey game da aniyar kamfanin na saka hannun jari a cikin bincike da ƙirƙirar adadin buɗaɗɗen ka'idoji don cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a, don haɓaka sabis na Twitter. Akwai ba'a da yawa game da wannan akan hanyoyin sadarwar Fediverse game da gaskiyar cewa Dorsey ya yanke shawarar rufe hanyar sadarwa ta Mastodon. Gaskiyar ita ce, wata guda kafin Dorsey ya yi bayaninsa akan Twitter zuwa asusun talla na hukuma na cibiyar sadarwar Mastodon. Don haka kawai ya kasa sanin wanzuwarta. Developer Mastodon tabbatacce game da ra'ayin haɗa Twitter zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na Fediversity (maimakon ƙirƙirar sabbin ka'idoji marasa jituwa).
Yanzu tambaya ga masu karatu: a wane mataki kuke tsammanin Fediverse yana cikin ma'anar Mahatma Gandhi?
Labari #2: Aƙalla baƙi 10 da bots 100 ne ke amfani da hanyoyin sadarwar haɗin gwiwa. Ayyuka sun mutu! Babu ci gaba! Babu lambobi!
Ina gaggawar tabbatar muku: lambobi sun yi kwanan nan a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta tarayya , ɗaya daga cikin dandamali mafi girma cikin sauri dangane da adadin sabobin. An rubuta lambar aikin a cikin yaren Elixir kuma an inganta shi don ƙananan al'ummomi (zaku iya gudanar da kumburi cikin sauƙi akan wasu Beaglebone ko Rasberi Pi).
Jita-jita game da mutuwar ayyukan tarayya an yi karin gishiri sosai. Ee, cibiyar sadarwar microblogging GNU Social, wanda yake tun daga 2010, ya ƙare ta hanyar ƙa'idodin zamani. Har kwanan nan, ba ta da ikon aika saƙon da ba na jama'a ba, tunda ba a tanadar wannan yanayin a ƙayyadaddun ka'idar OStatus ba. An yi sa'a, GNU Social ya kasance kusan shekara guda yanzu akan aiwatar da ka'idar ActivityPub.
Bari mu kalli sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa masu tasowa.
Aikin tarayya mafi nasara (na wani lokaci yanzu ya fi Twitter a cikin aiki), a cikin Janairun bara bayarwa , wanda aka yi niyya don ayyukan "sabbin sabbin abubuwa, masu tasowa da masu zuwa". Bugu da kari, aikin yana da tsayayyen tallafin kudi akan Patreon. A cikin 2019 Keybase Haɗin kai tare da Mastodon, wanda ya haifar da halayen halayen masu amfani. Abin farin ciki, kamar yadda ake tsammani a cikin buɗaɗɗen software, wannan zaɓin zaɓi ne kuma an yanke shawara a gefen mai gudanarwa na uwar garken.
Mastodon yana da cokali mai yatsu masu ban sha'awa: tare da fasalulluka na gwaji (waɗanda galibi ana karɓa daga baya cikin babban reshe na aikin Mastodon), , wanda ke faɗaɗa yuwuwar yin alama. Har ila yau, yana da kyau a yi nazari a hankali a madadin musaya, gami da и .
Idan kuna wucewa, kar ku manta ku kasance tare da mu .
Kuna iya samun abubuwa da yawa game da Mastodon online, don haka mu ci gaba.
- raba bidiyo da watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo - al'umma suka ƙirƙira a matsayin madadin YouTube/Vimeo. Aikin ya fara bayyana a cikin manema labarai godiya ga Google, wanda a cikin 2018 ya toshe asusun na ɗan lokaci na tsarin ƙirar Blender 3D. Sai masu sha'awa PeerTube na ku, wanda har yanzu yana nan. Manufar aikin shine ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu samar da bidiyo mai haɗin kai, masu zaman kansu daga manyan 'yan kasuwa na kasuwa. Don sauƙaƙe nauyin akan sabobin, dandamali yana goyan bayan watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo na abokan-zuwa-tsara ta amfani da WebRTC: idan masu amfani da yawa a lokaci guda suna kallon bidiyo a cikin mai bincike, muddin shafin yana buɗewa, masu amfani suna taimakawa rarraba abun ciki.
Kwanan nan fitowar sigar 2.0. Ana iya kallon bidiyo daga PeerTube daga cibiyar sadarwar Mastodon (bayanai 100%) da wasu cibiyoyin sadarwar Fediversity (kwarorin suna yiwuwa).
Masu magana da Rashanci suna aikawa akan PeerTube game da tarihin Fediverse daga . Tabbatar ku saurare!
- kamar Instagram, kawai ba tare da hotunan kusoshi ba (aƙalla a yanzu)! Aikin kwanan nan tallafi daga kungiyar Turai don ci gaba da ci gaba kuma a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ya karu da adadin nodes zuwa 100+. Haɗin kai tare da yawancin hanyoyin sadarwa na Fediverse.
– madadin Grooveshark da Deezer. An rubuta cikin Python, aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da hanyar sadarwar Mastodon a kwanan nan kamar Disamba na bara. Dandalin yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar lissafin waƙa, sauraron zaɓin kiɗan sauran mutane (“radio”), da yin hulɗa tare da sauran masu amfani. Yana yiwuwa a zazzagewa da raba rakodin mai jiwuwa akan ƙayyadadden tsari, misali, don guje wa matsalolin haƙƙin mallaka.
dandamali ne mai nasara ba zato ba tsammani. A bayyane yake masu amfani da Mastodon sun gaji sosai da iyakar haruffa 500. Wata hanya ko wata, aikin da sauri ya sami karbuwa a cikin kunkuntar da'irori - 200+ sabobin a cikin fiye da shekara guda - kuma saboda kiyaye kumburin da aka biya (ga waɗanda suka yi kasala don tada nasu da duk wanda yake son taimakawa da kuɗi. ) ko da game da neman sabbin masu haɓaka Go akan tsarin kwangila. A watan Yuni 2019, masu haɓaka kernel na Linux sabon sabis na blog , wanda ke da WriteFreely software a ƙarƙashin hular. Ana iya karanta abubuwan da aka buga akan wannan dandali daga Pleroma da wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa na Fediverse.
– ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar-tsawawar AyyukanPub, wanda zai samar da tarayya tsakanin tsarin sarrafa sigar. A baya an kira aikin .
Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa - don shirya tarurruka, abubuwan da suka faru, tarurruka. Ƙungiya ce ta ƙirƙira bisa sakamakon cin nasarar taron jama'a , wannan dandamali zai maye gurbin MeetUp, kungiyoyin Facebook da sauran hanyoyin warwarewa. Hooray!
A baya an ambaci cibiyoyin sadarwa , и . Har zuwa yau, duk cibiyoyin sadarwa guda uku sun aiwatar da ka'idar ActivityPub kuma sun shiga yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwar tarayya, yayin da suke ci gaba da fa'idar tarayya tare da babbar hanyar sadarwa (ta adadin asusun). . Wasu za su ce kiyaye ka'idoji da yawa rashin amfani ne. Saboda ayyuka daban-daban, tabbatar da tsayayyen tarayya tare da duk sauran cibiyoyin sadarwa aiki ne mara nauyi. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa.
dubawa an yi la'akari da mafi sauƙi don koyo ga masu amfani da Facebook. Zan yi jayayya da wannan (ko da yake na kuma sami ƙirar Facebook ba ta da kyau). Abubuwan da ba su da iyaka, kundin hotuna, saƙonnin sirri - mafi ƙarancin saiti da ake tsammani daga hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa yana nan. Aikin yana buƙatar gaske mai goyon baya na gaba (kawai ya faru da cewa ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi kawai masu haɓaka ƙarshen baya) - wanene yake so ya shiga tushen budewa?
- ba cibiyar sadarwar da ta fi dacewa ba (Ina gayyatar kowa da kowa don taimakawa inganta yanayin dubawa). Amma dandalin yana ba da damammaki masu yawa don yin aiki azaman hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa, dandalin tattaunawa, ƙungiyoyin tattaunawa, Wiki da gidan yanar gizo. Sakin na baya-bayan nan shine a karshen shekarar 2019. Baya ga ka'idojin Ayyukan Pub da diaspora, Hubzilla an haɗa shi a cikin hanyar sadarwar ta amfani da nata yarjejeniya. , Godiya ga wanda ya ba da siffofi guda biyu na musamman ga Fediverse. Da fari dai, akwai tabbaci na ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen “Shafin Nomadic”. Abu na biyu, aikin cloning na asusun yana ba ku damar samun "ajiyayyen" duk bayanan (posts, lambobin sadarwa, wasiku) akan wani uwar garken - mai amfani idan babban uwar garken ba zato ba tsammani yana kan layi. Daura mai amfani zuwa takamaiman uwar garken (da wahalar ci gaba da ƙaura zuwa sabuwa) rauni ne na cibiyoyin sadarwa. Ayyukan Fediverse da yawa sun nuna sha'awar aiwatar da ka'idar Zot, amma ya zuwa yanzu a matakin tattaunawa. A halin yanzu, akan ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin hukuma na Zot yarjejeniya a cikin W3C.
Dandalin al'umma masu magana da harshen Rashanci Hubzilla (zaku iya biyan kuɗi zuwa gare ta daga wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda Hubzilla ke tarayya dasu).
- cibiyar sadarwa mai haɗin gwiwa tare da sassauƙan keɓancewa wanda ke tunawa da Pinterest ko Tumblr. Mafi dacewa da abun ciki na gani (hotuna, hotuna). Mai haɓaka aikin, kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar sa-kai don haɓaka dandamalin tarayya , yana da dama masu ban sha'awa da yawa da aka tsara. Cibiyar sadarwa tana tasowa sannu a hankali, muna sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa.
- Ba za a iya faɗi kadan game da wannan aikin ba tukuna, sai dai cewa tsohon ma'aikaci na VKontakte da Telegram ne ke haɓaka shi, kuma a cikin ma'ana, an shirya clone na VKontakte. Zai zama da amfani sosai: ayyukan al'ummomi ba su da kyau a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar tarayya. Har yanzu ba a buga lambar aikin ba, amma an riga an yi tarayya.
Tabbas, waɗannan ba duk hanyoyin sadarwar da suka haɗa da Fediverse ba ne. Masu shirye-shirye suna matukar son rubuta nau'ikan nasu, don haka a cikin 2019 kadai, sabbin ayyuka 13 sun bayyana. Nemo jerin hanyoyin sadarwar Fediverse na yanzu , kuma za ku iya karanta game da sakamakon 2019 .
Komawa ga tatsuniya, don 2019 a cikin Fediverse fiye da miliyan sababbin masu amfani da aka kara. Don haka, bayan haka, akwai baƙi fiye da 10. Har yanzu al'ummar Rashanci ba su da yawa.
Labari #3 (mafi girman kai): babu wanda ke buƙatar duk wannan!
Kuma a nan, mai karatu, da wuya ba zan iya shawo kan ku da rubutu ba. Zai zama kamar bayyana ɗanɗanon kankana ga wanda bai taɓa gwadawa ba.
Muhimmin jawabi (babban) daga fitaccen mai fafutuka a Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a watan Nuwamba 2019, inda ya wakilan jama'a, menene manyan matsalolin tsarin EU na yanzu don tsarawa da tallafawa ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu farawa, kuma menene fa'idodin cibiyoyin sadarwa na tarayya. Ina ba da shawarar dubawa. Idan Aral bai gamsar da ku don gwada cibiyoyin sadarwar tarayya ba, to ba zan yi ba.
Hakanan kalli rikodin wasan kwaikwayo daga , wanda aka gudanar a watan Agusta a Prague. Taron ya kasance mai cike da hargitsi, an shirya shi cikin sauri ta yadda ba kowa ke da lokacin siyan tikiti ya zo ba. Labari mai dadi shine cewa an shirya sabon taro don duk cibiyoyin sadarwar tarayya (ba ActivityPub kawai ba) a cikin 2020 a Barcelona. ga labarai game da taron.
Wasu hanyoyin haɗi masu amfani:
- Rukunin Jagorar Hanyoyin Sadarwar Sadarwa -
- Kididdigar uwar garken -
- Kididdigar ayyukan tarayya daban-daban -
- Karin kididdiga -
- Haɗin haɗin kai -
A ƙarshe, hoton da zai ja hankalin ku shine fosta daga taron Chaos Computer Club a bara:
Mun hadu akan Fediverse!
Ina so in nuna godiyata ga Doctor don gyara wannan labarin da gyara masu amfani, da Maxim daga ƙungiyar Hubzilla don ƙarin abubuwan da ya yi..
source: www.habr.com