A cikin watan Agustan 2019, Rasha, a karon farko a duniya (Ee, gaskiya ne), ta aiwatar da aikin kasuwanci don sake dawowa mara waya ta kebul na gani na kashin baya tare da karfin 40 Gbit/s. Operator Unity, wani reshen Norilsk Nickel, ya yi amfani da irin wannan tashoshi don tura wariyar ajiya mara waya ta kilomita 11 a fadin Yenisei.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin jarida, ciki har da kan Habré, suna bayyana . Suna da ban sha'awa daga ra'ayi na ci gaban fasaha, amma waɗannan gwaje-gwajen bincike ne koyaushe. Kuma a nan ne ainihin aikin kasuwanci, kuma ba a cikin yanayin Silicon Valley ko jami'ar Turai ba, amma daidai a cikin taiga a kan Arctic Circle. Abin mamaki shine, ƙasa ce mai girma da yanayi mai wuyar gaske da yanayin yanayi waɗanda ke haifar da sharuɗɗa don ayyukan da ke ba da mafi kyawun dakunan gwaje-gwajen bincike don neman kuɗin su.
Jadawalin lokaci na bayanan mara waya na kwanan nan:
- iya 2013, a mitar gwaji na 240 GHz a matsayin gwajin haɗin gwiwa da masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Karlsruhe, Radiometer Physics GmbH da Cibiyar Fraunhofer don Aiwatar da Harshen Kimiyyar Jiha. Babu mitar sigina don amfanin kasuwanci.
- iya 2016: a cikin kewayon 70/80 GHz, ƙungiya ɗaya, amma a matsayin sabon gwaji a mitoci da aka ware don ayyukan kasuwanci,
- Nuwamba 2016: , Facebook Connectivity Lab research center,
- Janairu 2019, , Deutsche Telekom gwajin site a kan serial Ericsson kayan aiki, a watan Mayu 2019, scaling guda links a kan wannan gwajin site zuwa 8 a jere ya ba game da 100 Gbit/s,
- Agusta 2019, , Norilsk afaretan "Unity" a kan serial kayan aiki na DOK LLC (St. Petersburg).
A gaskiya ma, mai yiwuwa ba a sami wani rikodin sadarwa mara waya ba a cikin Arctic Circle idan ba don dusar ƙanƙara a kan Yenisei ba. Bayanin aikin shine kamar haka - a cikin 2017, bayan manyan masu aiki uku sun ƙi haɓaka sadarwa ta hanyar Taimyr, kamfanin PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, ta amfani da kuɗin kansa, ya gina babban tsayin (956 km) fiber optic. Kashin baya (FOCL) daga Novy Urengy zuwa Norilsk mai karfin 40 Gbit/s. Wannan hanya ce mai wuyar gaske, ta ratsa ƙasa mai wuya, kuma magina sun sami lambar yabo ta gwamnati kan wannan aikin.
Daya daga cikin matsalolin da aka samu wajen aiki shi ne yadda kebul na fiber optic mai karfin gigabit 40 ya ratsa kogin Yenisei ba tare da gadoji ba, an yanke shawarar gudu tare da gindin kogin, kuma don amintacce, an shimfida igiyoyi da dama. Amma tudun kankara cikin sauƙi yana lalata abubuwan gani. Haka kuma, dusar ƙanƙara a kan Yenisei ba wani taron ne na kwana ɗaya ba, kuma ba a yarda da aikin gyara ruwa a duk tsawon wannan lokacin saboda babban haɗari ga mutane.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin igiyoyi a ƙasan Yenisei, hanyar ta sami goyon baya ta hanyar tashar rediyo mara waya ta 1 Gbit / s daga hasumiya na sadarwa a bangarorin biyu na kogin, a Igarka da ƙauyen Priluki (wannan tashar rediyo tana iya gani. a cikin babban hoto - babban tasa). Amma menene 1 Gbit / s don samar da duk yankin masana'antu na Norilsk idan akwai lalacewar na'urar gani ... - hawaye. Saboda haka, a cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu na 2018-2019, Norilsk afaretan Unity, wani ɓangare na tsarin PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, ya fara aikin ƙira a kan gina tashar mara waya ta hanyar Yenisei tare da damar da ba ta da ƙasa da fiber. layin gani.
Abin mamaki ga kwararrun Unity, babu wani daga cikin kamfanonin sadarwa na duniya da ya yarda da shawarwari don samar da kayan aiki don tashar mara waya ta Gigabit 40 a nesa na kilomita 11. Kuma batu a nan shi ne daidai hadaddun hade da babban tashar iya aiki da kewayo. Kayan aikin serial na zamani tare da ƙarfin 10 Gbit/s ko fiye don kewayon 70/80 GHz yana da irin wannan fasalin azaman kewayon iyaka. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tare da hadaddun tsare-tsaren ɓoye bayanai kamar QAM128 ko QAM256 - kuma kawai za su iya samar da kayan aiki na 10 Gbit / s ko fiye - yana da wahala a samar da kowane muhimmin ikon watsawa. Hanyoyi na kilomita 3-5 suna da sauƙi, amma a kilomita 11 alamar siginar ta zama babba kuma ba za a iya samun haɗin kai a cikin ma'auni na 10GE ba.
An yarda da ƙalubalen ta hanyar mai haɓaka gida daga St. Petersburg - . Ta riga ta ƙera gadoji na rediyo waɗanda ke ba da iyakar da ya kamata. Kuma kafin wannan aikin, sun gwada tashar 40 Gbit / s a cikin nau'i na 4 tare da haɗin gwiwar gadoji 10 Gbit / s a wurin gwajin su na kilomita 4, kuma suna da tabbacin cewa za a iya samun irin wannan ƙarfin. Amma a aikace, babu wani a cikin masana'antar sadarwa da ya taɓa ƙoƙarin haɗa gadojin rediyo guda 4 masu kama da 10 Gbit/s a nesa na kilomita 11.
Bayan da aka ƙi amincewa daga samfuran duniya, abokin ciniki, wanda Edinstvo LLC ke wakilta, shima bai tabbata cewa kayan aikin gida zasu iya jure aikin ba. Saboda haka, da farko an yanke shawarar shigar da gadar rediyo guda 10 Gbit/s sama da kilomita 11 a matsayin matakin matukin jirgi. Kuma idan ya tabbatar da kansa da kyau, to, a daidaita aikin zuwa gadajen rediyo guda 4 masu daidaitawa.
Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, ba lallai ba ne don watsa 40 Gbit/s a cikin tashoshi ɗaya, duka a kan iska da kuma a kan kebul na gani. Ya fi sauƙi don canja wurin bayanai a kan "zaren" 10 Gbit/s masu daidaitawa da yawa. 10GE kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa yana da rahusa kuma ya fi dacewa fiye da masu sauyawa 40GE. Bugu da ƙari, a layi daya "zaren" yana ba da tabbaci mafi girma ga dukan tashar.
Amma an sami matsala wanda, ba kamar kebul na gani ba, inda siginar da ke kan layi ɗaya ba ya shafar juna ta kowace hanya, tashoshin rediyo suna fuskantar tsangwama a tsakanin juna, har ya kai ga gazawar sadarwa. Ana magance wannan ta hanyar amfani da siginar polarization daban-daban da kuma yada sigina ta mita. Amma wannan ya fi sauƙi a faɗi, da wuya a aiwatar da "a cikin hardware". Ƙungiyar St.
“Ana yin gadoji na rediyo na zamani na daidaitattun 10GE a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na microwave na kasuwanci. A cikin wannan yanki, ba shi da tasiri don gudanar da haɓaka haɗin kai tsaye, lokacin da ake aiwatar da duk hanyoyin fasaha a cikin kamfani ɗaya - daga sputtering kwakwalwan kwamfuta na microwave zuwa haɗa abubuwan da aka gama cikin samfurin da aka gama. Wannan kusan daidai yake da kamfanoni da yawa ke yin allunan kwamfuta bisa guntu daga Intel da AMD. Koyaya, ba kamar allunan PC ɗin da aka samar da yawa ba, saita kwakwalwan kwamfuta na microwave, daga baya haɓaka siginar da ciyar da ita ga eriya yana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman, kuma wannan, a zahiri, shine batun Sanin yadda kamfanin yake, ”in ji Valery Salomatov, aikin. Manager DOK LLC.
Matukin jirgin 10 Gbit/s samfurin gadar rediyon PPC-10G-E-HP yayi nasarar yin aiki a hasumiyai tare da bankunan Yenisei na tsawon watanni biyu (Mayu-Yuni 2019). Damina ta rani shine lokaci mafi wahala ga hanyoyin sadarwar rediyo na millimeter, saboda... Ruwan sama suna kwatankwacin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (kimanin 4 mm), wanda ke haifar da raunin sigina. A lokacin sanyi wannan matsalar ba ta faruwa, saboda... dusar ƙanƙara, da hazo da hayaƙi, rediyo ne mai bayyanawa don sadarwa mara waya a cikin kewayon 70/80 GHz.
Gadar rediyon 10 Gbit/s daga DOK LLC ta jure yanayin yanayi da nisa, bayan haka, bisa la’akari da kididdigar samun layin sadarwa, ma’aikacin Unity ya yanke shawarar yin girma zuwa tashoshi 4 masu kama da juna tare da karfin 10GE kowanne. An gudanar da shigarwa ta hanyar kwararru daga kamfanin Edinstvo, wanda ke da kansa ya gano abubuwan da ke cikin saitin bisa ga umarnin kayan aiki. A karshen Yuli 2019, gadar rediyo
40 Gbit / s (4x 10 Gbit / s) ta hanyar Yenisei an karɓa don kasuwancin kasuwanci a gaban ƙungiyar sa ido na shigarwa daga kamfanin DOK.
source: www.habr.com