Kwarewata da Nasihu don Ci Gaban Jarrabawar Haɓaka Aikace-aikacen Kubernetes (CKAD)

Kwanan nan, na yi nasarar ci jarrabawar Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) kuma na karɓi takaddun shaida na. A yau ina so in yi magana game da tsarin takaddun shaida kanta da yadda na shirya shi. Abin sha'awa ne a gare ni in yi jarrabawar ta kan layi a ƙarƙashin kulawar mai jarrabawar. Ba za a sami bayanan fasaha mai mahimmanci a nan ba; labarin labari ne kawai a cikin yanayi. Har ila yau, ba ni da kwarewa sosai a yin aiki tare da Kubernetes kuma ba ni da horo na haɗin gwiwa tare da abokan aiki; Na yi karatu kuma na horar da kaina a lokacin hutu.

Ni matashi ne sosai a fagen ci gaban yanar gizo, amma nan da nan na gane cewa ba tare da aƙalla ainihin ilimin Docker da K8 ba ba za ku yi nisa ba. Daukar kwas da shirya irin wannan jarabawar ta zama tamkar wata hanya mai kyau ta shiga duniyar kwantena da makadansu.

Idan har yanzu kuna tunanin cewa Kubernetes yana da rikitarwa kuma ba a gare ku ba, don Allah ku bi cat.

Mene ne?

Akwai nau'ikan takaddun shaida na Kubernetes guda biyu daga Gidauniyar Kwamfuta ta Cloud (CNCF):

• Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD) - yana gwada ikon tsarawa, ƙirƙira, daidaitawa da buga aikace-aikacen asali na girgije don Kubernetes. Jarrabawar tana ɗaukar awanni 2, ayyuka 19, cin nasara 66%. Yana buƙatar ilimin zahiri na asali na asali. Farashin $300.
• Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) yana gwada ƙwarewa, ilimi, da cancanta don aiwatar da ayyukan masu gudanar da Kubernetes. Jarabawar tana ɗaukar awanni 3, ayyuka 24, cin nasara 74%. Ana buƙatar ƙarin zurfin ilimin gini da daidaita tsarin. Kudin kuma $300 ne.

CKAD da CKA shirye-shiryen ba da takardar shaida sun samo asali ne daga Gidauniyar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Kubernetes ta hanyar daidaitattun horo da takaddun shaida. Google ne ya kirkiro wannan asusu tare da haɗin gwiwar Linux Foundation, wanda Kubernetes ya taɓa tura shi azaman gudummawar fasaha ta farko kuma wanda kamfanoni irin su Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, Cisco, Intel, Red Hat da sauran su ke tallafawa (c) Wiki

A takaice, waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ne daga “ƙungiyar babbar ƙungiyar” akan Kubernetes. Tabbas, akwai takaddun shaida daga wasu kamfanoni.

Me ya sa?

Wataƙila wannan shi ne batun da ya fi jawo cece-kuce a cikin wannan ra'ayi. Ba na so in fara holivar game da buƙatar takaddun shaida, kawai ina so in yi imani da cewa kasancewar irin wannan takardar shaidar zai yi tasiri mai kyau akan ƙimara akan kasuwar aiki. Komai na zahiri ne - ba ku taɓa sanin ainihin abin da zai zama juyi a cikin shawarar ɗaukar ku ba.

PS: Ba na neman aiki, yanzu ina farin ciki da komai ... da kyau, sai dai watakila tare da ƙaura a wani wuri a Amurka.

Horo

Jarabawar CKAD tana da tambayoyi 19, wadanda aka raba su zuwa batutuwa kamar haka:

• 13% - Babban Ka'idodin
• 18% - Kanfigareshan
• 10% - Multi-Container Pods
• 18% - Abun gani
• 20% - Pod Design
• 13% - Sabis & Sadarwa
• 8% - Dagewar Jiha

A kan dandalin Udemy akwai kawai babban kwas daga Indiya ɗaya a ƙarƙashin sunan Mumshad Mannambeth (haɗin zai kasance a ƙarshen labarin). Gaskiya mai inganci sosai don ƙaramin farashi. Abin da ke da kyau musamman shi ne yayin da kwas ɗin ke ci gaba, za a umarce ku da ku yi motsa jiki mai amfani a cikin yanayin gwaji, don haka zaku haɓaka ƙwarewar aiki a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo.

Na yi gaba dayan kwas din na kammala duk wani aikin motsa jiki (ba tare da, ba, ba shakka, duba amsoshin), kuma nan da nan kafin jarrabawar na sake kallon dukkanin laccocin da sauri kuma na sake yin jarrabawar izgili biyu. Sai da na kai kusan wata guda cikin kwanciyar hankali. Wannan kayan ya ishe ni da karfin gwiwa in ci jarrabawar tare da maki 91%. Na yi kuskure a wani wuri a cikin ɗawainiya ɗaya (NodePort bai yi aiki ba), kuma 'yan mintoci kaɗan ba su isa in kammala wani aiki tare da haɗa ConfigMap daga fayil ba, kodayake na san mafita.

Yaya jarrabawa take

Ana yin jarrabawar a cikin mashigar bincike, tare da kunna kyamarar gidan yanar gizon kuma an raba allo. Dokokin jarrabawa sun buƙaci cewa babu baƙo a cikin ɗakin. Na yi jarrabawar ne a lokacin da kasar ta riga ta bullo da tsarin keɓe kai, don haka yana da mahimmanci a gare ni in sami lokacin shiru don kada matata ta shiga ɗakin ko yaron ya yi kururuwa. Na zaɓi marigayi da dare, tun da lokacin yana samuwa don dacewa da kowane dandano.

A farkon farawa, mai jarrabawar yana buƙatar ka nuna ID ɗinka na Farko mai ɗauke da hoto da cikakken suna (a cikin Latin) - a gare ni fasfo ne na ƙasashen waje, da kuma sanya kyamarar gidan yanar gizon akan tebur da ɗakin don tabbatar da cewa babu. abubuwa na waje.

Yayin jarrabawar, yana halatta a buɗe wani shafin burauza tare da ɗaya daga cikin albarkatun:https://kubernetes.io/docs/,https://github.com/kubernetes/ko kuma https://kubernetes.io/blog/. Ina da wannan takaddun, ya isa sosai.

A cikin babban taga, ban da rubutun ayyuka, tashar tashar da tattaunawa tare da mai dubawa, akwai kuma taga don bayanin kula inda zaku iya kwafi wasu mahimman sunaye ko umarni - wannan ya zo da amfani sau biyu.

Tips

1. Yi amfani da laƙabi don adana lokaci. Ga abin da na yi amfani da shi:

   export ns=default # переменная для нэймспейса
   alias ku='kubectl' # укорачиваем основную команду
   alias kun='ku -n=$ns' # kubectl + namespace
   alias kudr='kun --dry-run -o=yaml' # очень нужные флаги, чтобы генерить yaml описание для объекта

2. Tuna haɗakar tuta don umarnin gududon samar da yaml da sauri don abubuwa daban-daban - kwasfa / tura / aiki / cronjob (ko da yake ba lallai ba ne a tuna da su, kuna iya kawai duba taimako tare da tuta. -h):

   kudr run pod1 --image=nginx --restart=Never > pod1.yaml
   kudr run deploy1 --image=nginx > deploy1.yaml
   kudr run job1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure > job1.yaml
   kudr run cronjob1 --image=nginx --restart=OnFailure --schedule="*/1 * * * * " > cronjob1.yaml

3. Yi amfani da gajerun sunayen albarkatu:

   ku get ns # вместо namespaces
   ku get deploy # вместо deployments
   ku get pv # вместо persistentvolumes
   ku get pvc # вместо persistentvolumeclaims
   ku get svc # вместо services
   # и т.д., полный список можно подсмотреть по команде: 
   kubectl api-resources

4. Sanya lokacin da ya dace don kammala duk ayyuka, kar a makale akan abu ɗaya, tsallake tambayoyi kuma ci gaba. Da farko na yi tunanin cewa zan kammala aikin da sauri kuma in kammala jarrabawar da wuri, amma a ƙarshe ban sami lokacin kammala ayyuka biyu ba. A gaskiya ma, lokacin jarrabawar an kasaftawa baya, kuma duk 2 hours wuce a cikin tashin hankali.
5. Kar a manta don canza mahallin - a farkon kowane aiki, ana ba da umarni don canzawa don yin aiki a cikin gungu da ake so.
   Hakanan a sa ido akan sararin sunan. Don wannan na yi amfani da wani hack:

   alias kun='echo namespace=$ns && ku -n=$ns' # при выполнении каждой команды первой строкой у меня выводился текущий нэймспейс

6. Kada ku yi gaggawar biya don takaddun shaida, jira rangwame. Marubucin kwas din yakan aika lambobin talla tare da rangwamen 20-30% ta imel.
7. A ƙarshe koya vim :)

Tunani:

1. www.cncf.io/certification/ckad - shafin takaddun shaida kanta
2. www.udemy.com/course/certified-kubernetes-application-developer - hanya mai kyau don shirye-shiryen, duk abin da yake a fili kuma tare da misalai
3. github.com/lucassa/CKAD-resources - hanyoyin haɗi masu amfani da bayanin kula game da jarrabawar
4. habr.com/ru/company/flant/blog/425683 - labari daga abokan aikin Habr game da cin jarabawar CKA mafi wahala

source: www.habr.com