Yanzu an yi ta tattaunawa da yawa game da tsarin kwayar cutar, kamuwa da cutar da kuma hanyoyin magance ta. Kuma yayi daidai. Amma ko ta yaya ba a ba da kulawa sosai ga wani muhimmin batu - abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ta coronavirus. Kuma idan ba ku fahimci dalilin ba kuma ba ku yanke shawarar da ta dace ba, kamar yadda ya faru bayan barkewar cutar sankara na baya, to babban fashewa na gaba ba zai daɗe ba.
A ƙarshe dole ne a fahimci cewa halin da ake ciki na rashin alhaki da mabukaci na mutane ga juna da muhalli ya riga ya ƙare. Kuma ba wanda zai iya jin lafiya. A cikin duniyar da ke yanzu, ba shi yiwuwa a haifar da jin daɗin "naku", keɓe daga sauran mutane da yanayin rayuwa. Lokacin da mutane miliyan 821 ke fama da yunwa akai-akai (bisa ga sabon bayanan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya), yayin da wasu ke jin daɗin tafiye-tafiye da kyawawan wurare masu zafi, suna watsar da kashi uku na abincin da suke samarwa, wannan ba zai iya ƙarewa da kyau ba. Bil'adama na iya wanzuwa kullum a cikin tsarin "duniya ɗaya, lafiya ɗaya". Wanda a cikinsa babu halin mabukaci, sai dai ingantacciyar hanya ga wanzuwar moriyar juna na dukkanin yanayin yanayin duniya.
Labarin David Quamman a cikin New York Times game da wannan.
Mun yi coronavirus annoba
Wataƙila ya fara da jemage a cikin kogo, amma aikin ɗan adam ne ya fara aiwatar da aikin.
Sunan da ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar kasar Sin suka zaɓa waɗanda suka keɓe tare da gano ƙwayar cuta gajere ne don 2019 novel coronavirus, nCoV-2019. (An buga labarin tun kafin a ba wa cutar sunanta na yanzu SARS-Cov-2 - A.R.).
Duk da sunan sabuwar kwayar cutar, kamar yadda mutanen da suka sanya sunanta suka sani, nCoV-2019 ba sabuwa ba ce kamar yadda kuke tunani.
An gano wani abu makamancin haka shekaru da yawa da suka gabata a cikin wani kogo a lardin Yunnan, mai nisan mil dubu kudu maso yammacin Wuhan, ta hanyar wasu hazikan masu bincike wadanda suka lura da binciken nasu cikin damuwa. Yaduwar nCo2V-019 cikin sauri yana da ban mamaki, amma ba wanda ba a iya faɗi ba. Cewa kwayar cutar ba ta samo asali daga mutum ba amma daga dabba, watakila jemage, kuma watakila bayan wucewa ta wata halitta yana iya zama abin mamaki. Amma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne ga masana kimiyya da ke nazarin irin waɗannan abubuwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan masanin kimiyya shine Dr. Zheng-Li Shi daga Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta ta Wuhan, wanda ya ba da sunan nCoV-2019. Zheng-Li Shi da abokan aikinsa ne suka nuna a cikin 2005 cewa sanadin cutar SARS kwayar cuta ce ta jemage da ke yaduwa ga mutane. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da bin diddigin coronaviruses a cikin jemagu, tana mai gargadin cewa wasu sun dace da su don haifar da annoba a cikin mutane.
A cikin wata takarda ta 2017, sun bayyana yadda, bayan kusan shekaru biyar na tattara samfuran najasa daga jemagu a cikin kogon Yunnan, sun gano coronaviruses a cikin mutane da yawa na nau'in jemagu daban-daban guda huɗu, ciki har da jemagu na doki. Masana kimiyya sun ce kwayoyin halittar kwayar cutar ya kai kashi 96 cikin dari daidai da kwayar cutar Wuhan da aka gano kwanan nan a jikin dan adam. Kuma su biyun sun zama nau'i-nau'i daban-daban daga duk sauran sanannun coronaviruse, gami da wanda ke haifar da SARS. A wannan ma'anar, nCoV-2019 sabo ne kuma watakila ma ya fi haɗari ga mutane fiye da sauran coronaviruses.
Peter Daszak, shugaban kungiyar EcoHealth Alliance, wata kungiyar bincike mai zaman kanta da ke birnin New York da ke mai da hankali kan alakar da ke tsakanin lafiyar dan Adam da namun daji, na daya daga cikin abokan aikin Dr. Zheng-Li Shi da dadewa. "Mun shafe shekaru 15 muna kararrawar kararrawa game da wadannan kwayoyin cuta," in ji shi cikin takaici. "Tunda SARS ta fara." Ya haɗu da wani bincike na 2005 kan jemagu da SARS da takarda na 2017 akan coronaviruses masu kama da SARS da yawa a cikin kogon Yunnan.
Mista Daszak ya ce, a wannan bincike na biyu, tawagar 'yan wasan ta dauki samfurin jini daga Yunnaniyawa 400, wadanda kusan 3 daga cikinsu ke zaune a kusa da kogon. Kusan kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na su suna da ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus kamar SARS.
“Ba mu sani ba ko sun yi rashin lafiya. Amma abin da wannan ya gaya mana shi ne cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna tsalle daga jemagu zuwa mutane sau da yawa. " A takaice dai, wannan gaggawa ta Wuhan ba sabon ci gaba ba ne. Yana daga cikin jerin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa waɗanda ke komawa cikin abubuwan da suka gabata kuma za su ci gaba zuwa gaba muddin yanayin da ake ciki ya ci gaba.
Don haka idan kun gama damuwa game da wannan barkewar, ku damu da na gaba. Ko yi wani abu game da halin da ake ciki yanzu.
Halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu ya haɗa da namun daji masu haɗari da cinikin abinci, tare da sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki suna ratsawa ta Asiya, Afirka da, kaɗan, Amurka da sauran ƙasashe. An haramta wannan ciniki na dan lokaci a kasar Sin. Amma kuma hakan ya faru a lokacin SARS, sannan kuma aka sake ba da izinin ciniki - jemagu, civets, naman alade, kunkuru, berayen bamboo, nau'ikan tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi da suka taru a kasuwanni kamar na Wuhan.
Halin da ake ciki a yanzu ya kuma haɗa da mutane biliyan 7,6 a Duniya waɗanda ke buƙatar abinci akai-akai. Wasu matalauta ne kuma suna matsananciyar samun furotin. Wasu kuma masu arziki ne da almubazzaranci kuma suna iya yin balaguro zuwa sassa daban-daban na duniya ta jirgin sama. Wadannan abubuwan ba a taba ganin irinsu ba a doron kasa: mun sani daga bayanan burbushin halittu cewa babu wata babbar dabba da ta taba yin yawa kamar yadda mutane suke a yau. Kuma daya daga cikin sakamakon wannan yalwar, wannan iko da abin da ke tattare da rushewar muhalli shine karuwa a musayar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta - na farko daga dabba zuwa mutum, sannan daga mutum zuwa mutum, wani lokaci zuwa yawan cututtuka.
Muna mamaye dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da sauran wuraren dajin da ke gida ga nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai da yawa, kuma a cikinsu akwai ƙwayoyin cuta da ba a san su ba. Mun sare itatuwa; muna kashe dabbobi ko keji mu tura su kasuwa. Muna lalata halittu kuma muna girgiza ƙwayoyin cuta daga rundunoninsu na halitta. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, suna buƙatar sabon mai shi. Yawancin lokaci mu ne.
Jerin irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke fitowa a cikin ɗan adam suna yin sauti kamar bugu mai ban tsoro: Machupo, Bolivia, 1961; Marburg, Jamus, 1967; Ebola, Zaire da Sudan, 1976; HIV, a New York da California, 1981; Siffar Hunt (yanzu ana kiranta da Sin Nombre), kudu maso yammacin Amurka, 1993; Hendra, Ostiraliya, 1994; mura na avian Hong Kong 1997; Nipah, Malaysia, 1998; West Nile, New York, 1999; SARS, China, 2002-3; MERS, Saudi Arabia, 2012; Ebola sake, Yammacin Afirka, 2014. Kuma wannan zabi ne kawai. Yanzu muna da nCoV-2019, bugun ƙarshe ga drum.
Har ila yau, al’amuran da ke faruwa a yanzu sun hada da ma’aikata masu karya da boye munanan labarai, da kuma zababbun jami’an da ke takama da jama’a game da sare dazuzzuka domin samar da ayyukan yi a gandun daji da noma ko kuma rage kasafin kudin kula da lafiya da bincike. Nisa daga Wuhan ko Amazon zuwa Paris, Toronto ko Washington kadan ne ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ana auna su cikin sa'o'i, idan aka yi la'akari da yadda za su iya tafiya tare da fasinjojin jirgin sama. Kuma idan kuna tunanin bayar da tallafin rigakafin cutar yana da tsada, jira har sai kun ga farashin ƙarshe na cutar ta yanzu.
Abin farin ciki, yanayin da ake ciki a halin yanzu ya haɗa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta - kamar masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Wuhan, EcoHealth Alliance, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), CDC ta Sin da sauran cibiyoyi da yawa. Wadannan su ne mutanen da ke shiga cikin kogon jemagu, fadama da dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu tsaro, galibi suna jefa rayukansu cikin kasada, don samun najasa, jini da sauran shaidu masu mahimmanci don nazarin jerin kwayoyin halitta da amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci.
Yayin da adadin sabbin cututtukan coronavirus ya karu kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu tare da shi, awo daya, adadin wadanda suka mutu, ya tsaya tsayin daka ya zuwa yanzu: a ko kasa da kashi 3. Wannan nasara ce ta dangi - mafi muni fiye da yawancin nau'ikan mura, fiye da SARS.
Wannan sa'a ba zai daɗe ba. Babu wanda ya san irin ci gaban da zai kasance. A cikin watanni shida, cutar huhu ta Wuhan na iya zama tarihi. Ko babu.
Muna fuskantar manyan kalubale guda biyu, gajere da na dogon lokaci. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci: Dole ne mu yi duk abin da ke cikin ikonmu, tare da hankali, kwantar da hankali da cikakken sadaukar da albarkatu, don ɗaukarwa da kashe wannan barkewar nCoV-2019 kafin ta zama, kamar yadda zai iya, bala'in annoba ta duniya. Dogon lokaci: Dole ne mu tuna cewa lokacin da ƙura ta lafa, nCoV-2019 ba sabon abu ba ne ko bala'i da ya same mu. Yana daga cikin tsarin zaɓin da mu ’yan adam muke yi wa kanmu.
Fassara: A. Rzheshevsky.
source: www.habr.com