Shin yana yiwuwa a haɗa tashoshi na Intanet da yawa zuwa ɗaya? Akwai da yawa kuskure da camfin a kusa da wannan batu, ko da gogaggen injiniyoyin cibiyar sadarwa sau da yawa ba su san cewa wannan zai yiwu. A mafi yawan lokuta, haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa ana kiransa kuskure azaman daidaitawar NAT ko gazawar. Amma ainihin taƙaitawa yana ba da damar gudanar da haɗin TCP guda ɗaya a lokaci guda akan duk tashoshi na Intanet, alal misali, watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo ta yadda idan wani tashar Intanet ya katse, ba za a katse watsa shirye-shiryen ba.
Akwai hanyoyin kasuwanci masu tsada don watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo, amma irin waɗannan na'urori suna kashe kilobucks mai yawa. Labarin ya bayyana tsarin fakitin kyauta, budewa OpenMPTCPRouter, kuma yana hulɗa da shahararrun tatsuniyoyi game da taƙaitaccen tashoshi.
Tatsuniyoyi game da summing tashoshi
Akwai masu amfani da hanyoyin gida da yawa waɗanda ke goyan bayan aikin Multi-WAN. Wani lokaci masana'antun suna kiran wannan tashar summing, wanda ba gaskiya bane. Yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwa sun yarda cewa ban da da taƙaitawa a Layer L2, babu wani haɗin tashoshi da ke wanzu. Sau da yawa na ji cewa wannan gabaɗaya ba zai yiwu ba daga mutanen da ke aiki a cikin wayoyin sadarwa. Saboda haka, bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimci sanannun tatsuniyoyi.
Daidaita a matakin haɗin IP
Wannan ita ce hanya mafi araha kuma shahararriyar hanya don amfani da tashoshi na Intanet da yawa a lokaci guda. Don sauƙi, bari mu yi tunanin kuna da ISP guda uku, kowanne yana ba ku ainihin adireshin IP daga hanyar sadarwar su. Duk waɗannan masu samarwa suna haɗe zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da goyan bayan aikin Multi-WAN. Wannan na iya zama OpenWRT tare da fakitin mwan3, mikrotik, ubiquiti, ko duk wani na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na gida, tunda yanzu wannan zaɓin ba sabon abu bane.
Don kwatanta halin da ake ciki, yi tunanin cewa masu samarwa sun ba mu adiresoshin masu zuwa:
WAN1 — 11.11.11.11
WAN2 — 22.22.22.22
WAN2 — 33.33.33.33
Wato haɗi zuwa uwar garken nesa Misali.com ta kowane ɗayan masu samarwa, uwar garken nesa zai ga tushen ip mai zaman kansa guda uku na abokin ciniki. Daidaitawa yana ba ku damar raba kaya a cikin tashoshi kuma amfani da su duka uku a lokaci guda. Don sauƙi, bari mu yi tunanin cewa muna raba kaya tsakanin duk tashoshi daidai. Sakamakon haka, lokacin da abokin ciniki ya buɗe wani shafi mai hotuna guda uku bisa sharadi, yana zazzage kowane hoto ta hanyar mai ba da sabis daban. A gefen rukunin yanar gizon, yana kama da haɗin kai daga IP daban-daban guda uku.
Lokacin daidaitawa a matakin haɗin gwiwa, kowane haɗin TCP yana wucewa ta hanyar mai ba da sabis daban.
Wannan yanayin daidaitawa yakan haifar da matsala ga masu amfani. Misali, kukis masu wuyar wayoyi da yawa da alamu zuwa adireshin IP na abokin ciniki, kuma idan ya canza ba zato ba tsammani, ana barin buƙatar ko abokin ciniki ya fita a rukunin yanar gizon. Ana yin wannan sau da yawa a cikin tsarin banki-abokin ciniki da sauran rukunin yanar gizo masu tsauraran ka'idojin zaman mai amfani. Anan akwai misali mai sauƙi mai sauƙi: fayilolin kiɗa a cikin VK.com suna samuwa kawai tare da maɓalli mai inganci wanda ke daure zuwa IP, kuma abokan ciniki masu amfani da irin wannan daidaitawa sau da yawa ba sa kunna sauti, saboda buƙatar ba ta shiga ta hanyar mai ba da sabis ɗin ba. zaman ya daure.
Lokacin zazzage magudanar ruwa, daidaitawa a matakin haɗin kai yana ƙaddamar da bandwidth na duk tashoshi
Irin wannan daidaitawa yana ba ku damar samun taƙaitaccen saurin tashar Intanet lokacin amfani da haɗin kai da yawa. Misali, idan kowane daya daga cikin ukun yana da saurin megabits 100, to lokacin saukar da torrents za mu sami megabits 300. Domin torrent yana buɗe haɗin haɗin gwiwa da yawa waɗanda aka rarraba tsakanin duk masu samarwa kuma a ƙarshe suna amfani da tashar gabaɗaya.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa haɗin TCP guda ɗaya koyaushe zai wuce ta hanyar mai ba da sabis ɗaya kawai. Wato idan muka zazzage babban fayil guda ɗaya ta hanyar HTTP, to wannan haɗin zai kasance ta hanyar ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da shi, kuma idan haɗin da wannan mai ba da sabis ɗin ya lalace, zazzagewar kuma zata lalace.
Haɗin kai ɗaya koyaushe zai yi amfani da tashar Intanet ɗaya kawai
Wannan kuma gaskiya ne ga watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Idan kun watsa bidiyon yawo akan wasu Twitch na sharadi, to daidaitawa a matakin haɗin IP ba zai ba da wata fa'ida ta musamman ba, tunda za a watsa rafi na bidiyo a cikin haɗin IP ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, idan mai bada WAN 3 ya fara samun matsalolin sadarwa, kamar asarar fakiti ko rage gudu, to ba za ku iya canzawa nan da nan zuwa wani mai badawa ba. Dole ne a dakatar da watsa shirye-shiryen kuma a sake haɗawa.
Gaskiya tashar suming
Haƙiƙanin taƙaitaccen tashoshi yana ba da damar fara haɗi ɗaya zuwa yanayin Twitch ta hanyar duk masu samarwa a lokaci ɗaya ta yadda idan ɗayan masu samarwa ya karye, haɗin ba zai katse ba. Wannan matsala ce mai ban mamaki mai wahala, wacce har yanzu ba ta da mafita mafi kyau. Mutane da yawa ba su ma san cewa hakan zai yiwu ba!
Daga kwatancin da suka gabata, muna tuna cewa uwar garken Twitch na yanayi na iya karɓar rafin bidiyo daga gare mu daga adireshin IP guda ɗaya kawai, wanda ke nufin dole ne koyaushe ya kasance tare da mu koyaushe, ba tare da la'akari da waɗanne masu samarwa suka faɗi ba kuma waɗanda ke aiki. Don cimma wannan, muna buƙatar uwar garken taƙaitawa wanda zai ƙare duk haɗin gwiwarmu kuma ya haɗa su zuwa ɗaya.
Sabar ɗin taƙaitawa tana haɗa duk tashoshi zuwa rami ɗaya. Duk hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa sun samo asali daga adireshin uwar garken taƙaitawa
Wannan makirci yana amfani da duk masu samarwa, kuma kashe kowane ɗayansu ba zai haifar da asarar sadarwa tare da uwar garken Twitch ba. A zahiri, wannan rami ne na musamman na VPN, wanda a ƙarƙashin murfinsa akwai tashoshi na Intanet da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Babban aikin irin wannan makirci shine samun tashar sadarwa mafi inganci. Idan matsalolin sun fara a ɗaya daga cikin masu samarwa, asarar fakiti, haɓaka jinkiri, to wannan bai kamata ya shafi ingancin sadarwa ta kowace hanya ba, tun da za a rarraba nauyin ta atomatik akan wasu, mafi kyawun tashoshi da suke samuwa.
Maganin Kasuwanci
Wannan matsala ta dade tana damuwa ga waɗanda ke watsa abubuwan da ke faruwa kai tsaye kuma ba su da damar yin amfani da Intanet mai inganci. Don irin waɗannan ayyuka, akwai hanyoyin kasuwanci da yawa, alal misali, Teradek yana yin irin waɗannan manyan hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda aka saka fakitin modem na USB:
Watsa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na bidiyo tare da aikin tarawa ta tashar
Irin waɗannan na'urori yawanci suna da ikon ɗaukar bidiyo ta hanyar HDMI ko SDI. Tare da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ana sayar da biyan kuɗi zuwa sabis na taƙaitaccen tashar, da sarrafa rafin bidiyo, canza shi da sake tura shi gaba. Farashin irin waɗannan na'urori yana farawa daga $ 2k tare da saitin modem, da biyan kuɗi daban na sabis.
Wani lokaci yana kama da ban tsoro:
Saita OpenMPTCPRouter
ПротокоР» (MultiPath TCP) an ƙirƙira shi don ikon haɗi akan tashoshi da yawa lokaci guda. Misali, nasa kuma yana iya haɗawa lokaci guda zuwa uwar garken nesa ta hanyar WiFi kuma ta hanyar sadarwar salula. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa waɗannan ba haɗin TCP guda biyu ba ne, amma haɗi ɗaya da aka kafa akan tashoshi biyu lokaci guda. Don wannan yayi aiki, dole ne uwar garken nesa ya goyi bayan MPTCP shima.
shine buɗaɗɗen tushen software na hanyar sadarwa na hanyar sadarwa wanda ke ba ku damar jimlar tashoshi da gaske. Marubutan sun bayyana cewa aikin yana cikin yanayin sigar alpha, amma ana iya amfani da shi. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu - suming uwar garken, wanda ke kan Intanet da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, wanda yawancin masu samar da Intanet da na'urorin da kansu ke haɗa su: kwamfuta, tarho. Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na iya zama Rasberi Pi, wasu masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta WiFi, ko kwamfuta ta yau da kullun. Akwai shirye-shiryen taro don dandamali daban-daban, wanda ya dace sosai.
Yadda OpenMPTCPRouter ke aiki
Saitin uwar garken taƙaitawa
Sabar uwar garke tana kan Intanet kuma tana ƙare haɗin kai daga duk tashoshi na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa ɗaya. Adireshin IP na wannan uwar garken zai zama adireshin waje lokacin shiga Intanet ta OpenMPTCPRouter.
Don wannan aikin, za mu yi amfani da uwar garken VPS akan Debian 10.
Bukatun uwar garken taƙaitawa:
- MPTCP ba ya aiki akan haɓakawa na OpenVZ
- Ya kamata ya yiwu a shigar da kernel na Linux na ku
Ana tura uwar garken ta aiwatar da umarni ɗaya. Rubutun zai shigar da kwaya mai kunna mptcp da duk fakitin da ake buƙata. Ana samun rubutun shigar don Ubuntu da Debian.
wget -O - http://www.openmptcprouter.com/server/debian10-x86_64.sh | sh
Sakamakon nasarar shigar uwar garke.
Muna adana kalmomin shiga, za mu buƙaci su don saita na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, da sake yi. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa bayan shigarwa, SSH zai kasance a tashar jiragen ruwa 65222. Bayan sake kunnawa, muna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa mun taya tare da sabon kernel.
uname -a
Linux test-server.local 4.19.67-mptcp
Muna ganin rubutun mptcp kusa da lambar sigar, wanda ke nufin an shigar da kernel daidai.
Kafa abokin ciniki na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa
a kan Akwai shirye-shiryen ginawa don wasu dandamali, kamar Raspberry Pi, Banana Pi, Lynksys Routers, da injunan kama-da-wane.
Wannan ɓangaren openmptcprouter ya dogara ne akan OpenWRT, ta amfani da LuCI a matsayin abin dubawa, wanda ya saba da duk wanda ya taɓa cin karo da OpenWRT. Kayan rarraba yana auna kusan 50Mb!
A matsayin benci na gwaji, zan yi amfani da Rasberi Pi da modem na USB da yawa tare da masu aiki daban-daban: MTS da Megafon. Yadda ake rubuta hoto zuwa katin SD, Ina tsammani, babu buƙatar faɗa.
Da farko, an saita tashar tashar Ethernet a cikin Rasberi Pi azaman lan tare da adireshi na IP. 192.168.100.1. Don kada in yi rikici da wayoyi a kan tebur, na haɗa Rasberi Pi zuwa wurin shiga WiFi kuma na saita adireshi na tsaye akan adaftar WiFi na kwamfutar. 192.168.100.2. Ba a kunna uwar garken DHCP ta tsohuwa ba, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da adiresoshin tsaye.
Yanzu zaku iya zuwa mahaɗin yanar gizo
Lokacin da ka fara shiga, tsarin zai tambaye ka ka saita tushen kalmar sirri, SSH zai kasance tare da kalmar sirri iri ɗaya.
A cikin saitunan LAN, zaku iya saita subnet ɗin da ake so kuma kunna uwar garken DHCP.
Ina amfani da modem waɗanda aka ayyana azaman musaya na ethernet na USB tare da sabar DHCP daban, don haka wannan yana buƙatar shigarwa . Tsarin yayi daidai da daidaita modem a cikin OpenWRT na yau da kullun, don haka ba zan rufe shi anan ba.
Na gaba, kuna buƙatar saita hanyoyin haɗin WAN. Da farko, an ƙirƙiri hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyu WAN1 da WAN2 a cikin tsarin. Suna buƙatar sanya na'ura ta zahiri, a cikin yanayina, waɗannan sune sunayen hanyoyin haɗin haɗin kebul na USB.
Don kada ku ruɗe a cikin sunaye masu dubawa, ina ba ku shawara ku kalli saƙonnin dmesg yayin da aka haɗa ta SSH.
Tun da modem dina suna aiki a matsayin masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa da kansu kuma suna da uwar garken DHCP da kansu, dole ne in canza saitunan kewayon hanyoyin sadarwar su na ciki kuma in kashe uwar garken DHCP, saboda da farko duka modem ɗin suna fitar da adireshi daga cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya, kuma wannan yana haifar da rikici.
OpenMPTCPRouter yana buƙatar adiresoshin mu'amala na WAN su kasance a tsaye, don haka mun fito da ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa don daidaita su a cikin tsarin → openmptcprouter → menu na saitunan dubawa. Anan kuna buƙatar saka adireshin IP da maɓallin uwar garken da aka samu yayin shigar da uwar garken taƙaitawa.
Idan an yi nasarar saitin, hoto mai kama da ya kamata ya bayyana a shafin matsayi. Ana iya ganin cewa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya sami damar isa ga uwar garken summing kuma dukkanin tashoshi suna aiki yadda ya kamata.
Yanayin tsoho shine shadowsocks + mptcp. Wannan shi ne irin wannan wakili wanda ke kunshe duk haɗin gwiwa a cikin kansa. Da farko, an saita shi don ɗaukar TCP kawai, amma kuna iya kunna UDP shima.
Idan babu kurakurai akan shafin matsayi, ana iya ɗaukar saitin ya cika.
Tare da wasu masu samarwa, wani yanayi na iya tasowa lokacin da aka yanke tutar mptcp tare da hanyar zirga-zirga, to za a sami irin wannan kuskure:
A wannan yanayin, zaku iya amfani da wani yanayin aiki, ba tare da amfani da MPTCP ba, ƙari game da wannan .
ƙarshe
Aikin OpenMPTCPRouter yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma yana da mahimmanci, tun da yake watakila shine kawai bude hadaddun bayani ga matsalar taƙaitaccen tashar. Komai ko dai a rufe yake kuma na mallakarsa ne, ko kuma kawai keɓantattun kayayyaki waɗanda talaka ba zai iya mu'amala da su ba. A halin da ake ciki na ci gaba, aikin har yanzu yana da ɗanɗano, cikakkun bayanai marasa kyau, abubuwa da yawa ba a bayyana su ba. Amma a lokaci guda, har yanzu yana aiki. Ina fatan cewa za ta ci gaba da haɓakawa, kuma za mu sami hanyoyin sadarwa na gida waɗanda za su iya haɗa tashoshi kullum daga cikin akwatin.
Bi mai haɓaka mu akan Instagram
source: www.habr.com