🥇Netplan da yadda ake dafa shi daidai

Ubuntu tsarin aiki mai ban mamaki, ban daɗe da yin aiki da shi ba Ubuntu sabar, da kuma sabunta Desktop dina daga sigar da ta yi karko ba ta da ma'ana. Don haka, ba da daɗewa ba, dole ne in yi mu'amala da sabuwar sigar. Ubuntu A kan sabar 18.04, na yi mamaki ƙwarai lokacin da na fahimci cewa ina baya sosai kuma ba zan iya saita hanyar sadarwar ta ba saboda kyakkyawan tsarin tsara hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar gyara fayil ɗin /etc/network/interfaces ya ɓace. Kuma me ya maye gurbinsa? Wani abu mai ban tsoro kuma, a kallon farko, ba za a iya fahimta ba kwata-kwata—haɗu da "Netplan."

Gaskiya ne, da farko ban fahimci menene yarjejeniyar ba kuma "me yasa ya zama dole, bayan haka, komai ya kasance mai sauƙi," amma bayan ɗan lokaci na yi aiki, na fahimci cewa yana da nasa sha'awa. Don haka, ya isa ga maganar waƙoƙi, bari mu ci gaba da abin da Netplan yake. Wannan sabuwar hanya ce ta tsara hanyar sadarwa a cikin Ubuntu, aƙalla "Ban ci karo da wani abu makamancin haka a wasu rarrabawa ba." Babban bambanci da Netplan shine cewa an rubuta tsarin a cikin yaren YAML, Ee, kun ji daidai YAML, masu haɓakawa sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da lokutan (kuma ko ta yaya suke yaba shi, har yanzu ina tsammanin yana da mummunan harshe). Babban rashin amfani da wannan harshe shine cewa yana da hankali sosai ga sarari, bari mu kalli config ta amfani da misali.

Fayilolin daidaitawa suna kan hanyar /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, tsakanin kowane toshe yakamata ya kasance + 2 sarari.

1) Matsakaicin taken yana kama da haka:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Bari mu ga abin da muka yi yanzu:

cibiyar sadarwa: - wannan shine farkon block block.
renderer: networkd - a nan mun nuna manajan cibiyar sadarwa da za mu yi amfani da shi, wannan ko dai networkd ne ko kuma NetworkManager
sigar: 2 - anan, kamar yadda na fahimta, shine sigar YAML.
ethernets: - wannan toshe yana nuna cewa za mu saita ka'idar ethernet.
enps0f0: - nuna wace adaftar cibiyar sadarwa za mu saita.
dhcp4: a'a - kashe DHCP v4, don 6 v6 dhcp6 bi da bi.

2) Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin sanya adiresoshin IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Anan mun saita poppy, ipv4, gateway da uwar garken dns. Lura cewa idan muna buƙatar adireshin IP fiye da ɗaya, to, zamu rubuta su rabu da waƙafi tare da sarari na wajibi bayan.

3) Idan muna bukata haɗi?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

bonds: - toshe yana bayanin cewa za mu daidaita haɗin gwiwa.
bond0: - sabani dubawa sunan.
musaya: - saitin musaya da aka tattara a cikin haɗin gwiwa, "kamar yadda aka fada a baya, idan akwai sigogi da yawa, muna kwatanta su a cikin madaidaitan ma'auni."
sigogi: - bayyana toshe saitunan siga
yanayin: - ƙayyade yanayin da haɗin gwiwa zai yi aiki.
mii-monitor-interval: - saita tazarar sa ido zuwa 1 seconds.

A cikin toshe mai suna bond, zaku iya saita sigogi kamar adireshi, gateway4, hanyoyi, da sauransu.

Mun ƙara sakewa don hanyar sadarwar mu, yanzu abin da ya rage shine shigar vlan kuma ana iya la'akari da saitin ya cika.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

vlans: - ayyana toshewar tsarin vlan.
vlan10: - sabani sunan vlan dubawa.
id: - tag of mu vlan.
mahada: - dubawa ta hanyar da vlan zai zama m.
hanyoyi: - bayyana toshe bayanin hanya.
- zuwa: - saita adireshi/subnet ɗin da ake buƙatar hanya zuwa gare shi.
via: - Ƙayyade ƙofofin da za a iya isa ga rukunin yanar gizon mu.
on-link: - muna nuna cewa ya kamata a yi rajistar hanyoyin koyaushe lokacin da aka haɓaka hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Kula da yadda nake sanya sarari; wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin YAML.

Don haka mun bayyana hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, ƙirƙirar haɗin kai, har ma da ƙara vlans. Bari mu yi amfani da config ɗin mu, netplan apply Command zai duba config ɗin mu don kurakurai sannan a yi amfani da shi idan ya yi nasara.

Bayan tattara duk tubalan code na baya, ga abin da muka samu:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]

Yanzu cibiyar sadarwar mu tana shirye don aiki, komai ya juya bai zama mai ban tsoro ba kamar yadda ake gani da farko kuma lambar ta zama kyakkyawa sosai kuma ana iya karantawa. PC na gode don netplan akwai ingantaccen jagora a hanyar haɗin yanar gizon https://netplan.io/.

source: www.habr.com

Netplan da yadda za a shirya shi daidai