Netplan da yadda za a shirya shi daidai

Ubuntu tsarin aiki ne mai ban mamaki, Ban yi aiki tare da uwar garken Ubuntu na dogon lokaci ba kuma babu wata ma'ana a haɓaka Desktop ɗina daga ingantaccen sigar. Kuma ba da dadewa ba na yi hulɗa da sabon sakin uwar garken Ubuntu 18.04, mamaki na bai san iyaka ba lokacin da na gane cewa ina da iyaka a bayan lokutan kuma ba zan iya kafa hanyar sadarwa ba saboda kyakkyawan tsarin da aka tsara don kafa hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa. gyara fayil ɗin /etc/network /interfaces ya ragu. Kuma me ya zo ya maye gurbinsa? wani abu mai ban tsoro kuma a kallon farko gaba daya ba a fahimta ba, hadu da "Netplan".

A gaskiya, da farko ba zan iya fahimtar abin da ke faruwa ba kuma "me yasa ake buƙatar wannan, saboda duk abin da ya dace," amma bayan ɗan ƙaramin aiki na gane cewa yana da nasa fara'a. bari mu ci gaba da abin da Netplan yake, wannan sabon kayan aiki ne don saitunan cibiyar sadarwa a cikin Ubuntu, aƙalla "Ban ga wani abu makamancin haka a cikin sauran rabawa ba." Babban bambanci tsakanin Netplan shine cewa an rubuta tsarin a cikin harshe. YAML, Ee, kun ji daidai YAML, masu haɓakawa sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da lokutan (kuma ko ta yaya suke yaba shi, har yanzu ina tsammanin yana da mummunan harshe). Babban rashin amfani da wannan harshe shine cewa yana da hankali sosai ga sarari, bari mu kalli config ta amfani da misali.

Fayilolin daidaitawa suna kan hanyar /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, tsakanin kowane toshe yakamata ya kasance + 2 sarari.

1) Matsakaicin taken yana kama da haka:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Bari mu ga abin da muka yi yanzu:

• cibiyar sadarwa: - wannan shine farkon block block.
• renderer: networkd - a nan mun nuna manajan cibiyar sadarwa da za mu yi amfani da shi, wannan ko dai networkd ne ko kuma NetworkManager
• sigar: 2 - anan, kamar yadda na fahimta, shine sigar YAML.
• ethernets: - wannan toshe yana nuna cewa za mu saita ka'idar ethernet.
• enps0f0: - nuna wace adaftar cibiyar sadarwa za mu saita.
• dhcp4: a'a - kashe DHCP v4, don 6 v6 dhcp6 bi da bi.

2) Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin sanya adiresoshin IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Anan mun saita poppy, ipv4, gateway da uwar garken dns. Lura cewa idan muna buƙatar adireshin IP fiye da ɗaya, to, zamu rubuta su rabu da waƙafi tare da sarari na wajibi bayan.

3) Idan muna bukata haɗi?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• bonds: - toshe yana bayanin cewa za mu daidaita haɗin gwiwa.
• bond0: - sabani dubawa sunan.
• musaya: - saitin musaya da aka tattara a cikin haɗin gwiwa, "kamar yadda aka fada a baya, idan akwai sigogi da yawa, muna kwatanta su a cikin madaidaitan ma'auni."
• sigogi: - bayyana toshe saitunan siga
• yanayin: - ƙayyade yanayin da haɗin gwiwa zai yi aiki.
• mii-monitor-interval: - saita tazarar sa ido zuwa 1 seconds.

A cikin toshe mai suna bond, zaku iya saita sigogi kamar adireshi, gateway4, hanyoyi, da sauransu.

Mun ƙara sakewa don hanyar sadarwar mu, yanzu abin da ya rage shine shigar vlan kuma ana iya la'akari da saitin ya cika.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: - ayyana toshewar tsarin vlan.
• vlan10: - sabani sunan vlan dubawa.
• id: - tag of mu vlan.
• mahada: - dubawa ta hanyar da vlan zai zama m.
• hanyoyi: - bayyana toshe bayanin hanya.
• - zuwa: - saita adireshi/subnet ɗin da ake buƙatar hanya zuwa gare shi.
• via: - Ƙayyade ƙofofin da za a iya isa ga rukunin yanar gizon mu.
• on-link: - muna nuna cewa ya kamata a yi rajistar hanyoyin koyaushe lokacin da aka haɓaka hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Kula da yadda nake sanya sarari; wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin YAML.

Don haka mun bayyana hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, ƙirƙirar haɗin kai, har ma da ƙara vlans. Bari mu yi amfani da config ɗin mu, netplan apply Command zai duba config ɗin mu don kurakurai sannan a yi amfani da shi idan ya yi nasara.

Bayan tattara duk tubalan code na baya, ga abin da muka samu:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Yanzu cibiyar sadarwar mu tana shirye don aiki, komai ya juya bai zama mai ban tsoro ba kamar yadda ake gani da farko kuma lambar ta zama kyakkyawa sosai kuma ana iya karantawa. PC na gode don netplan akwai ingantaccen jagora a hanyar haɗin yanar gizon https://netplan.io/.

source: www.habr.com