Yadda ake sabunta kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin babban kamfani ba tare da dakatar da samarwa ba? Game da wani babban-sikelin aiki a cikin yanayin "bude zuciya tiyata" ya gaya Manajan gudanar da ayyukan Lindxdatacenter Oleg Fedorov.
A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, mun ga ƙarin buƙatu daga abokan ciniki don ayyukan da suka shafi ɓangaren cibiyar sadarwa na kayan aikin IT. Bukatar haɗin kai na tsarin IT, ayyuka, aikace-aikace, ayyuka na saka idanu da gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a kusan kowane yanki suna tilasta kamfanoni a yau don kula da cibiyoyin sadarwa.
Buƙatun sun bambanta daga ba da haƙurin kuskuren hanyar sadarwa zuwa ƙirƙira da sarrafa tsarin abokin ciniki mai cin gashin kansa tare da samun toshe adiresoshin IP, daidaita ka'idojin zirga-zirga da sarrafa zirga-zirga bisa ga manufofin ƙungiyoyi.
Hakanan ana samun karuwar buƙatu don haɗaɗɗen mafita don gini da kiyaye kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, da farko daga abokan ciniki waɗanda aka ƙirƙiri abubuwan sadarwar hanyar sadarwa daga karce ko waɗanda ba su da amfani, suna buƙatar gyara sosai.
Wannan yanayin ya zo daidai da lokacin haɓakawa da rikice-rikice na kayan aikin hanyar sadarwa na Linkdatacenter. Mun fadada yanayin kasancewar mu a Turai ta hanyar haɗawa zuwa wurare masu nisa, wanda hakan ya buƙaci haɓaka kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa.
Kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da sabon sabis ga abokan ciniki, Network-as-a-Service: muna kula da duk ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa don abokan ciniki, yana ba su damar mayar da hankali ga ainihin kasuwancin su.
A lokacin rani na 2020, an kammala babban aikin farko a wannan hanya, wanda zan so in yi magana akai.
A farkon
Wani babban rukunin masana'antu ya juya zuwa gare mu don sabunta hanyar sadarwar sashin abubuwan more rayuwa a ɗayan masana'anta. Ana buƙatar maye gurbin tsohon kayan aiki tare da sabon, ciki har da ainihin cibiyar sadarwa.
Zamantakewar kayan aiki na ƙarshe a kamfanin ya faru ne kimanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. Sabon gudanarwa na kamfani ya yanke shawarar inganta haɗin kai, farawa tare da haɓaka kayan aiki a mafi mahimmanci, matakin jiki.
An raba aikin zuwa sassa biyu: haɓaka wurin shakatawa na uwar garke da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa. Mu ne alhakin kashi na biyu.
Abubuwan buƙatu na asali don aikin sun haɗa da rage raguwar layukan samarwa na kamfani yayin aiwatar da aikin (kuma a wasu yankuna, cikakken kawar da raguwar lokaci). Duk wani tsayawa hasarar kuɗi ne kai tsaye na abokin ciniki, wanda bai kamata ya faru a kowane yanayi ba. Dangane da yanayin aiki na kayan aiki 24x7x365, da kuma la'akari da cikakken rashi na lokutan da aka tsara lokacin da aka tsara a cikin aikin kasuwancin, an ba mu aikin, a gaskiya, don yin aikin tiyata na zuciya. Wannan ya zama babban bambance-bambancen aikin.
Tafi
An tsara ayyukan bisa ga ka'idar motsi daga nodes na cibiyar sadarwa mai nisa daga ainihin zuwa mafi kusa, da kuma daga layin samarwa waɗanda ba su da tasiri a kan aikin ga waɗanda suka shafi wannan aikin kai tsaye.
Misali, idan kun ɗauki kumburin hanyar sadarwa a cikin sashen tallace-tallace, to, gazawar sadarwa a sakamakon aiki a cikin wannan sashin ba zai shafi samarwa ta kowace hanya ba. A lokaci guda kuma, irin wannan lamarin zai taimaka mana, a matsayin ɗan kwangila, don tabbatar da daidaitattun hanyoyin da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a kan irin waɗannan nodes kuma, bayan gyara ayyukan, aiki a matakai na gaba na aikin.
Wajibi ne ba kawai don maye gurbin nodes da wayoyi a cikin hanyar sadarwa ba, amma kuma don daidaita duk abubuwan da aka gyara don daidaitaccen aiki na mafita gaba ɗaya. Saitunan da aka bincika ta wannan hanyar: fara aiki daga ainihin, mun ba da kanmu "yancin yin kuskure", ba tare da fallasa mahimman wurare don gudanar da kasuwancin ba.
Mun gano wuraren da ba su shafi tsarin samarwa ba, da kuma wurare masu mahimmanci - tarurrukan bita, na'ura mai kayatarwa da saukewa, ɗakunan ajiya, da dai sauransu A wurare masu mahimmanci, mun yarda tare da abokin ciniki lokacin da aka ba da izini ga kowane kullin cibiyar sadarwa daban: daga 1 zuwa Minti 15. Ba shi yiwuwa a kauce wa cire haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin kowane ɗayan ɗayan, tun da kebul ɗin dole ne a canza shi ta jiki daga tsohuwar kayan aiki zuwa sabon, kuma a cikin aiwatar da sauyawa ya zama dole don buɗe "gemu" na wayoyi waɗanda suka samo asali yayin da yawa. shekaru na aiki ba tare da kulawa mai kyau ba (daya daga cikin sakamakon fitar da aikin fitarwa na layin kebul).
An raba aikin zuwa matakai da yawa.
Stage 1 - Audit. Shirye-shiryen da daidaitawa na tsarin kula da tsarin aiki da kima na shirye-shiryen ƙungiyoyi: abokin ciniki, dan kwangilar da ke yin shigarwa, da ƙungiyarmu.
Stage 2 - Ƙirƙirar tsari don aiwatar da aiki, tare da zurfin nazari da tsarawa. Mun zaɓi tsarin jeri tare da ainihin nuni na tsari da jerin ayyuka, har zuwa tsarin sauya igiyoyin facin ta tashar jiragen ruwa.
Stage 3 - Gudanar da aiki a cikin kabad wanda ba ya shafar samarwa. Ƙididdiga da daidaitawa na raguwa don matakan aiki na gaba.
Stage 4 - Gudanar da aiki a cikin kabad wanda ke shafar samarwa kai tsaye. Ƙididdiga da daidaitawa na raguwa don mataki na ƙarshe na aiki.
Stage 5 - Gudanar da aiki a cikin ɗakin uwar garke don canza sauran kayan aiki. Gudun kan hanya akan sabon kwaya.
Stage 6 - Juyawa tsarin tsarin tsarin daga tsoffin saitunan cibiyar sadarwa zuwa sababbi don sauƙaƙan sauyi na dukkan hadaddun tsarin (VLAN, routing, da sauransu). A wannan matakin, mun haɗa duk masu amfani kuma mun tura duk sabis zuwa sabon kayan aiki, bincika haɗin kai daidai, tabbatar da cewa babu ɗayan sabis ɗin kasuwancin da ya tsaya, ba da tabbacin cewa idan akwai matsala za a haɗa su kai tsaye zuwa kernel, wanda ya sanya shi. sauki don kawar da yiwuwar gyara matsala da saitin karshe.
Waya gashin gashi
Aikin ya zama mai wahala kuma saboda mawuyacin yanayi na farko.
Da fari dai, wannan adadi ne mai yawa na nodes da sassan cibiyar sadarwa, tare da rikitattun topology da rarraba wayoyi gwargwadon manufarsu. Irin wannan "gemu" dole ne a fitar da su daga cikin kabad kuma a "kushewa", da gano wace waya daga ina da kuma inda take kaiwa.
Ya duba wani abu kamar haka:
kamar wannan:
ko haka:
Abu na biyu, ga kowane irin wannan aikin, ya zama dole don shirya fayil tare da bayanin tsarin. "Muna ɗaukar waya X daga tashar jiragen ruwa 1 na tsofaffin kayan aiki, mun sanya shi cikin tashar jiragen ruwa 18 na sababbin kayan aiki." Yana da sauƙi, amma idan kuna da tashar jiragen ruwa 48 gaba ɗaya a cikin bayanan farko, kuma babu wani zaɓi mara amfani (muna tunawa game da 24x7x365), hanya ɗaya tilo ita ce yin aiki a cikin tubalan. Yawancin wayoyi da za ku iya fitar da tsofaffin kayan aiki a lokaci guda, da sauri za ku iya goge su kuma ku toshe su cikin sabbin kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, guje wa gazawar hanyar sadarwa da faɗuwar lokaci.
Saboda haka, a matakin shirye-shiryen, mun raba cibiyar sadarwa zuwa tubalan - kowannensu yana cikin takamaiman VLAN. Kowane tashar jiragen ruwa (ko wani yanki na su) akan tsoffin kayan aiki yana ɗaya daga cikin VLANs a cikin sabon tsarin sadarwa. Mun tattara su kamar haka: tashar jiragen ruwa na farko na masu sauyawa suna da cibiyoyin sadarwar masu amfani, a tsakiya - cibiyoyin sadarwar samarwa, kuma a cikin na ƙarshe - wuraren samun dama da haɓakawa.
Wannan tsarin ya ba da damar cirewa da tsefe daga tsoffin kayan aiki ba waya 1 ba, amma 10-15 a lokaci guda. Wannan ya ƙara saurin aikin sau da yawa.
Af, wannan shine yadda wayoyi a cikin kabad ɗin ke kallon bayan combing:
ko, misali, kamar haka:
Bayan kammala mataki na 2, mun dauki hutu don nazarin kurakurai da abubuwan da suka faru na aikin. Misali, ƙananan kurakuran sun fito nan da nan saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin zane-zanen hanyar sadarwa da aka tanadar mana (madaidaicin haɗin kan zane shine igiyar facin da ba daidai ba da aka saya da buƙatar maye gurbinsa).
Dakatarwar ya zama dole, saboda lokacin aiki tare da haƙƙin uwar garke, ko da ƙaramin gazawa a cikin tsari bai yarda da shi ba. Idan makasudin shine don tabbatar da raguwa a sashin cibiyar sadarwa na bai wuce mintuna 5 ba, to ba za a iya wuce shi ba. Duk wani sabawa mai yuwuwa daga jadawalin dole ne a yarda da abokin ciniki.
Duk da haka, shirye-shiryen gaba da toshewar aikin ya ba da damar saduwa da lokacin da aka tsara a duk shafuka, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, ba tare da shi ba kwata-kwata.
Kalubalen lokaci - aikin da ke ƙarƙashin COVID
Koyaya, ba tare da ƙarin matsaloli ba. Tabbas, coronavirus yana ɗaya daga cikin cikas.
Aikin ya kasance mai rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa cutar ta fara, kuma ba zai yiwu ba a kasance a yayin aikin a wurin abokin ciniki ga duk ƙwararrun da ke cikin aikin. Mai sakawa kawai aka ba da izinin shiga cikin rukunin yanar gizon, kuma sarrafawa ta hanyar ɗakin Zoom ne wanda ya haɗa da injiniyan hanyar sadarwa daga ɓangaren Linxdatacenter, ni kaina a matsayin manajan aikin, injiniyan hanyar sadarwa daga ɓangaren abokin ciniki mai kula da aikin, da ƙungiyar da ke yin aikin. aikin shigarwa.
A cikin aikin, matsalolin da ba a san su ba sun taso, kuma dole ne a yi gyare-gyare a kan tashi. Don haka yana yiwuwa a hanzarta hana tasirin tasirin ɗan adam (kurakurai a cikin makircin, kurakurai wajen tantance matsayin aikin haɗin gwiwar, da sauransu).
Ko da yake tsarin aiki mai nisa ya zama kamar sabon abu a farkon aikin, mun yi saurin daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi kuma muka shiga mataki na ƙarshe na aiki.
Mun gudanar da tsarin saitin cibiyar sadarwa na wucin gadi don gudanar da cibiyoyin sadarwa guda biyu, tsoho da sababbi, a layi daya domin a samu saukin sauyi. Koyaya, ya zama cewa ba a cire ƙarin layi ɗaya daga fayil ɗin daidaitawa na sabon kwaya ba, kuma canjin bai faru ba. Hakan ya tilasta mana mu dauki lokaci muna neman matsalar.
Ya bayyana cewa an watsa babban zirga-zirga daidai, kuma zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ba ta kai ga kumburi ta sabon cibiya ba. Saboda bayyananniyar rarraba aikin zuwa matakai, yana yiwuwa a hanzarta gano sashin cibiyar sadarwa inda wahala ta taso, gano matsalar da kawar da ita.
Kuma a sakamakon haka
Sakamakon fasaha na aikin
Da farko, an ƙirƙiri wani sabon jigon sabuwar hanyar sadarwa, wanda muka gina zoben jiki/ma'ana don su. Ana yin haka ta yadda kowane maɓalli a cikin hanyar sadarwar yana da "kafaɗa ta biyu". A cikin tsohuwar hanyar sadarwa, an haɗa masu sauyawa da yawa zuwa ainihin hanyar hanya ɗaya, kafaɗa ɗaya (uplink). Idan ya tsage, canjin ya zama ba zai iya shiga ba. Kuma idan an haɗa maɓallai da yawa ta hanyar haɗin kai ɗaya, to, haɗarin ya lalata dukkan sashin ko layin samarwa a cikin kamfani.
A cikin sabuwar hanyar sadarwa, ko da wata babbar matsala ta hanyar sadarwa a cikin kowane hali ba za ta iya “sake” gabaɗayan cibiyar sadarwar ko sashinta mai mahimmanci ba.
90% na duk kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa an sabunta su, masu juyawa na watsa labarai (masu canza siginar siginar siginar) an yanke su, kuma buƙatun keɓaɓɓun layin wutar lantarki zuwa kayan wuta ta hanyar haɗawa da masu sauya PoE, inda aka ba da wutar lantarki ta hanyar wayoyi na Ethernet. shafe.
Hakanan, duk hanyoyin haɗin gani a cikin ɗakin uwar garken da a cikin kabad ɗin filin suna da alama - a duk maɓallan hanyoyin sadarwa. Wannan ya ba da damar shirya zane-zane na kayan aiki da haɗin kai a cikin hanyar sadarwa, yana nuna ainihin yanayinsa a yau.
Tsarin cibiyar sadarwa
Sakamakon mafi mahimmanci a cikin sharuddan fasaha: a maimakon haka an gudanar da ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa da sauri, ba tare da haifar da wani tsangwama a cikin aikin kasuwancin ba kuma kusan ba a fahimta ba ga ma'aikatan sa.
Sakamakon kasuwanci na aikin
A ganina, wannan aikin yana da ban sha'awa da farko ba daga bangaren fasaha ba, amma daga bangaren ƙungiya. Wahalar ita ce ta farko a cikin tsarawa da tunani ta hanyoyin aiwatar da ayyukan aikin.
Nasarar aikin yana ba mu damar faɗi cewa yunƙurinmu na haɓaka jagorar hanyar sadarwa a cikin fayil ɗin sabis na Linxdatacenter shine zaɓin da ya dace don haɓaka haɓakar kamfani. Hanyar da ta dace don gudanar da ayyuka, dabarar da ta dace, da kuma tsararren tsari ya ba mu damar yin aikin a matakin da ya dace.
Tabbatar da ingancin aikin - buƙatun abokin ciniki don ci gaba da samar da ayyuka don sabunta hanyar sadarwa a sauran rukunin yanar gizonta a Rasha.
source: www.habr.com